Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

소련外交政策의 諸變數와 變遷

洪亮杓 慶北大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.25-26 No.-

Foreign policy factors of USSR can be devided into internal and external ones. The author dealt, as the former, ideology, economy, military strength, power structure and governing way, and, as the latter factors, Soviet's international relations with Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the US, Afriea and the Middle east, and Asia. Soviet has experienced three turning elements of policy in its history: Zwar's Tradition, Marxist-Leninist Revolution and Current De-Stalinization. Military expansionism, Imperialism repression of dissidents and external communist satellites, and bureaucracy are all stemmed from Zwar's tradition. However, since Stalin's death, the USSR has heen transforming from ideological radicalism and terrorism to deradicalism, reduction of political terror, and rationalization of party control. As external relations, it has showed peaceful coexistence, SALT and Helshinhsi Conference, and in same time showed military intervention though indirectly. It is really hard to say whether it wishes, as a final goal, true peace and the end of ideology-struggle or communizing the world in future. However, the author can definitly say that the USSR is changing, transforming and going toward 'the end of ideology' and liberalization.

濟州地域 大學生의 營養實態 調査硏究

洪陽子 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

가. 男ㆍ女學生群의 平均身長은 각각 169.7cm와 158.1cm, 平均體重은 59.6kg과 49.9kg으로 나타났다. 被調査者의 34.8%가 自炊를 하고 있으며, 도시락을 持參하는 學生은 16.9%에 불과하고, 女學生群의 22.7%가 間食으로 점심을 대신하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 營養ㆍ健康에 대한 知識이나 情報를 주로 新聞 및 雜誌에서 얻는 學生이 48.5%이며, 被調査者의 42.9%만이 자신이 健康하다고 여기고 있는데, 특히 男學生들인 경우에 女學生들보다도 그 比率이 낮았다. 나. 營養에 대한 知識은 兩性群間에 有意的인 隔差를 보였는데, 女學生들이 男學生들보다 월등하게 높아서, 平均評点인 경우에 女學生이 17滿点에 13.28인데 비하여, 男學生은 7.56에 불과하였다. 다. 食習慣은 男ㆍ女學生群 모두가 좋지 않은 편으로, '優秀'에 해당하는 學生은 단지 1.5%일 뿐인데 비하여, '不良'쪽은 무려 50%에 가까왔다. 라. 營養素攝取에 있어서는, 男ㆍ女學生群 양쪽다 충분히 攝取하고 있는 것은 비타민A, 비타민B₁, 그리고 비타민C였으며, 철분은 男學生群에서는 勸裝量을 充足시키고 있지만 女學生들인 경우에 未達로 나타났다. 그리고 그 밖의 모든 營養素 攝取에서 兩性群 다 같이 勸裝量 未達을 보였는데, 특히 未洽한 것은 男學生들인 경우에는 비타민 B₂와 熱量의 攝取로서 勸裝量의 66.1%와 73.8%, 女學生들인 경우에는 철분과 칼슘으로서 58.8%와 77.0% 수준에 머물고 있다. 마. 男ㆍ女學生別에 따른 食習慣, 그리고 居住狀況에 따른 營養素攝取狀態에는 有意的인 差異를 보이지 않고 있으나, 食習慣이 좋고 나쁨에 따라서는 단백질, 칼슘, 철분, 비타민 B₁ 및 나이아신의 營養素攝取狀態에 有意的인 差가 나타나고 있다. 그리고 居住狀況別에 따른 食習慣에도 有意的인 差異가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 自炊하는 學生인 경우에 下宿이나 自宅, 親族집에 사는 學生들보다 食習慣이 좋지 않은 편이다. The present study paper is intended to investigate the nutritional status of college students related to their nutritional knowledge, food habit, nutrient intake and other some characteristics, and then to provide basic data on promoting the nutritional education and care for their health. The survey covered a total 520 college students in both sexes, the male subjects 208 and the female 3129, sampled randomly from 3 higer educational institutions in Jeju province area during the period from October 14-22 in 1982. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. General characteristics 1) 28.8% of the male and 38.8% of the female subjects were the self-boarding students and merely 16.9% of total subjects carried the packed-lunch. 2) 28.1% of the female subjects felt that they are healthy whereas only 14.8% of the male did. 2. Nutritional knowledge and food habit 1) For nutritional knowledge, the level of the male subjects was significantly far lower than that of the female ; The mean score of the male was 7.56 points whereas that of the female 13.28 out of a possible 17. 2) As to food habits, 47.1% of total subjects had those of 'poor' level whereas merely 1.5% were 'excellent'. 3. Nutrients intake 1) Total energy intakes of both male and female subjects were not sufficient as 73.79% and 78.71% of the RDA respectively. 2) Protein intakes of both sexes were below the recommended level as the male group was 87.63% and the female 82.19%. 3) For iron, intake of the male subjects was 125.6% of the RDA whereas that of the female was 10.6mg, that is, only 58.8% of the recommended amount. 4) Calcium intakes of both male and female subjects were considerably lower than the RDA as 84.35% and 77.0% respectively. 5) Out of vitamins, vitamin A, thiamine and ascorbic acid intakes were satisfied whereas the intake of riboflavin was below as 66.06% and 83.43% of the RDA. And for niacin, the intake of the male subjects was not sufficient as 80.3% of the RDA, but that of the female was sufficient. 4. The relationships of each characteristics 1) Correlation between the sex of the subjects and their nutritional knowledge level revealed the statistical significancy(P<.01). 2) Correlation between the present residence status of the subjects and their food habit score revealed the statistical significancy(P<.01). 3) Correlation between the food habit of the subjects and their intake of some nutrients like protein, calcium, iron, thiamine and niacin revealed the statistical significancy(P<.05).

