Synthesis of Mesoporous Polyaniline (PANI)-Se_0.5Te_0.5 Dual-Layer Film from Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Template

Xue, Tong,Wang, Xin,Kwak, Sang Kyu,Lee, Jong-Min American Chemical Society 2013 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.52 No.14

<P>Mesoporous dual layers of polyaniline (PANI) supported selenium–tellurium (Se<SUB>0.5</SUB>Te<SUB>0.5</SUB>) films have been synthesized from lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) template with Brij56 surfactant. The optical texture of LLC is observed by polarized optical microscopy (POM). The structure of the dual-layer film is characterized by low-angle and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The band gap of Se<SUB>0.5</SUB>Te<SUB>0.5</SUB>/PANI dual-layer films was estimated to be 0.9 eV, and the band gap of Se<SUB>0.5</SUB>Te<SUB>0.5</SUB> films was calculated to be 1.4 eV, indicating that the incorporation of PANI into Se<SUB>0.5</SUB>Te<SUB>0.5</SUB> enhances its electron transfer.</P>

TMD ROCKING REGIONAL STABILITY

( Xue Tong Yan ) 한국국방연구원 1999 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.11 No.1

Defining Peace: Peace vs. Security

( Xue Tong Yan ) 한국국방연구원 2004 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.16 No.1

One of the most popular beliefs in the modern world is that peace means security. Meanwhile many wars have been fought for the sake of security at the price of peace. The article argues that the state of security differs in terms of the degree of security. Peace is only one state of security, along with the other two states of security: war and neither-peace-nor-war. Peace comprises four degrees of security: no security, partial security, fair security and absolute security. These inherent characteristics of peace, explain why people substitute peace for war. As a social phenomenon, peace shares some common characteristics with war. Peace is an objective sought by man as well as a means used by man. Therefore, the justice of peace is determined by human concepts rather than by peace per se. These social characteristics of peace explain why peace has no superior justice over war. In terms of the social qualities of peace, it is clear that peace is an objective that people hope to achieve, but it is not the highest one for national security. Therefore, we should not confuse "peace" with "security." Peace is one way to resolve conflict but not necessarily the most efficient way. Accordingly, we should take care not to regard "maintaining peace" as the essential approach to strengthening national security. Peace as a criterion for justice is true only in some situations; peace achieved through power politics is an injustice.

메타버스 기반 체험형 전시를 위한 UX디자인 평가요인 분석

손설동(Xue Tong Sun),정정호(Jung Ho Jung) 한국디자인리서치학회 2023 한국디자인리서치 Vol.8 No.4

아동의 정보인지를 위한 드로잉 앱 UI디자인 분석

손설동 ( Sun Xue-tong ),정정호 ( Jung Jung-ho ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2023 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.84 No.-

본 연구는 정보인지 디자인 요소를 기반으로 아동에게 적합한 드로잉 앱의 인터페이스 디자인을 분석하고 디자인 방향을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 2~7세 아동 대상 중국 애플 앱스토어의 아동 카테고리 100위권 내 5개 아동 드로잉 앱의 회화 인터페이스 요소 및 정보인지 디자인 요소를 도출한 후 사례 조사 및 분석을 진행한다. 사례분석 결과 인터페이스의 주요 기능 레이아웃의 강조, 아이콘의 명확하고 구분할 수 있는 색상 필요, 드로잉 작업영역 내 불필요한 아이콘 배제 등이 제안되었다. 이를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 인터페이스의 주요 요소 간의 주요 콘텐츠의 레이아웃을 강조하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 아이콘 디자인은 단순한 기호와 아동의 생활 속에서 쉽게 볼 수 있는 그래픽을 활용해야 한다. 셋째, 드로잉 작업영역에 불필요한 아이콘 배치는 피해야 한다. 넷째, 색상 설계는 색상의 비율에 주의하고, 식별할 수 있는 채도와 명도를 선택해야 한다. 본 연구를 통해 아동의 시각적 정보인지에 보다 부합하는 사용자 중심 인터페이스 디자인을 제공하여 아동의 콘텐츠 사용에 대한 이해력과 조작 편의성을 향상할 수 있기를 기대한다. The aim of this research is to scrutinize the interface design of a drawing application tailored to children's needs, using information cognitive design elements as a framework and to propose a viable design direction. Predominantly centered around visual information cognitive design elements, this study conducts a case investigation and analysis through the lens of conversation interface elements. This examination uses five children's drawing applications, suitable for children aged 2 to 7 years old, that fall within the top 100 of the children's category in the Apple App Store in China. The results of the case study showed that the main functional layout of the interface was emphasized, the need to clearly distinguish the colors of icons, and the exclusion of unnecessary icons in the drawing work area were suggested. Based on this, the following insights were drawn. First, the layout of the main content between the main elements of the interface needs to be emphasized. Secondly, icon design should utilize simple symbols and images that are easily visible in children's lives. Third, avoid placing unnecessary icons in the drawing work area. Fourth, the color design should pay attention to the color ratio and choose recognizable color and brightness. It is hoped that this study will provide a user-centered interface design that is more in line with children's visual information perception and improve children's comprehension and ease of operation in using the content.

