Non-volatile, Li-doped ion gel electrolytes for flexible WO₃-based electrochromic devices

Yun, Tae Yong,Li, Xinlin,Bae, Jaehyun,Kim, Se Hyun,Moon, Hong Chul Elsevier 2019 Materials & Design Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on Li-doped ion gels and tungsten trioxide (WO<SUB>3</SUB>) are demonstrated. Colored ECDs cannot be produced using conventional ion gels comprised of copolymers and room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) due to a lack of cations that can be inserted into WO<SUB>3</SUB>. Based on considerations of the coloration mechanism, we developed Li-doped ion gels and applied these to devices. The effects of Li salt concentration are systematically examined, with respect to device dynamics, coloration efficiency, and transmittance contrast. In addition, the coloration/bleaching switching stability of the ECD produced using optimal Li salt content is investigated. The ECD exhibits distinct colored and bleached states even after 24 h operation in air. Using the described Li-doped ion gel electrolytes, flexible WO<SUB>3</SUB> ECDs were successfully demonstrated with good bending stability and no electrolyte leakage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Non-volatile, Li-doped ion gel electrolytes are designed for flexible WO<SUB>3</SUB>-based ECDs. </LI> <LI> ECDs exhibit low voltage operation (–0.9 V) and large transmittance contrast (~85%) between colored and bleached states. </LI> <LI> Electrolyte leakage is not observed in flexible ECDs containing Li-doped gel electrolyte when bending deformation is applied. </LI> <LI> Flexible ECDs maintain ~90.3 and ~84.5% of initial optical transmittance and coloration efficiency after 1000 bending tests. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Dual-Function Electrochromic Supercapacitors Displaying Real-Time Capacity in Color

Yun, Tae Yong,Li, Xinlin,Kim, Se Hyun,Moon, Hong Chul American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.50

<P>Dual-function electrochromic supercapacitors (ECSs) that indicate their real-time charge capacity in color are fabricated using tungsten trioxide (WO<SUB>3</SUB>) and Li-doped ion gels containing hydroquinone (HQ). The ECSs can simultaneously serve as either electrochromic devices or supercapacitors. The coloration/bleaching and charging/discharging characteristics are investigated between 0 and −1.5 V. At the optimal HQ concentration, large transmittance contrast (∼91%), high coloration efficiency (∼61.9 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/C), high areal capacitance (∼13.6 mF/cm<SUP>2</SUP>), and good charging/discharging cyclic stability are achieved. Flexible ECSs are fabricated on plastic substrates by exploiting the elastic characteristics of the gel electrolytes, and they exhibit good bending durability. Moreover, practical feasibility is evaluated by demonstrating the use of the ECSs as an energy storage device and a power source.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Direct writing of silver nanowire electrodes via dragging mode electrohydrodynamic jet printing for organic thin film transistors

Li, Xinlin,Lee, Gyu Sung,Park, So Hyun,Kong, Hoyoul,An, Tae Kyu,Kim, Se Hyun Elsevier 2018 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.62 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>AgNWs-based electrodes were directly patterned using an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technique. We investigated EHD jet printing for AgNWs ink in detail, and established the optimum printing conditions in dragging mode for controlling the dimensions and conductivity of the AgNWs network, although the cone-jet printing mode has been the most conventionally used mode for EHD jet printing. The printed AgNWs were used as source/drain (S/D) electrodes of an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) with bottom-contact geometry, and yielded an average field-effect mobility (<I>μ</I> <SUB>FET</SUB>), threshold voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB>th</SUB>) and on/off current ratio (<I>I</I> <SUB>on</SUB>/<I>I</I> <SUB>off</SUB>) of 0.48 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V, −11.2 V, and ∼10<SUP>6</SUP>, respectively. In addition, we investigate the interface morphologies between pentacene and AgNWs S/D electrode to figure out charge carrier injection property of AgNWs S/D electrode, by comparing vacuum-deposited Au ones.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigated electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing for silver nanowires (AgNW) ink. </LI> <LI> The optimum printing mode can control the dimensions and conductivity of AgNW network. </LI> <LI> EHD-jet-printed AgNWs were used as the electrodes of pentacene OTFTs. </LI> <LI> AgNW-based OTFTs showed a μ<SUB>FET</SUB> of 0.48 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V, 100 times that of gold-based OTFTs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

High resolution patterning of Ag nanowire flexible transparent electrode via electrohydrodynamic jet printing of acrylic polymer-silicate nanoparticle composite overcoating layer

Li, Xinlin,Park, Heonkuk,Lee, Myeong Hoon,Hwang, Byungil,Kim, Se Hyun,Lim, Sooman Elsevier 2018 Organic electronics Vol.62 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, 5-μm scale patterns of silver nanowires (AgNWs) flexible transparent electrode was successfully demonstrated by using a high resolution electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing process. By optimizing the EHD jet printing parameters such as working distance and applied voltage, a mechanically flexible and robust acrylic polymer-silicate nanoparticle composite resin (iGloss<SUP>®</SUP>, in short IG) was printed on the AgNWs electrodes via EHD jet printing with a 5-μm-line-width, which, in turn, allowed us to fabricate the finely patterned AgNWs electrodes by removing the AgNWs under the un-covered region by IG. The EHD jet-printed AgNWs/IG electrodes showed the excellent optoelectronic properties, showing the optical transmittance of ∼90% and electrical conductivity of ∼45 ohms/sq. Furthermore, the IG-resin coated AgNWs electrode exhibited superior stabilities when placed under the severe bending, scratch and dipping tests in water and isopropyl alcohol due to the robustness of the IG.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The stable cone-jet mode via EHD printing process achieved with 1.65 kV of applied voltage at 800 μm of working distance. </LI> <LI> Successfully able to fabricate a 5 μm of line width AgNW electrode. </LI> <LI> A coating of IG enhanced the mechanical reliability and chemical resistance of Ag nanowire networks. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing of carbon-black composites for solution-processed organic field-effect transistors

Li, Xinlin,Go, Myeongjong,Lim, Sooman,An, Tae Kyu,Jeong, Yong Jin,Kim, Se Hyun Elsevier 2019 Organic electronics Vol.73 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, carbon-black (CB) conductive electrodes were successfully printed using the high-resolution electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technique. The wrapping of CB bundles with a polymeric surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100), enabled the CB/TX-100 composites to well disperse in ethanol/deionized water for use in the preparation of conductive inks for EHD jet printing. By adjusting the voltage and operation distance, the applied electrostatic and gravity forces to the loaded CB/TX-100 inks overcame the fluid forces (viscosity and surface tension) to elongate the droplet and provide continuous jet lines, where the ink widths were smaller than the diameter of the nozzle. The EHD-printed CB/TX-100 in the stable cone-jet mode formed conductive lines and various pattern shapes. These conductive lines were utilized as source and drain electrodes of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with solution-processed organic semiconductors. The OFET with printed CB/TX-100 electrodes exhibited better electrical performances, including a higher saturation mobility and smaller hysteresis, than those of the reference OFET with Au electrodes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Carbon black/Triton X-100 surfactant composite solutions are prepared for EHD printing. </LI> <LI> CB patterns are successfully printed under stable cone-jet and exhibit good conductivity. </LI> <LI> OFETs with EHD-printed CB exhibited better performances with negligible hysteresis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Highly stable flexible organic field-effect transistors with Parylene-C gate dielectrics on a flexible substrate

Kwon, Hyeok-jin,Ye, Heqing,An, Tae Kyu,Hong, Jisu,Park, Chan Eon,Choi, Yongseon,Shin, Seongjun,Lee, Jihoon,Kim, Se Hyun,Li, Xinlin Elsevier 2019 Organic electronics Vol.75 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Poly(chloro-p-xylene), or Parylene-C, is a polymeric insulating material that has good physical and chemical properties, such as a high dielectric strength, a pin-free surface, and good mechanical/chemical stability, but is difficult to apply to top-contact-structured OFETs since its hydrophobic and very rough surfaces hinder the growth of organic semiconductor crystals and promote the formation of interface traps. Herein, we applied a blend of PS and TIPS-PEN dissolved in 1,2,3,4 tetrahydronaphthalene to overcome these limitations of Parylene-C. To confirm the influence of this system, we analyzed the morphologies of crystals grown on Parylene-C surfaces modified by various organic and polymer materials, including methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, hexamethyldisilazane, and dimethylchlorosilane-terminated polystyrene. Our investigation showed the ability of the PS:TIPS-PEN blend system to be used to overcome the above-described limitations of Parylene-C, and to manufacture top-contact OFETs displaying stable operation under gate-bias stress. Notably, we applied Parylene-C and this blend system in practical flexible OFETs that displayed highly stable properties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Parylene-C film fabricated by CVD methods is characterized as gate insulating materials. </LI> <LI> Bottom gate top contact OFETs on hard/flexible substrate fabricated with TIPS-PEN: PS blend system and CVD based Parylene-C are reported. </LI> <LI> Morphological structure of TIPS-PEN is investigated using the tools including CPOM, SEM, AFM and 2D-GIXD. </LI> <LI> The OFETs show the mobility of 0.32, and 0.21 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/V in hard and flexible device type with negligible hysteresis both case. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Advanced thin gas barriers film incorporating alternating structure of PEALD-based Al₂O₃/organic-inorganic nanohybrid layers