中共政治文化의 兩面性 : 革命 對 逆革命 急進 對 穩健 Revolution to Counterrevolution, and Radicalism to Moderatism

洪亮杓 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1978 東洋文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

Political culture of People's Republic of China (PRC) can be explained as struggle or conflict between two elements: revolution (Cultural Revolution) and counterrevolution (Counter C.R.), and radicalism and moderatism. The Cultural Revolution occured with the background and reason of ideological reorganization of people, precedence of politics to business, the critics of Sun Nipang, May-7-Directives by Mao, and the consolidation of Mao's power. Above all Cultural Revolutionalists challenged Chinese and even World's traditions. They opposed all the old values of culture, and the China was in danger of breaking with the past. The process of Revolution was an expression of insanity. After the savage turmoil, Chinese politics has turned to Counter-Revolution such as precedence of industrialization, material incentives, "distribution according to work", income gap, and etc. The struggle between Revolutionalists and Counterrevolutionalists was turned out to be that of radicalism and moderatism. The former's polctical ideology is literal Maoism, continuity of revolution, voluntarism, non-compromising with reality, antiauthority, precedence of class-struggle, economic egalitarianism, and etc, and the latter's one is classical Marxism, historical determination, emphasizing objective conditions, precedence of modernization to ideology, elitism, preference of social stability (comparing with the radicalists' social disorder for the Revolution), economic efficiency, economic inequality to a certain extent and etc. The triumph of the moderatism over the radicalism with the fall of Gang of Four is any how more desirable than the latter's win. For the moderates' means and politics are relatively nonviolent and friendly to foreign country and Capitalism.

大伽倻 古墳의 動物遺骸에 關하여

楊洪準 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

This paper is a report on the tombs of The Great Gaya Kingdom which was excavated from the August to the November in 1978. Several pieces of the animal remains were unearthed from the studied tombs; No. 34 SE-3 and No. 35NW-2 which belong to the series of tombs of The Great Gaya Kingdom located atJisan-dong, Goryeong county, Kyungbug province. the author found three pieces of bird bones, 41 pieces of fish bones and two items of crab from the tomb No. 34. SE-3 The remains of bird and crab were seriously rotted. But the remain bones of cut fish body at caudal peduncle are sustained almost proper forms, so this species is identified as a codfish, Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, according to the morphological characteristics of vertebra. The remains of fishes, gastropods and trumpet shells were unearthed from the linking cist and the tomb No. 35 NW-2. All remains of this tomb are marine animals. Especially gastropods of the linking cist are put in the earthenware and 11 individuals of them are maintained almost its original shell structure and they are identified as Thais bronni (Dunker). But the fishes of the linking cist couldn't be identified because of their decalcification by serious decay. The remains of trumpet shell from the tomb 35NW-2 are identified as Batillus cornutus (Solader) by the preserved characteristics.

韓國人, 在日韓國人 및 日本人의 癌發生에 대한 比較疫學的 硏究(I)

洪陽子,高良淑 제주대학교 1987 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

암의 역학적 비교 연구를 하기 위해서 大阪 거주의 日本人과 在日韓國人 그리고 濟州島에 거주하는 韓國人에 대해서 암의 이환과 사망, life style,간염바이러스 감염상황과 식생활조사(식품에 대한 기호도)를 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 在日韓國人의 암사망율은 일본인의 것과 비교해서 간암에 의한 것이 남자는 3배, 여자는 1.9배로 높다. 韓國人에서는 남자는 간암의 이환율이 가장 높고, 여자는 간암 및 자궁암이 높다. 2. 끽연율은 日本人은 각 연령층 고르게 10-17%내외였으며 在日韓國人은 日本人과 비슷하다. 韓國人과 在日韓國人은 日本人에 비해 청년기에 끽연율이 높고, 濟州島韓國人 여자의 끽연율이 가장 낮다. 3. 在日韓國人은 3군 가운데 각 연령층마다 음주율이 가장 높고 濟州島韓國人 여자의 음주율이 가장 낮다. 4. 1일간의 대변 횟수는 濟州島韓國人이 가장 많고, 소변 횟수는 日本人과 在日韓國人(5.20, 5.19)에 비해 유의적으로 적다. 5. 入浴횟수는 日本人과 在日韓國人은 계절에 관계없이 주당 5-6회이며, 濟州島韓國人은 여름을 제외한 계절 모두 1회 정도로 나타났다. 6. 취반시 在日韓國人과 日本人은 전기와 가스를 비슷하게 사용하고 있었으며 濟州島韓國人은 주로 전기밥솥을 이용하고 있었다. 7. 조사대상자의 부모가 蘿患했던 각종 질환을 보면 모든 종류의 질환에서 在日韓國人이 蘿患율이 가장 높았고, 제주도한국인이 나환율이 가장 낮았다. 특히 간질환에 있어서는 在日韓國人이 日本人과 濟州島韓國人에 비해 P<0.001 수준에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 8. 在日韓國人에 비해 濟州島韓國人이 HB??-항원출현율이 고율로 나타났으나 간암은 在日韓國人이 濟州島韓國人보다 높은 비율이다. 9. 在日韓國人의 주당 식품 섭취 빈도는 일본인의 그것과 유사하며 濟州島 韓國人은 빵,육류,어류,난류,과일 등의 섭취 빈도는 在日韓國人보다도 낮았고, 淸物,채소류,된장국이 섭취빈도는 높다. 10. 기호성이 일치하는 식품수는 日本人과 在日韓國人에서 47종류로 가장 많고 日本人과 濟州島韓國人 사이에서는 5종류에 불과하다. 濟州島韓國人과 在日韓國人 사이에 기호성이 일치한 식품은 고추장, 고추가루, 깻잎 등으로 한국의 식생활에서 많이 이용되는 것이다. 11. 在日韓國人과 日本人이 '먹은 일이 없다'는 식품은 보리,조,도라지,대추 등이고, 日本人들은 고추장,고추가루,깻잎 등을 濟州島韓國人은 뱀장어,연어,등을 '먹은 일이 없다'고 하였다. 12. 3군 모두 가장 좋아하는 식품은 밀감이었으며, 대체로 과일류를 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 在日韓國人은 쇠고기를 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 13. 在日韓국人의 식품기호성은 濟州島韓國人보다 日本人에 가깝게 나타났다. 현시점에서 얻어진 결과는 연구목적을 달성시키기 위한 자료의 일부이다. 완전한 연구결과를 위해서는 분석중인 식품섭취량, 영양소 섭취 실태 이외에도 몇가지 조건이 더 갖추어져야 할 것이다. 첫째, 韓國내에 있어서의 지역별 암 이환비(SPIR)의 산출을 위해서 5년이상 암등록 Data의 축적자료가 필요하며, 둘째, 韓國全域의 동일한 내용의 조사, 셋째, Case-controll 연구의 실시등이다. The aim of this study finds itself in comparing the cancer motality and its causes of Koreans with those of Japanese. The samples are classified into three groups: the Korean residing in Osaka, Japan; the Japanese; and the Koreans living in Cheju-do. As variables for this research are the cancer mortality, the rate of cancer, life styles, hepatitis virus, and eating habits taken into account. Two research teams have participated in this task: the Korean party concerned with the Koreans of Cheju-do and the Japanese side collecing the data on the other two groups residing in Japan. 120households were selected at random as samples from three different villages during the periods from August to November 1985 and from February to May 1986. The people concerned have often been visited and interviewed in regard to their eating habits and life styles which vary from season to season. As for the life styles in particular, the questionaires were made use of with 5,000 persons from the above three groups respectively asked to answer in June 1986. The statisties data on the cancer mortality, the rate of cancer and hepatitis virus were available out of those generally recognized in ordinary hospitals. The results of the work are as follows 1. The Korean-in Japan shows the liver-mortality 3 times as high in case of male and 1.9 times as high in case of female as the Japanese. 2. As for the rate of smokers, that of the Korean in Japan is similar to that of the Japanese. The least was found in the group of Korean females living in Cheju-do. 3. The Korean in Japan find themselves the most drinkers of the three groups through all the ages. The fewest falls on the Korean females of Cheju-do. 4. As far as the frequency of excretion per week is concerned, the Koreans of Cheju-do are counted as the top, who show lower frequency in case of urination than the other two groups. 5. As for the parents who taked of disease, those of the Korean in Japan are the most while the Koreans of Cheju-do the fewest, With regard to the liver diseases, the Korean in Japan show the highest frequency of their outbreaks among the three groups.(p<0.001) 6. The Koreans of Cheju-do show higher rate of the appearance of HBs-Ag than that the Korean in Japan, while the latter have more livercancer outbroken than the former. 7. As for the food, the Korean in Japan is like the Japannese in its kinds. The Koreans of Cheju-do eat bread, meat, fish, milk, eggs, fruits and so on less frequently than the Korean in Japan, intaking pickled vegetables and miso soup the most frequently of the three groups. 8. In terms of favorite foods, the Korean in Japan and the Japanese share in 47 kinds; the Koreans of Cheju-do and the Korean in Japan in 8 Kinds; and the Koreans of Cheju-do and the Japanese in 5. 9. All the three groups like fruits. The Korean in Japan in particular turns out to prefer beef. 10. As for the taste of the Korean in Japan, it has proved more similar to that of the Japanse than to that of the Koreans of Cheju-do.

