하버드 사회과 프로젝트의 법리적 접근법의 이론적 기초: ‘공공쟁점’, ‘법리적 접근’, 그리고 ‘법리적 교수’에 대한 오개념을 넘어

오연주 ( Oh¸ Yeon Ju ) 한국사회과교육학회 2021 시민교육연구 Vol.53 No.4

공공쟁점 중심 교육은 하버드 사회과 프로젝트를 이끌었던 올리버(Oliver)와 쉐이버(Shaver), 그리고 뉴만(Newmann)에 의해서 사회과 교육과정 개발을 염두에 두고 제안되었는데, 교육논리의 독특성과 고유성으로 인하여 이에 대한 모호한 이해 혹은 오개념이 상존하고 있다. 본 연구는 ‘공공쟁점’, ‘법리적 접근’, 그리고 ‘법리적 교수’의 의미를 중심으로 공공쟁점 중심 교육의 이론적 기초를 명료화고자 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘공공쟁점’의 개념을 사회문제나 사회적 쟁점으로 의미화하기보다는 개인적 측면과 사회적 측면이 서로 연동하는 맥락적 개념으로서, 역사와 문화를 아우르는 항존적인 문제 또는 딜레마로 이해되어야 한다. 둘째, ‘법리적 접근’은 학습자가 공공쟁점에 내재된 서로 다른 의견불일치의 유형을 인식할 뿐만 아니라, 이들 의견불일치의 유형 간의 복잡한 관계를 이해하고 이를 다룰 수 있는 지적과정이다. 학습자는 의견불일치 유형에 따라 정당화와 명료화, 그리고 증거를 다루는 일반적지적 조작인 동시에 자신의 개인적 지식과 개인적 가치와 관련하여 다루는 이중의 사고과정이다. 마지막으로, ‘법리적 교수’는 경직적인 교수단계를 가진 교수모형이라기보다는 학습자의 지적 과정에 초점을 둔 유연한 교수과정으로 보는 것이 온당하다. The public issues-centered education was suggested for a framework or a theory of social studies curriculum development by D. W. Oliver, J. P. Shaver and F. M. Newmann who were leaders of the Havard Social Studies Project. But there are some prevalent misconceptions regarding public issues-centered education in previous research, due to its unique terms and theories. The aim of this article is to clarify the base on the theory of issues-centered education, focused on the meaning about ‘public issues’, ‘jurisprudential approach’, and ‘jurisprudential teaching’. This study has shown: first, the conception of ‘public issues’ could not be reduced to the meaning of social problems or social issues but could be the meaning of problems or value dilemmas persisting throughout history and across cultures, with a attribute of personal and social decision with connected context each other. Second, the ‘jurisprudential approach’ means students’ intellectual processes or operations that could be identified not only through three different types of disagreements within public issues but also awareness of the more complex and related relationships among these three different dimensions of disagreements within the public issues. And students learn knowhow to handle its justification and clarification and evidence in general intellectual operations under consideration of their personal knowledge and value systems in the intellectual process. Lastly, ‘Jurisprudential teaching’ means flexible teaching processes or strategy for learners’ dynamic intellectual process or conceptional work called ‘jurisprudential approach or framework, instead of ‘teaching model’ with fixed stages focused on learner’s explicit activities.

두 종류의 “-기에는” 구문에 대하여

정연주 ( Jeong¸ Yeon-ju ),김현주 ( Kim¸ Hyun-ju ) 영주어문학회 2021 영주어문 Vol.49 No.-

이 논문은 “-기에는” 구문을 기준에 따른 판단을 나타내는 ‘-기에(는)’ 구문과 부적절 사태에 대한 이유를 제시하는 ‘-기에는’ 구문으로 나누어 각 구문의 의미적, 문법적 특성을 살핀 것이다. 기존 연구에서는 이 두 구문을 구분하여 기술하지 않았지만, 두 구문은 의미적, 문법적으로 여러 가지 차이를 보인다. 기준에 따른 판단을 나타내는 ‘-기에(는)’ 구문은 일정한 기준을 제시하고 그 기준에서 어떤 판단을 내린다는 의미를 전달한다. 또한 보조사 ‘는’이 필수적이지 않고, ‘-기에(는)’에 동사가 선행한다는 특징을 갖는다. ‘-기에(는)’ 절은 출현 위치가 꽤 자유로워서, 후행절 앞에 나타날 수도 있고 후행절 내부에 나타날 수도 있다. 이 구문은 후행 서술어의 종류, ‘-기에(는)’ 절의 필수성, ‘-기에(는)’ 절과 후행 서술어의 관계, 보조사 ‘는’의 사용 양상 등에서 나타나는 차이에 따라 제1유형, 제2유형, 제3유형으로 나뉠 수 있다. 부적절 사태에 대한 이유 제시의 ‘-기에는’ 구문은, 선행절의 사태가 부적절하다고 판단하는데 그 이유가 되는 상황이 무엇인지를 제시한다는 의미를 전달한다. 또한 보조사 ‘는’이 필수적이고, ‘-기에는’ 앞에는 주로 동사가 오지만 형용사도 놓일 수 있다. 이 구문의 ‘-기에는’ 절은 후행절 내부보다는 후행절 앞에 위치하는 경향을 갖는다. ‘-기에는’에 시제 요소가 결합하는 것도 기준에 따른 판단을 나타내는 ‘-기에(는)’ 구문에 비해 자연스럽다. 이 구문은 기준에 따른 판단의 ‘-기에(는)’ 구문 중 제2유형으로부터 발달한 것으로 볼 수 있는데, 이처럼 문법적 특성에서 기원 구문과 여러 가지 차이점을 갖게 되었다. This paper investigates the semantic and grammatical features of “-kieynun” construction so to divide it into two types: one is used to present a criterion of the judgement presented by the main clause; the other is used to present an incongruous situation considering the condition presented by the main clause. It seems obvious that “-kieynun” has two different functions in terms of semantics and grammatical functions even though previous studies haven’t set these two apart. The ‘-kiey(nun)’ construction of the judgement criterion consists of two parts: a part to present a criterion, and the other part to judge on the basis of the criterion. ‘-kiey(nun)’ of this construction can omit the particle ‘nun’ and forms a conjugation form only with a verb, not an adjective. In this construction, the position of the criterion part which ends with ‘-kiey(nun)’ is not fixed: it can come before or inside the judgement part. This construction has three subtypes in terms of the sort of the following clause, obligatoriness of the ‘-kiey(nun)’ clause, the relation between the two parts, and the way of using the particle ‘nun’ in ‘-kiey(nun)’. The other ‘-kieynun’ construction also has two parts: a part to present an unsuitible/incongruous situation, and the following part to present the ground why the situation presented by the ‘-kieynun’ clause is incongruous. ‘-kieynun’ of this construction always needs the particle ‘nun’, and forms a conjugation form either (mainly) with a verb or with an adjective. The part to present an incongruous situation of this construction tends to occur before the other part. And a conjugation form with a tense element of ‘-kieynun’ of this construction is relatively acceptable compared to that of the ‘-kiey(nun)’ construction of judgement criterion. Having derived from a sub type of the ‘-kiey(nun)’ construction of judgement criterion, this construction has developed several differences from its origin construction.

[Review] The Effect of the SOD2 and SOD3 in Candida albicans on the Antioxidant System and its Potential as a Natural Antioxidant

Yeonju HONG(Yeonju HONG),Min-Kyu KWAK(Min-Kyu KWAK) 한국식품보건융합학회 2024 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.10 No.2

Oxygen is necessary to sustain life, but reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by oxygen metabolism can cause mutations and toxicity. ROS can damage cellular macromolecules, leading to oxidative stress, which can accelerate cell death and aging. ROS generated in food affect the taste, color, and aroma of food, and high levels of ROS in meat can cause spoilage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in scavenging ROS in food and reducing their toxicity to organisms. SOD exerts its antioxidant effect by catalyzing the breakdown of O2-• to H2O2. As a natural antioxidant, SOD has the ability to regenerate and maintain its activity over a long period of time without depletion, unlike chemical antioxidants that may have side effects or stability issues. This antioxidant effect of SOD has great potential in a variety of industries, and in the food industry it can be utilized to improve product quality and provide safe and healthy products to consumers. By disrupting the SOD2 and SOD3 genes in Candida albicans, we studied the effects of SOD2 and SOD3 genes on the antioxidant system, suggesting its potential as a natural antioxidant.

Administration of red ginseng ameliorates memory decline in aged mice

Yeonju Lee,오세관 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3

Background: It has been known that ginseng can be applied as a potential nutraceutical for memory impairment; however, experiments with animals of old age are few. Methods: To determine the memory enhancing effect of red ginseng, C57BL/6 mice (21 mo old) were given experimental diet pellets containing 0.12% red ginseng extract (approximately 200 mg/kg/d) for 3 mo. Young and old mice (4 mo and 21 mo old, respectively) were used as the control group. The effect of red ginseng, which ameliorated memory impairment in aged mice, was quantified using Y-maze test, novel objective test, and Morris water maze. Red ginseng ameliorated age-related declines in learning and memory in older mice. In addition, red ginseng’s effect on the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines was investigated in the hippocampus of aged mice. Results: Red ginseng treatment suppressed the production of age-processed inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukin-1b expressions. Moreover, it was observed that red ginseng had an antioxidative effect on aged mice. The suppressed glutathione level in aged mice was restored with red ginseng treatment. The antioxidative-related enzymes Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased with red ginseng treatment. Conclusion: The results revealed that when red ginseng is administered over long periods, age-related decline of learning and memory is ameliorated through anti-inflammatory activity.

