Effects of spin-casting speed on solar cell performances and corresponding films morphology and optical properties using 2D perovskite of PEA2MA2Pb3I10

Yang Zhang,Zeyang Wang,Ting Liu,Bo Yang,Shu Hu,Heng Li,ChuanXiang Sheng 대한금속·재료학회 2022 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.18 No.3

On hot substrates with a temperature of 100 °C, the qualities of two-dimensional perovskite PEA2MA2Pb3I10(PEA = phenethylammonium,MA = methylammonium) films have been explored which are constructed with different spin-casting speeds. These films are performed at the speed of 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 revolution per minute (RPM). Below 4000 r, a higherRPM results in higher crystalline quality with more uniform morphology. Correspondingly, 4000 r devices show better performanceon average (4.3% power conversion efficiency) and less hysteresis in the J-V curve than 1000 r (3.6%) and 2000 rdevices (3.4%). However, for devices that were fabricated at 6000 r, inferior performance (2.8% on average) may not bepredicted simply by the morphology characterization or optical measurement results at room temperature; instead, carriertrapping states can occur that result in thermally activated PL below 200 K with an activation energy of 18 meV, which donot occur in the 1000 r, 2000 r, and 4000 r films. Our results suggest that for evaluating 2D perovskite films prior to fabricatingoptimal devices, multiple morphology characterizations and optical measurements, including of low-temperature PL,will be helpful.

An Idea Generation Supporting System based on Anchor and Gestalt Theories

Heng-Li Yang,Cheng-Hwa Lee 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2009 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.2 No.1

Robust Adaptive Fault-tolerant Containment Control of Networked Heterogeneous Agent Systems with Multiple Active Leaders and Mismatched Affine Uncertainties

Heng Liu,Xin Wang,Xinrong Yang,Xiaona Yang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.1

This paper investigates the problem of robust fault-tolerant containment control for a class of multiagent systems in which multiple active leaders and linear heterogeneous follower subsystems with mismatched affine uncertainties and actuator faults are distributed on a communication network. It first introduces a group of distributed adaptive intermediate estimators, based on which each following agent can estimate the desired containment trajectory objective. Then, by utilizing adaptive parameter estimation approach and S-procedure technique, a decentralized fault-tolerant tracking control algorithm is designed to guarantee all practical states of followers asymptotically track the desired containment trajectory even in the case of actuator faults and heterogeneous affine uncertainties. Interestingly, the main advantage of proposed fault-tolerant containment strategy is that, not only the faulty information from follower subsystems cannot affect neighbor agents, but also both actuator faults and heterogeneous affine uncertainties can be compensated in local subsystem. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed containment control protocol.

OFDMA 상향링크에서 반송주파수 차이, 채널, 시간지연의 복합추정에 대한 특성 분석

양흥(Heng Yang),김익상(Ik-Sang Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2012 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.10 No.12

In OFDMA uplink transmissions, the received signal in a base station is composed of signals from several mobile stations, which are distorted by carrier frequency offset, symbol timing offset, and multipath fading in a different degree for each mobile station. The received signals from mobile stations can be reliably recovered by estimating these three factors using AP(Alternating Projection) algorithm. However, it is found that AP cannot be adopted in the case of sub-band carrier allocation or a large number of mobile stations having a long CP(Cyclic Prefix) because of its singularity. CRB(Cramer Rao Bound) is a very useful tool measuring estimation errors theoretically. Errors estimated by CRB demonstrate that CFO estimation error does not depend on the CFO bias and increases as the number of mobile stations becomes large.

