Continuous DC-CIK Infusions Restore CD8⁺ Cellular Immunity, Physical Activity and Improve Clinical Efficacy in Advanced Cancer Patients Unresponsive to Conventional Treatments

Zhao, Yan-Jie,Jiang, Ni,Song, Qing-Kun,Wu, Jiang-Ping,Song, Yu-Guang,Zhang, Hong-Mei,Chen, Feng,Zhou, Lei,Wang, Xiao-Li,Zhou, Xin-Na,Yang, Hua-Bing,Ren, Jun,Lyerly, Herbert Kim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Background: There are few choices for treatment of advanced cancer patients who do not respond to or tolerate conventional anti-cancer treatments. Therefore this study aimed to deploy the benefits and clinical efficacy of continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions in such patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 381 infusions (from 67 advanced cases recruited) were included in this study. All patients underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis for the following cellular therapy and dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells were expanded in vitro. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were quantified through flow cytometry to address the cellular immunity status. Clinical efficacy and physical activities were evaluated by RECIST criteria and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cellular infusions and clinical benefits. Results: An average of $5.7{\pm}2.94{\times}10^9$ induced cells were infused each time and patients were exposed to 6 infusions. Cellular immunity was improved in that cytotoxic $CD8^+CD28^+$ T lymphocytes were increased by 74% and suppressive $CD8^+CD28^-$ T lymphocytes were elevated by 16% (p<0.05). Continuous infusion of dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells was associated with improvement of both patient status and cellular immunity. A median of six infusions were capable of reducing risk of progression by 70% (95%CI 0.10-0.91). Every elevation of one ECOG score corresponded to a 3.90-fold higher progression risk (p<0.05) and 1% increase of $CD8^+CD28^-$ T cell proportion reflecting a 5% higher risk of progression (p<0.05). Conclusions: In advanced cancer patients, continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions are capable of recovering cellular immunity, improving patient status and quality of life in those who are unresponsive to conventional cancer treatment.

MUJI 디자인의 생태미학과 융합적 특성에 관한 연구

판옌니(Fan, Yan Ni),송만용(Song, Man Yong) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2021 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.39 No.2

이제 디자인에 있어 생산과 소비 측면의 의미가 달라지면서 소비 욕구를 부추기는 역할이 아닌 생태적 윤리성의 문제를 고려한 친환경적인 지속가능한 디자인에 대한 디자이너의 역할과 역량의 중요성이 더욱 부각되고 있는 실정이다. 특히 지구 온난화와 스모그(Smog) 등 환경문제는 특히 디자인 영역에서 생태미학적 사고를 자극시키고 있다. 이로 인해 하나의 디자인 방법론으로서 생태를 중심으로 한 디자인의 재해석과 자연과 공생하는 미학적 디자인의 접근법이 계속해서 대두되고 있다. 그러나 생태미학적 사상을 동양철학의 시각, 특히 선(禪)사상의 시각에서 보는 것은 새로운 관점이 아니기 때문에 고대의 생태철학적 지혜를 참고해야만 한다. 일본에서는 선사상이 독특하게도 와비·사비라는 심미적 의식으로 발달했다는 점이다. 만약 와비·사비와 선사상이 서로 연결되어 있다면 이는 곧 생태적 미학과도 결부되어 있음을 의미한다. 최근 MUJI의 디자인은 그 자체의 생태적 아름다움으로 인해 주목을 받고 있다. 그렇기에 본 연구의 목적은 MUJI 디자인에 나타난 생태미학적 특성을 고찰하고자 하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 선사상과 생태미학이 반영된 MUJI 디자인 사례를 연구대상으로 삼아 MUJI 디자인에 나타난 생태미학적 특성인 첫째, 디자인과 자연환경과의 일체화 둘째, 생태모방의 색채 디자인 셋째, 소재의 순환적 사용 넷째, 상품 사용주기의 지속가능성 다섯째, 생태반성(生態反思)의 다섯 가지의 특성을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 서양의 과학중심인 디자인 사고와는 다른 동양의 철학이 깃든 생태미학적 경향의 디자인 사고가 앞으로의 문제 해결 및 사회에서 절실하게 필요한 정신적 가치로 활용되기를 기대한다. Now, as the meaning of production and consumption in design changes, the role of the designer becomes more important. Besides how to stimulate consumption desire, they also need to consider ecological ethical issues. In particular, due to the severity of environmental problems such as the greenhouse and smog effect, These problems encourage designers to think about ecological aesthetics, especially in the field of design. Therefore, as an approach of design methodology, the reinterpretation of ecology-centered design and the aesthetic design method of symbiosis with nature are becoming the focus. However, from the perspective of Eastern philosophy, especially from the perspective of Zen thought, ecological aesthetics is not regarded as a brand-new point of view, thus it is necessary to refer to the wisdom of ancient ecological philosophy. In the process of Japanese development, a unique aesthetic consciousness of WABI·SABI has been formed, which has deeply influenced Japanese culture, art, and especially design field. If WABI·SABI is connected to Zen thought, it is also connected to ecological aesthetics. Recently, MUJI’s designs have come under the spotlight for the ecological beauty they exude. Therefore, this study focuses on MUJI design, which reflects Zen thought and ecological aesthetics, and proposes five ecological aesthetic characteristics emerging from MUJI design: First, integration of design and natural environment, Second, bionic color design, Third, recycling of materials, Fourth, sustainability of commodity life cycle design, Fifth, ecological reflection. This study is different from the western science-centered design thinking. It is hoped that the design thinking with the ecological aesthetic tendency of eastern philosophy can become a reference to solve the problems of ecological design in the future, and enhance the spiritual value of sociality in design.