The Prosodic Effect of Compound Tensification in Korean

Yeonju Kim,Hijo Kang 한국중원언어학회 2017 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.45

This study investigates the prosodic characteristics of compounds in Korean, compared to those of simplex words and phrases. In the production experiment, 45 pseudo minimal pairs or triplets that were produced by 12 Korean speakers from Seoul and Gwangju were acoustically analyzed. Duration of target segment (closure duration of lax vs. tense), preceding vowel, preceding consonant, and following vowel are measured and compared. Pitch contour of preceding vowel was also examined. First, we show whether and how words are prosodically different from phrases. The results show that the durations of whole expression and of closure are longer in phrases than in words. The pitch pattern of phrase also differs from that of word, though it was not consistent through dialects and genders. Second, compounds are compared with simplex words. Duration shows similar differences in compounds vs. simplex words, but pitch does not show significant differences, which leads us to the conclusion that duration plays a crucial role in distinguishing morphologically and/or syntactically different structures such as simplex words, compounds, and phrases in Korean.

Effects of ZnO and Al2O3 on optical properties of sanitary ware glazes without ZrSiO4

Yeonju Kim,Kangduk Kim,Kyu-sung Han 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.6

In this study, to replace zirconia-based white glaze, 3 wt% TiO2 was added to CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-ZnO with a translucent glaze, and ZnO and Al2O3 were added to suppress the yellowing of TiO2. According to the type and amount of additives, the crystal phases (X-ray diffraction, XRD) and microstructures (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS)) of the glazes were analyzed, and the whiteness, gloss, reflectance, and absorption coefficient were measured. XRD and SEM analyses revealed the presence of plate-like (SiO2) and needle-like (Al1.488Ca0.491Na0.499Si2.506O8) crystal phases that affected the whiteness of the glaze. The gloss of the specimen was significantly reduced (to <40) with the addition of Al2O3. Color analysis results revealed a yellow index (b*) ranging from 2.8% to 4.9% and whiteness ranging from 89% to 93% for all the specimens, which were similar to the values for the zirconia-based white glaze. Reflectance analysis in the visible range (300–800 nm) using Ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectrophotometer (UV-ViS-NIR) indicated a decrease in reflectance in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm and an increase in reflectance in the wavelength range of 500-700 nm.

Butylparaben induces procoagulant activity of human red blood cells

Yeonju Ko,Ok-Nam Bae 환경독성보건학회 2022 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.5

Interpersonal Relationship and Mood System

( Yeonju Kim ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2017 언어사실과 관점 Vol.40 No.-

본 논문은 대인 관계 중 엄마와 딸의 관계를 중심으로 신경숙 소설 <엄마를 부탁해>의 텍스트와 영화 <친정엄마>의 자막 텍스트에 드러난 서법 체계가 영문으로 번역되었을 때 어떠한 변화양상을 보이는지에 대한 연구에 관한 것이다. 또한 드러난 서법과 발화수행기능을 비교하여 일치성 여부를 판단하였다. 그 결과 두 매체(소설, 영화 자막) 모두 한글과 영문에서 평서법이 가장 빈번히 사용되고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 한글에서는 상당 부분의 의문법이 전형적 발화수행 기능인 의문이 아니라 진술이나 명령으로 기능하였으나 이러한 양상은 영문 번역본에서는 대체로 서법이 변화되어 전형적 발화수행기능과 매치되도록 번역되었다는 사실을 발견할 수 있었다. 즉, 고맥락 ·저맥락 문화배경의 차이, 가족관의 차이가 서법과 발화수행기능적 차원의 언어맥락에서 차이가 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 향후 관련 분야의 양적·질적 연구를 통해 이러한 배경 문화적 차이가 언어에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 일반화할 수 있는 근거를 마련하여 각 장르에 맞게 보다 매끄러운 번역이 이루어 질 수 있는 발판을 마련할 수 있기를 기대한다.

A study of correlation between intergranular fracture and plastic deformation in tungsten using nanoindentation

Yeonju Oh,Keunho Lee,Hyun-Min Sung,Nojun Kwak,Won-seok Ko,Heung Nam Han 한국소성가공학회 2017 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

Expression of the serotonin 1A receptor in the horse brain

Yeonju Choi,Minjung Yoon The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biot 2023 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Background: Serotonin receptors can be divided into seven different families with various subtypes. The serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor is one of the most abundant subtypes in animal brains. The expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the brain has been reported in various animals but has not been studied in horses. The 5-HT1A receptor functions related to emotions and behaviors, thus it is important to understand the functional effects and distribution of 5-HT1A receptors in horses to better understand horse behavior and its associated mechanism. Methods: Brain samples from seven different regions, which were the frontal, central, and posterior cerebral cortices, cerebellar cortex and medulla, thalamus, and hypothalamus, were collected from six horses. Western blot analysis was performed to validate the cross-reactivity of rabbit anti-5-HT1A receptor antibody in horse samples. Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the localization of 5-HT1A receptors in the brains. Results: The protein bands of 5-HT1A receptor appeared at approximately 50 kDa in the frontal, central, and posterior cerebral cortices, cerebellar cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus. In contrast, no band was observed in the cerebellar medulla. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the cytoplasm of neurons in the cerebral cortices, thalamus, and hypothalamus were immunostained for 5-HT1A receptors. In the cerebellar cortex, 5-HT1A was localized in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study suggests that 5-HT and 5-HT1A receptor systems may play important roles in the central nervous system of horses, based on the widespread distribution of the receptors in the horse brain.