메타버스 기반의 체험형 전시 APP을 위한 UX디자인 평가요인 체계화 연구

손설동 ( Sun Xue Tong ),정정호 ( Jung Jungho ) 한국기초조형학회 2023 한국기초조형학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.1

Environmental Sciences ; Roles of Sulfur in the Arsenic Tolerant Plant Adiantum capillus-veneris and the Hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata

( Xue Wen Li ),( Mei Lei ),( Tong Bin Chen ),( Xiao Ming Wan ) 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.5

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and F-box Proteins in Pathogenic Fungi

( Tong Bao Liu ),( Chao Yang Xue ) 한국균학회 2011 Mycobiology Vol.39 No.4

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is one of the major protein turnover mechanisms that plays important roles in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions. It is composed of E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 ubiquitin ligases that transfer ubiquitin to the substrates that are subjected to degradation in the 26S proteasome. The Skp1, Cullin, F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligases are the largest E3 gene family, in which the F-box protein is the key component to determine substrate specificity. Although the SCF E3 ligase and its F-box proteins have been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, only limited studies have been reported on the role of F-box proteins in other fungi. Recently, a number of studies revealed that F-box proteins are required for fungal pathogenicity. In this communication, we review the current understanding of F-box proteins in pathogenic fungi.

Mutational Analysis of Key EGFR Pathway Genes in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients

Tong, Lin,Yang, Xue-Xi,Liu, Min-Feng,Yao, Guang-Yu,Dong, Jian-Yu,Ye, Chang-Sheng,Li, Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment; however, its use does not lead to a marked clinical response. Studies of non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer showed that mutations of genes in the PIK3CA/AKT and RAS/RAF/MEK pathways, two major signalling cascades downstream of EGFR, might predict resistance to EGFR-targeted agents. Therefore, we examined the frequencies of mutations in these key EGFR pathway genes in Chinese breast cancer patients. Methods: We used a high-throughput mass-spectrometric based cancer gene mutation profiling platform to detect 22 mutations of the PIK3CA, AKT1, BRAF, EGFR, HRAS, and KRAS genes in 120 Chinese women with breast cancer. Results: Thirteen mutations were detected in 12 (10%) of the samples, all of which were invasive ductal carcinomas (two stage I, six stage II, three stage III, and one stage IV). These included one mutation (0.83%) in the EGFR gene (rs121913445-rs121913432), three (2.50%) in the KRAS gene (rs121913530, rs112445441), and nine (7.50%) in the PIK3CA gene (rs121913273, rs104886003, and rs121913279). No mutations were found in the AKT1, BRAF, and HRAS genes. Six (27.27%) of the 22 genotyping assays called mutations in at least one sample and three (50%) of the six assays queried were found to be mutated more than once. Conclusions: Mutations in the EGFR pathway occurred in a small fraction of Chinese breast cancers. However, therapeutics targeting these potential predictive markers should be investigated in depth, especially in Oriental populations.

Expression and Function of GSTA1 in Lung Cancer Cells

Pan, Xue-Diao,Yang, Zhou-Ping,Tang, Qi-Ling,Peng, Tong,Zhang, Zheng-Bing,Zhou, Si-Gui,Wang, Gui-Xiang,He, Bing,Zang, Lin-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1) appears to be primarily involved in detoxification processes, but possible roles in lung cancer remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and function of GSTA1 in lung cancer cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to assess expression in cancer cell lines and the normal lung cells, then verify the A549 cells line with stable overexpression. Localization of GSTA1 proteins was assessed by cytoimmunofluorescence. Three double-strand DNA oligoRNAs (SiRNAs) were synthesized prior to being transfected into A549 cells with Lipofectamine 2000, and then the most efficient SiRNA was selected. Expression of the GSTA1 gene in the transfected cells was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The viability of the transfected cells were assessed by MTT. Results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of A549 cancer cells was higher than in MRC-5 normal cells. Cytoimmunofluorescence demonstrated GSTA1 localization in the cell cytoplasm and/or membranes. Transfection into A549 cells demonstrated that down-regulated expression could inhibit cell viability. Our data indicated that GSTA1 expression may be a target molecule in early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.