MUJI 디자인의 지속가능한 생태융합적 특성에 관한 연구

판옌니(Fan, Yan Ni),송만용(Song, Man Yong) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2021 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.39 No.4

오늘날 유엔의 SDGs프로그램에서도 볼 수 있듯이, 생태적 위기와 환경 문제는 지속 가능적 사고에 대한 관심을 증대시키고 있다. 이제 건축뿐만 아니라 디자인에서도 생태적 윤리성을 고려한 디자이너의 역할이 중요해졌다. 그래서 본 소고는 지속가능한 디자인에 주목하고자 한다. 그러나 생태학의 지속 가능적 관점은 서양의 인간 중심적이기보다는 동양철학의 인류와 자연이 조화롭게 지내는 세계 특히 선(禪)사상과 매우 밀접하다. 즉 선사상의 ‘자연무위(自然無為)’, ‘생생불식(生生不息)’, ‘유무상생(有無相生)’, ‘만물동정(萬物同情)’ 개념과 유사하기 때문이다. 더욱이 선사상은 일본의 ‘와비·사비’로 나타나게 되었고 이것이 일본디자인 특히 MUJI 디자인에 많은 영향을 주고 있다. 그리하여 본 연구의 목적은 선사상과 MUJI 디자인에 나타난 지속가능한 생태적 특성을 고찰하는 것이다. 그래서 본 연구는 먼저 문헌연구를 통해 선사상이 일본 디자인에 적용된 원인을 살펴본 뒤, 동양 선사상의 자연관과 지속가능성과의 공통점과 차이점을 비교한다. 다음으로 “와비·사비”의 특징과 지속가능한 디자인의 개념화를 시도한다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자연적인 행위에 부합하는 디자인. 둘째, 전형적인 디자인. 셋째, 폐기물을 활용한 리디자인. 넷째, 전통 민예에 근거한 디자인의 네 가지의 특성으로 제시할 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 MUJI 디자인을 넘어 인간과 생태환경, 그리고 디자인이 자연스럽게 공존하고 융합된 디자인이 확대되길 기대한다. It can also be seen from the current UN SDGs plan that ecological crises and environmental issues have increased attention to sustainable thinking. Nowadays, not only architecture, but also the role of designers who consider ecological ethics in design is becoming more and more important. Therefore, the research will focus on sustainable designing. However, the ecological sustainability view is not so much the human center of the West, as it is the world that is in harmony with the human and nature of Eastern philosophy, especially Zen thought. That is, it is similar to the concepts of “Natural inaction(自然無為)”, “life and growth in nature(生生不息)”, “Existence and nonexistence give birth to one another(有無相生)”, and “Compassion for All Things(萬物同情)” in Zen thought. In particular, Zen thought appeared in the form of Japanese “WABI·SABI”, which had a great influence on Japanese design, especially MUJI design. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the sustainable ecological characteristics of Zen thought and MUJI design. Firstly explores the reasons why Zen thought was applied to Japanese design through literature researches, and then compares the common and different points of nature view and sustainability of Oriental Zen thought, finally tries to conceptualize the character and sustainable design of “WABI·SABI”. According to the current research status, the research on the sustainable characteristics of MUJI design is not enough. The research results are as follows. This study will propose four sustainable ecological characteristics embodied in MUJI design: design that conforms to natural behavior, typical design, redesigning employing waste, and the traditional folk art design. Based on the results of such research, we look forward to the emergence of designs that go beyond MUJI design, expand the human and ecological environment, and design the coexistence and integration of nature.

A novel panel of serum miR-21/miR-155/miR-365 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer

Ji-Guang Han,Yong-Dong Jiang,Chun-Hui Zhang,Yan-Mei Yang,Da Pang,Yan-Ni Song,Guo-Qiang Zhang 대한외과학회 2017 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.92 No.2

Purpose: Insufficient sensitivity and specificity prevent the use of most existing biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. Recently, it was reported that serum microRNAs (miRNAs) may be potential biomarkers in many cancer diseases. In this study, we investigated whether serum levels of 5 miRNAs including miR-21, miR-125b, miR-145, miR-155, and miR-365 could discriminate breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Methods: Serum levels of miRNAs were measured by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 99 breast cancer patients and 21 healthy controls. The abundance change of serum miRNAs were also evaluated following surgical resection in 20 breast cancer patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers. Results: Serum levels of miR-21 and miR-155 was significantly higher, while miR-365 was significantly lower in breast cancer as compared with healthy controls. The serum levels of miR-21 and miR-155 significantly decreased following surgical resection. Additionally, the serum level of miR-155 at stages I and II was significantly higher compared to stage III. The serum miR-145 level was remarkably higher in progesterone receptor (PR)-positive patients than PR-negative. The positivity of miR-21, miR-155, and miR-365 was high compared to CA 153 and CEA in breast cancer. ROC curve analyses of a combination of miR-21, miR-155, and miR-365 yielded much higher area under curve and enhanced sensitivity and specificity in comparison to each miRNA alone. Conclusion: The combination of serum miR-21/miR-155/miR-365 may potentially serve as a sensitive and specific biomarker that enables differentiation of breast cancer from healthy controls.