Jang, Jin Hyuk,Kim, Nahae,Li, Xinlin,An, Tae Kyu,Kim, Juyoung,Kim, Se Hyun Elsevier 2019 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.475 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we reported excellent plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD)-based Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/organic-inorganic (O-I) nanohybrid gas barrier film which exhibits ultralow water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), high activation energy for permeation, high optical transmission in visible light and sufficient flexibility. The values of WVTR and activation energy for permeation of our PEALD-based Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/O-I nanohybrid 4 pair gas barrier film are obtained to be 7.83 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> g/m<SUP>2</SUP>/day (60 °C, 90% RH) and 103.10 kJ/mol via the electrical calcium test. Optical transmission in visible light is 96.14% and critical bending radius 7 mm–9 mm. Introduction of O-I nanohybrid layers between PEALD-based Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layers improved the properties of gas barrier films on anticorrosion, adhesion, and flexibility.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We demonstrated excellent Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/organic-inorganic (O-I) nanohybrid gas barrier film. </LI> <LI> This barrier film provides good adhesion between O-I nanohybrid and Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> layers. </LI> <LI> This flexible and transparent film exhibits ultralow WVTR (7.83 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP> g/m<SUP>2</SUP>/day). </LI> </UL> </P>

Printed Water-Based ITO Nanoparticle via Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Jet Printing and Its Application of ZnO Transistors

Xinlin Li,Eun Mi Jung,Ki Seung Kim,Jeong Hyun Oh,Tae Kyu An,Seung Woo Lee,Se Hyun Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2019 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.15 No.5

An electrohydrodynamic jet (EHD) printing process was optimized for the patterning of an indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticlesink by manipulating its surface tension through the addition of a nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100). Asa result, a stable cone-jet mode was performed, which could provide printed drops with the smallest diameter and printingfidelity among EHD jet printing modes, and lead to a line width ranging from 230 μm to 30 μm in addition to well-definepatterns with various shapes for ITO transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). The multi-printing technique and subsequentthermal annealing for printed ITO TCEs allows improvement in its electrical conductivity. In addition, the evolutionof the chemical composition and crystalline structure of the printed ITO TCE according to the annealing temperature wasinvestigated to determine the optimal conditions to utilize printed ITO nanoparticles for ZnO-based thin-film transistors.

Direct-patterned copper/poly(ethylene oxide) composite electrodes for organic thin-film transistors through cone-jet mode by electrohydrodynamic jet printing

Xinlin Li,Hyeok-jin Kwon,Xueqin Zhang,Ho Kwang Choi,Sooman Lim,Tae-Wook Kim,Se Hyun Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.85 No.-

Direct-patterned Cu-based conductive electrodes were printed through electrohydodynamic (EHD) jetprinting via cone-jet mode. The introduction of a capping agent in the synthesis of the Cu ink limitedexcessive conductivity, which enabled the pristine Cu ink to achieve the various printing modes of EHDjet printing: dripping, micro-dripping, cone-jet, and multi-jet. We also obtained optimal printingconditions by adjusting the viscosity by adding poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to the pristine Cu inks,resulting in well-defined printing patterns. The optimized PEO content in the ink was determined tobe10 wt%, which gave us a stable cone-jet mode and well-defined Cu/PEO composite electrode lineswith sharp edges. We utilized the Cu/PEO composite electrode lines as source and drain and atriisopropylsilylethynyl (TIPS)–pentacene/PS blend as the active layer for bottom-gate bottom-contactorganicfield-effect transistors (OFETs). The resulting devices exhibited an averagefield-effect mobility(mFET), threshold voltage (Vth), and on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 0.253 cm2/V, 0.253 V, and106,respectively.

Identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs related to oxidative stress in the jejunum of piglets

Li Jinbao,Zhang Jianmin,Jin Xinlin,Li Shiyin,Du Yingbin,Zeng Yongqing,Wang Jin,Chen Wei 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2

Objective: Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological process arising from the excessive production of free radicals in the body. It has the potential to alter animal gene expression and cause damage to the jejunum. However, there have been few reports of changes in the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the jejunum in piglets under OS. The purpose of this research was to examine how lncRNAs in piglet jejunum change under OS. Methods: The abdominal cavities of piglets were injected with diquat (DQ) to produce OS. Raw reads were downloaded from the SRA database. RNA-seq was utilized to study the expression of lncRNAs in piglets under OS. Additionally, six randomly selected lncRNAs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR) to examine the mechanism of oxidative damage. Results: A total of 79 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) in the treatment group compared to the negative control group. The target genes of DE lncRNAs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. Chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species, the Foxo signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, and the AMPK signaling pathway were all linked to OS. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that DQ-induced OS causes differential expression of lncRNAs, laying the groundwork for future research into the processes involved in the jejunum’s response to OS.