고빈도 환기

양홍석 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1985 한국의과학 Vol.17 No.3

제 5차 교육과정개편으로 발간된 중학교 과학교과서에서 실험 및 관찰 내용의 비교 분석 : 생물단원을 중심으로

양홍준,이미희 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

Today, which is the era of high developed information and technology, grows suddenly changing resulted from the sudden increase in knowledge and information. Accordingly, in order to nurture the man who is able to meet that era, we demands keenly the necessity of the revision of textbook following that of curriculum to be acceptable and reflectible the change of situation in society and study and the characteristics and demand of the group of student. The purpose of this study is to be helped the effective learning-coach of the science education in middle school, especially to provide the basic information fot the inquiry-study of the biology edcation and to acquire the progressed information for more desirable curriculum through relative comparison and analysis of the courses in the 5 kinds of the middle school science textbook to being used prior to the nest revision of curriculum. In this study, especially the biology course in the science textbook which are 15 volumes of kinds for 1st, 2nd and 3rd grades complied on the basis of the 5th revision of a curriculum (Notification No. 87-7 of the Ministry of Education, 1987) was compared and analyzed. The results are as follows : 1. Science textbook was arranged in units apparently composing of physics, chemistry, earth science and biology by grades and all kinds of textbooks following suit. The comparison with the page occupied by courses shows, on the average, that physics 23.0%, chemistry 22.3%, earth science 24.0% and biology 30.7%. 2. The number of experiment and observation by courses was counted to be physics 19.8, chemistry 30.3, earth science 25.6%, biology 36.4 and by textbooks; A-textbook 140, B-textbook 107, C-textbook 97, D-textbook 119, and E-textbook 96. Those by textbooks represent existing the conspicuous difference. 3. The number of experiment and observation only in the biology course was counted to be 46 in A-textbook, 35 in B-textbook, 29 in C-textbook, 42 in D-textbook, and 30 in E-textbook among the total 66 subjects, showing the considerable difference. The numbers of common subject was founded to be 17 in 5 kinds of textbooks, 7 in 4 kinds of textbooks, 9 in 3 kinds of textbooks, 9 in 2 kinds of textbooks, and 24 in 1 kind of textbooks, which shows the variety of experiment subject in accordance with the textbooks. 4. The percentage of paper area occupied by experiment and observation in the biology course is 7.3-11.0%. 5. The most frequent organism used experiment and observation in the biology course, classifically, was seed plant. By textbooks 24-50 species of organisms were involved 34-64 times. And organisms frequently involved in experiment in the biology course was man(26), frog(12), water-grass(11), onion(10), and balsam(9). 6. The most frequently used experiment tools were found to be microscope, slide and cover glasses, glass dishes and 4.3-5.3 tools per one experiment were found to be used. The regents were dexcendingly iodid-iodine potassium, acetoacrmin and ethanol, methylene blue. 7. The inquiry excercise excepting were reveal 2-9 subjects named "investigation", "inquiry of mine", "practicing", "free activity" etc., but E textbook had no relation. 8. The 93-131 of study, question, discussion etc. by textbooks suggested the conformation of concepts and the actively inquiry of questions. The 161-182 of illustrations, 15-54 of pictures, 10-16 of tables and 7-11 of graphs helps the visual effect and understanding concept.

濟州地域 就學前兒童의 食習慣에 관한 調査硏究

洪陽子 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

가. 被調査兒童들은 71.28%가 6세, 어머니들은 58.21%가 31세에서 40세 사이였다. 兒童의 出生順位는 44.52%가 첫째, 55.82%가 母乳로 양육되었으며, 60.96%가 6개월에서 1년 사이에 離乳를 하였다. 그들 家庭의 月收入은 21만원에서 30만원 사이가 29.11%로서 가장 많았다. 어머니의 48.97%가 高卒의 學歷을 가졌고, 31.16%가 職業을 갖고 있으며, 48.86%가 주로 TV나 라디오를 통하여 營養에 대한 情報를 얻고 있었다. 나. 體位가 正常의 범위에 해당하는 兒童은 男兒가 52.34%, 女兒 41.56%였으며, 아버지의 경우는 58.69%, 어머니 59.78%가 正常體重이었다. 다. 食習慣은 兒童과 어머니 양쪽 모두 대체로 좋지 않은 편으로, 食習慣이 훌륭하다고 할 수 있는 兒童은 단지 11.30%뿐이며, 매우 不良에 해당하는 아동도 무려 21.92%나 되었다. 어머니의 食習慣도 良好는 26.03% 뿐이고 不良이 18.49%, 나머지는 보통이었다. 라. 어머니의 營養에 대한 知識은 19점 滿點에 平均 12.48점, 高水準의 營養知識을 가진 경우는 50.00%였다. 마. 兒童의 食習慣과 有意的인 相關關係를 갖는 要因은 어머니의 食習慣 및 營養知識인 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 食習慣이 좋을 수록 子女兒童의 食習慣도 좋았으며(P<.05), 어머니의 營養知識이 높을 수록 兒童의 食習慣이 有意的으로 좋았다(P<.05). The present study paper is intented to investigate the dietary habits of preschool children, related to their own physical growth and their mother's dietary habit and nutrition knowledge etc., and then to provide basic data on promoting the nutrition education and care for their health. The survey covered a total 292 preschool children in both sexes sample randomly from 5 nursery schools in Cheju city area, by means of questionnaries that were distributed to their mothers, during the period from Nov.24.to Dec.10. in 1983. The major findings are: The male and female respondent children with normal weight were 52.34% and 41.56% respectively, whereas those of children with underweight 36.45% and 53.25%. The Mean Score of children's dietary habit was 46.14 marks out of a possible 150, and that of their mothers 4.74 out of 10. 21.02% of the male and 22.96% of the female children had the dietary habits of 'poor' level whereas merely 4.46% and 2.96% respectively were 'exellent'. For the mother subjects, 18.09% of them had the 'poor' dietary habit, and the mean score of their nutrition knowledge was 12.48 marks out of a possible 19. The considerable correlationship between the dietary habit of children and that of their mother, and between the dietary habit of children and the nutrition knowledge of their mothers were found(p<.0.5 respectively).

퍼지제어 교육용 시뮬레이터의 개발

양승학,김홍렬 湖南大學校 1997 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.18 No.2

This paper describes a design of fuzzy logic controller for an education of fuzzy controller with example of steering control of the navigation vehicle. The steering ofvehicle is controlled to pursuit a regerence line. Number of vehicle states related with a reference line is 9 cases. Each cases has a control rule to achieve the aim. Using fuzzy inference engine, fuzzy inference value is obtained, This value cannot be used as a control input directly. Center of gravity(COG) method is used to defuzzification the fuzzy value. Universe of discourse is scaled to [-1. 1] to regulate the real sensing value. Scaling factor Sδ, Sθ, Sφ are used. With varying the factors, the system response is varied. Among the factor Sφ is the most sensitive factor. In this simulation Sφ is not varied. Control rules and Sδ, Sθ can be changed with the user specification. This educational fuzzy simulator will be used to understand a fuzzy logic controller for beginners with user tuning of scale factors.