OFDMA 상향전송에서 반송주파수 오프셋 잔여오차 보정

양흥(Heng Yang),김익상(Ik-Sang Kim) 한국정보기술학회 2011 한국정보기술학회논문지 Vol.9 No.12

CFO(Carrier Frequency Offset) causes degraded BER performance in OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) system, which comes from the frequency difference of local oscillators between a mobile station and a base station. CLJL and HL algorithms have been presented for compensation of CFO problem. However, they have their own intrinsic residue error. In this paper, the method to compensate such a residue error according to interleave, local, and random CAS(Carrier Allocation Scheme) is shown. When the HL algorithm is applied to compensate CFO, interleave CAS is the weakest against CFO problem because of the severe ICI(Inter Carrier Interference) between subcarriers. It is shown that the BER performances are improved almost the same for all the CASs after HL and residue error compensation.

Survival Benefit of Tamoxifen in Estrogen Receptor-Negative and Progesterone Receptor-Positive Low Grade Breast Cancer Patients

Li-Heng Yang,Hsin-Shun Tseng,Che Lin,Li-Sheng Chen,Shou-Tung Chen,Shou-Jen Kuo,Dar-Ren Chen 한국유방암학회 2012 Journal of breast cancer Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and prognostic significance of adjuvant tamoxifen in breast cancer patients with various hormone receptor statuses. Methods: Typically, 1,260 female breast cancer patients were recruited in this study. The correlation between estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) phenotypes and clinical characteristics was investigated, and the survival rate was assessed after 5-year follow-up. Results: The 5-year overall survival (85%) was better in women under the age of 50 years. Patients with ER+/PR+ tumors had a better 5-year survival rate (94%); those with ER-/PR- tumors experienced the worst outcome (74% survival rate); whereas singlepositive cases were in between. In 97 out of 128 patients with ER-/PR+ tumors, tamoxifen was given as adjuvant hormonal therapy, and it increased the survival benefit in the lower grade group in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). Conclusion: For high-grade tumors with ER-/PR+, adjuvant tamoxifen therapy may have no survival benefit, whereas for the patients with low-grade ER-/PR+ tumors, adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is highly suggestive.

Increased Serotonin Signaling Contributes to the Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Tumor Cells Under Metabolic Stress and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice

Jiang, Shu-Heng,Li, Jun,Dong, Fang-Yuan,Yang, Jian-Yu,Liu, De-Jun,Yang, Xiao-Mei,Wang, Ya-Hui,Yang, Min-Wei,Fu, Xue-Liang,Zhang, Xiao-Xin,Li, Qing,Pang, Xiu-Feng,Huo, Yan-Miao,Li, Jiao,Zhang, Jun-Feng Elsevier 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.1

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine functions that contributes to tumorigenesis. We investigated the role of 5-HT signaling in the growth of pancreatic tumors.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We measured the levels of proteins that regulate 5-HT synthesis, packaging, and degradation in pancreata from Kras<SUP>G12D/+</SUP>/Trp53<SUP>R172H/+</SUP>/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, as well as in PDAC cell lines and a tissue microarray containing 81 human PDAC samples. We also analyzed expression levels of proteins involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation by immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 311 PDAC specimens, and associated expression levels with patient survival times. 5-HT level in 14 matched PDAC tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed by ELISA. PDAC cell lines were incubated with 5-HT and cell survival and apoptosis were measured. We analyzed expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in PDAC cells and effects of receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as HTR2B knockdown with small hairpin RNAs. We determined the effects of 5-HT stimulation on gene expression profiles of BxPC-3 cells. Regulation of glycolysis by 5-HT signaling via HTR2B was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as by determination of the extracellular acid ratio, glucose consumption, and lactate production. Primary PDACs, with or without exposure to SB204741 (a selective antagonist of HTR2B), were grown as xenograft tumors in mice, and SB204741 was administered to tumor-bearing KPC mice; tumor growth and metabolism were measured by imaging analyses.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of PDAC specimens, increased levels of TPH1 and decreased level of MAOA, which regulate 5-HT synthesis and degradation, correlated with stage and size of PDACs and shorter patient survival time. We found levels of 5-HT to be increased in human PDAC tissues compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, and PDAC cell lines compared with non-transformed pancreatic cells. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with 5-HT increased proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Agonists of HTR2B, but not other 5-HT receptors, promoted proliferation and prevented apoptosis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of HTR2B in PDAC cells, or incubation of cells with HTR2B inhibitors, reduced their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. We observed a correlation between 5-HT and glycolytic flux in PDAC cells; levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, the phosphate pentose pathway, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway increased significantly in PDAC cells following 5-HT stimulation. 5-HT stimulation led to formation of the HTR2B–LYN–p85 complex, which increased PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling and the Warburg effect by increasing protein levels of MYC and HIF1A. Administration of SB204741 to KPC mice slowed growth and metabolism of established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival of the mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Human PDACs have increased levels of 5-HT, and PDAC cells increase expression of its receptor, HTR2B. These increases allow for tumor glycolysis under metabolic stress and promote growth of pancreatic tumors and PDAC xenograft tumors in mice.</P>

