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- 저자 : Yea-fen Chen (검색결과 2 건)
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An Analysis of the 2007-2010 AP Chinese Exam Results
Yea-fen Chen 한국중어중문학회 2011 中語中文學 Vol.49 No.-
As China gains prominence in the global arena as an economic, political, and military power, the study of Chinese also has become a global phenomenon. Under these circumstances, the College Board of the United States launched the Advanced Placement (AP) Chinese Language and Culture Course and Exam, enhancing high school students’ enthusiasm to learn Chinese and promoting the status of Chinese in mainstream American society. It has been more than four years since the implementation of AP Chinese courses in Fall 2006 and the AP Chinese Exam in Spring 2007, but the discussion of the AP Chinese Language and Culture Course and Exam, as well as their influence, still continues. This paper will analyze the AP Chinese Exam in the past four years in terms of the number, demographics, and scores of the examinees released by the College Board. It will also compare the results between the AP Chinese Exam and other world language AP Exams (French, German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish), especially the AP Japanese Exam and the AP Spanish Exam. Lastly, the author will explore the positive and negative impact of the AP Chinese Exam on Chinese language education in the United States.
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Yea-Chen Liu,Yu-Ying Hsiao,Kuo-Lung Ku,Hui-Fen Liao,Wei-Chun Chao 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.7
Macrophages play an indispensable role in the host immune defense. Macrophages can undergo polarization into classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. M1 macrophages activate immune and inflammatory response, while M2 macrophages are involved in tissue remodeling. Mahonia oiwakensis (Mo) is a herbal medicine in Asia used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties; however, the mechanism is unclear. This study analyzed the effect of Mo extracts and its effects on the polarization of both macrophage RAW264.7 cells and mouse splenic macrophages. Water (Mo-W) and EtOH extracts (Mo-E) did not change the viability of RAW264.7 cells, whereas Mo-E inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. The major compounds, berberine and palmatine, decreased the viability and NO levels of cells. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines CXCL16, IL-6, L-selectin, MCP1, RANTES, and sTNF-R1 was downregulated, whereas the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was upregulated by Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine treatments. Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine stimulated the expression of macrophage CD68 and M2-type CD204 markers, decreased M1-mediated p-STAT1 and NF-κB, and increased M2-mediated p-STAT6 expression. Similar effects on M2 polarization were also observed in splenic macrophages from mice. In conclusion, Mo-E, berberine, and palmatine modulated macrophages through the suppression of M1-mediated inflammation and the recruitment of M2-mediated VEGF secretion and STAT6 expression.
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