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Design of a New ISFET Array Chip
Yeow, Terence,Seo, Hwa Il,Mulcahy, Dennis,Haskard, Malcolm 한국센서학회 1995 센서학회지 Vol.4 No.4
A new ISFET array chip, based on detection of the threshold voltages of ISFETs by using an adjustable input, was designed. The chip includes 240 pH-ISFETs and circuitry such as comparators, a decoder and register. The chip has increased reliability, improved accuracy, digital output capability and the possibility of multisensor implementation. To fabricate the chip, an extended CMOS process was devised and implemented.
Comments on Acupuncture in Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain Syndrome with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Study
Yeow Leng Tan 사단법인약침학회 2021 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.14 No.5
Dear Editor, I read with interest the case report titled “Acupuncture in Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain Syndrome with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Study” by Gan and Santorelli [1] and would like to comment regarding the use of acupuncture in central poststroke pain (CPSP). First, it is an excellent consideration by Gan et al to choose acupuncture as a non-pharmacological modality to treat CPSP. CPSP leads to disabling pain, which can be spontaneous or evoked. It is well-established even in multiple sclerosis without cerebral vascular infarct that the central pain can cause disabling symptoms with a prevalence of approximately 30% [2]. While the pathophysiology of CPSP remains incompletely understood with central disinhibition and complex involvement of the spinothalamocortical pathway leading to allodynia or dysesthesia, the analgesic role of acupuncture cannot be underestimated [3]. The pain reduction in this case report illustrated the analgesic effects of acupuncture and I applaud the success in pain treatment and functional improvement observed at 6 weeks. Therefore, for patients diagnosed with CPSP, the use of acupuncture coupled with physical therapy and oral analgesics might be a useful combined treatment strategy. On the research front, I agree future high-quality randomized control trials with the three arms of acupuncture, i.e., acupuncture with conventional therapy, sham acupuncture with conventional therapy, and only conventional therapy, might further reveal the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing pain and restoring upper limb function. Second, I support the authors’ decision for not using the four acupoints in consideration of the patient’s safety. Having said so, it is important for acupuncturists to realize that very few strict contraindications have been documented for the use of acupuncture for various therapeutic aims. Therefore, it is paramount that acupuncturists exercise appropriate clinical judgement in conducting the acupuncture treatment and the choice of the acupuncture points [4]. Despite the lack of strict contraindications, the authors did exercise appropriate clinical judgement and adopt a flexible approach in choosing the acupuncture points, seeking the contralateral side of the body as an alternative acupuncture treatment site. Contralateral acupuncture is also known as opposite needling or cross needling. At present, evidence pertaining to the use of contralateral acupuncture being superior to ipsilateral acupuncture in terms of the overall treatment outcome of post-stroke hemiplegic patients remains limited. To reduce the risk of hypoesthesia of stroke with use of acupuncture in limbs, scalp acupuncture can be considered and has been repor ted in t he use of CPSP [5]. Sca lp acupuncture points described include the Ding zone and Dingqian zone. The application of electroacupuncture at the contralateral limb could also be considered for the treatment of neuropathic pain [5]. Electroacupuncture points used previously include LI15, SI9, SI11, and LE14 [5]. It might be possible to consider the use of scalp acupuncture points and limb electroacupuncture in future cases and assess if these strategies lead to more reduction in pain scores pre- and posttreatments. I congratulate the authors for their success in treating this clinically challenging case and publication of this case report.
Multiply Constant-Weight Codes and the Reliability of Loop Physically Unclonable Functions
Yeow Meng Chee,Cherif, Zouha,Danger, Jean-Luc,Guilley, Sylvain,Han Mao Kiah,Jon-Lark Kim,Sole, Patrick,Xiande Zhang IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on information theory Vol.60 No.11
<P>We introduce the class of multiply constant-weight codes to improve the reliability of certain physically unclonable function response, and extend classical coding methods to construct multiply constant-weight codes from known \(q\) -ary and constant-weight codes. We derive analogs of Johnson bounds and give constructions showing these bounds to be asymptotically tight up to a constant factor under certain conditions. We also examine the rates of multiply constant-weight codes and demonstrate that these rates are the same as those of constant-weight codes of corresponding parameters.</P>
An Investigation into Physical Size Limitations of Microelectronic Chemical Sensors
Yeow, Terence C.W.,Haskard, Malcolm R.,Mulcahy, Dennis E. 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1
Microelectronic chemical sensors have paved the way for researchers to design and fabricate very large chemical sensor arrays with in-built electronic circuitry. Their extremely small dimensions, however, may pose a problem to their basic sensor characteristics, such as sensitivity and response time. In this paper, a preliminary investigation is undertaken to determine if there are any physical size limitations in implementing microelectronic chemical sensors to form a large sensor or biosensor array. Two types of microelectronic sensors were used in this investigation, thick film hybrid sensors and ion-sensitive field-effect transistors. Experimental results confirmed theoretical expectations that there are no physical size limitations in implementing these sensors in a large array.
Analytical Modeling of Conventional and Miniaturization Three-Section Branch-Line Couplers
Kok Yeow You,Nadera AL-AREQI,Jaw Chung Chong,Kim Yee Lee,Ee Meng Cheng,Yeng Seng Lee 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2
Analytical modeling equations are proposed for the conventional and modified threesection branch-line couplers. The analytical equations are explicit and capable of determining the characteristic impedance of each branch line for the coupler at desired coupling level as well as the suitability of broadband S-parameters analysis. In addition, a bandwidth extension and miniaturization of three-section branch-line coupler using slow-wave and meandering line structures were designed. The modified coupler, which is able to operate within frequencies from 1.5 to 3.32 GHz has been fabricated, tested and compared. A bandwidth extension of 600 MHz and 53% reduced size of the modified coupler have been achieved compared to a conventional coupler. The modified coupler has roughly insertion loss and coupling of -4 dB and -3.2 dB, while the isolation and return loss, respectively less than -14 dB with fractional bandwidth of 77 %, as well as phase imbalances less than 2° over the operating bandwidth. Overall, the derived analytical model, simulation and measurement results demonstrated a good agreement.
Analytical Modeling of Conventional and Miniaturization Three-Section Branch-Line Couplers
You, Kok Yeow,AL-AREQI, Nadera,Chong, Jaw Chung,Lee, Kim Yee,Cheng, Ee Meng,Lee, Yeng Seng The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2
Analytical modeling equations are proposed for the conventional and modified three-section branch-line couplers. The analytical equations are explicit and capable of determining the characteristic impedance of each branch line for the coupler at desired coupling level as well as the suitability of broadband S-parameters analysis. In addition, a bandwidth extension and miniaturization of three-section branch-line coupler using slow-wave and meandering line structures were designed. The modified coupler, which is able to operate within frequencies from 1.5 to 3.32 GHz has been fabricated, tested and compared. A bandwidth extension of 600 MHz and 53% reduced size of the modified coupler have been achieved compared to a conventional coupler. The modified coupler has roughly insertion loss and coupling of -4 dB and -3.2 dB, while the isolation and return loss, respectively less than -14 dB with fractional bandwidth of 77 %, as well as phase imbalances less than $2^{\circ}$ over the operating bandwidth. Overall, the derived analytical model, simulation and measurement results demonstrated a good agreement.