N₂/O₂ 혼합가스중에서 전극형상 및 Teflon 수지 크기변화에 따른 연면절연파괴특성

양지항(Zhi-Heng Yang),박광서(Kwang-seo Park),최영길(Young-Kil Choi),박원주(Won-Zoo Park),이광식(Kwang-Sik Lee) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2010 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.9월

In this paper, proposed a basic data of the surface insulation breakdown characteristics in N₂/O₂ mixture gas with electrode shape and Teflon resin size. The used of the electrodes are sphere electrode to plane electrode and needle electrode to plane electrode in this experiment. The solid insulators are Teflon resin with the diameter by 70mm, 100mm, respectively. Used N₂/O₂ mixture rates of the Gas by 80%:20% in 1~6 pressure, Under the same conditions we can obtain different surface Insulation breakdown voltage.

OFDMA상향링크에서의 CFO,CIR의복합적 추청

양흥, 김익상 배재대학교 공학연구소 2011 공학논문집 Vol.13 No.1

Specially, in an OFDMA uplink, CFO(Carrier Frequency Offset), STO(Symbol Timing Offset), and CIR(Channel Impulse Response) cause degraded BER performance by distorting original transmitted symbols, which come from the frequency difference of local oscillators between mobile and base stations, different arrivals at base station of OFDMA symbol from each mobile station, and multi-path fading of different paths form mobile station to base station, respectively. In order to compensate the distorted symbol, CFO, STO, and CIR characteristics have to be known at first. In this paper, the estimate of CFO, STO, and CIR parameters is presented by using AP(Alternating Projection) method, where likelihood function is introduced so as to make it maximized by estimating CFO factors of mobile stations. Specially, the estimation error is reduced by considering the noise effect of likelihood function.

GATA2-Mediated Transcriptional Activation of Notch3 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Liver Metastasis

Heng Lin,Peng Hu,Hongyu Zhang,Yong Deng,Zhiqing Yang,Leida Zhang 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.5

The liver is the predominant metastatic site for pancreatic cancer. However, the factors that determine the liver metastasis and the specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we used human pancreatic cancer cell line Hs766T to establish Hs766T-L3, a subline of Hs766T with stable liver metastatic ability. We performed RNA sequencing of Hs766T-L3 and its parental cell line Hs766T, and revealed huge differences in gene expression patterns and pathway activation between these two cell lines. We correlated the difference in pathway activation with the expression of the four core transcriptional factors including STAT1, NR2F2, GATA2, and SMAD4. Using the TCGA database, we examined the relative expression of these transcription factors (TFs) in pan-cancer and their relationship with the prognosis of the pancreatic cancer. Among these TFs, we considered GATA2 is closely involved in tumor metastasis and may serve as a potential metastatic driver. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that GATA2-mediated transcriptional activation of Notch3 promotes the liver metastasis of Hs766T-L3, and knockdown of either GATA2 or Notch3 reduces the metastatic ability of Hs766T-L3. Therefore, we claim that GATA2 may serve as a metastatic driver of pancreatic cancer and a potential therapeutic target to treat liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer.