Benzidine Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Activation of ERK5 Pathway

Xin Sun,Tao Zhang,Qifei Deng,Qirui Zhou,Xianchao Sun,Enlai Li,Dexin Yu,Caiyun Zhong 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.3

Benzidine, a known carcinogen, is closely associated with the development of bladder cancer (BC). Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical pathophysiological process in BC progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, especially extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5), in regulating benzidine-induced EMT remains unclarified. Hence, two human bladder cell lines, T24 and EJ, were utilized in our study. Briefly, cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Quantitative PCR and western blot were utilized to determine both gene expressions as well as protein levels of EMT and MAPK, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected to further determine ERK5 function. As a result, the migration and invasion abilities were enhanced, epithelial marker ex-pression was decreased while mesenchymal marker expression was increased in human BC cell lines. Meanwhile, benzidine administration led to activation of ERK5 and activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins, without effective stimulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 pathways. Moreover, Benzidine-induced EMT and ERK5 activation were completely suppressed by XMD8-92 and siRNAs specific to ERK5. Of note, ERK1/2 was acti-vated in benzidine-treated T24 cells, while benzidine-induced EMT could not be reversed by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, as indicated by further study. Collectively, our findings revealed that ERK5-mediated EMT was critically involved in benzidine-correlated BC progression, indicating the therapeutic significance of ERK5 in benzidine-related BC.

Parthenolide-Induced Apoptosis, Autophagy and Suppression of Proliferation in HepG2 Cells

Sun, Jing,Zhang, Chan,Bao, Yong-Li,Wu, Yin,Chen, Zhong-Liang,Yu, Chun-Lei,Huang, Yan-Xin,Sun, Ying,Zheng, Li-Hua,Wang, Xue,Li, Yu-Xin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.12

Purpose: To investigate the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of parthenolide on HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and cell apoptosis through DAPI, TUNEL staining and Western blotting. Monodansylcadaverin(MDC) and AO staining were used to detect cell autophagy. Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki67 immunofluorescence staining. Results: Parthenolide induced growth inhibition in HepG2 cells. DAPI and TUNEL staining showed that parthenolide could increase the number of apoptotic nuclei, while reducing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and elevating the expression of related proteins, like p53, Bax, cleaved caspase9 and cleaved caspase3. Parthenolide could induce autophagy in HepG2 cells and inhibited the expression of proliferation-related gene, Ki-67. Conclusions: Parthenolide can exert anti-cancer effects by inducing cell apoptosis, activating autophagy and inhibiting cell proliferation.

Benzidine Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Bladder Cancer Cells through Activation of ERK5 Pathway

Sun, Xin,Zhang, Tao,Deng, Qifei,Zhou, Qirui,Sun, Xianchao,Li, Enlai,Yu, Dexin,Zhong, Caiyun Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.3

Benzidine, a known carcinogen, is closely associated with the development of bladder cancer (BC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical pathophysiological process in BC progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, especially extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5), in regulating benzidine-induced EMT remains unclarified. Hence, two human bladder cell lines, T24 and EJ, were utilized in our study. Briefly, cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay, and cell invasion was determined by Transwell assay. Quantitative PCR and western blot were utilized to determine both gene expressions as well as protein levels of EMT and MAPK, respectively. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected to further determine ERK5 function. As a result, the migration and invasion abilities were enhanced, epithelial marker expression was decreased while mesenchymal marker expression was increased in human BC cell lines. Meanwhile, benzidine administration led to activation of ERK5 and activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins, without effective stimulation of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 pathways. Moreover, Benzidine-induced EMT and ERK5 activation were completely suppressed by XMD8-92 and siRNAs specific to ERK5. Of note, ERK1/2 was activated in benzidine-treated T24 cells, while benzidine-induced EMT could not be reversed by U0126, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, as indicated by further study. Collectively, our findings revealed that ERK5-mediated EMT was critically involved in benzidine-correlated BC progression, indicating the therapeutic significance of ERK5 in benzidine-related BC.

The Application of Pecking Order Theory in the West and China

Yu-Xin Sun 한국유통과학회 2015 한국유통과학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

The pecking order theory in the western developed market economies has been sufficiently validated, but there is "abnormal pecking order" phenomenon in China’s listed companies. The reason is that China’s market economy is imperfect, and the cost of equity is lower. Local government has given a lot of policies and tax incentives, and the cost of equity financing is too low which leads to the result that pecking order can not be achieved. China should follow the appropriate laws and regulations to take the industry regulatory instruments and set industry barriers to some industries. Therefore, several companies whose aggregate demand is relatively optimal can not form oligopoly. Furthermore, we should set the industry barriers to realize a reasonable allocation of resources.

Comparison of Liver Transplantation and Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Type I and Type II

Jia-Yu Lv,Ning-Ning Zhang,Ya-Wei Du,Ying Wu,Tian-Qiang Song,Ya-Min Zhang,Yan Qu,Yu-Xin Liu,Jie Gu,Ze-Yu Wang,Yi-Bo Qiu,Bing Yang,Da-Zhi Tian,Qing-Jun Guo,Li Zhang,Ji-San Sun,Yan Xie,Zheng-Lu Wang,Xin 연세대학교의과대학 2021 Yonsei medical journal Vol.62 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of liver transplantation (LT) and liver resection (LR) for hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and to investigate risk factors affecting prognosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 HCC patients with PVTT type I (segmental PVTT) and PVTT type II (lobar PVTT) were involvedand divided into LR (n=47) and LT groups (n=47). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were comparedbefore and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Prognostic factors for RFS and OS were explored. Results: Two treatment groups were well-balanced using IPTW. In the entire cohort, LT provided a better prognosis than LR. Among patients with PVTT type I, RFS was better with LT (p=0.039); OS was not different significantly between LT and LR(p=0.093). In subgroup analysis of PVTT type I patients with α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels >200 ng/mL, LT elicited significantly longermedian RFS (18.0 months vs. 2.1 months, p=0.022) and relatively longer median OS time (23.6 months vs. 9.8 months, p=0.065). Among patients with PVTT type II, no significant differences in RFS and OS were found between LT and LR (p=0.115 and 0.335,respectively). Multivariate analyses showed treatment allocation (LR), tumor size (>5 cm), AFP and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels to be risk factors of RFS and treatment allocation (LR), AFP and AST as risk factors for OS. Conclusion: LT appeared to afford a better prognosis for HCC with PVTT type I than LR, especially in patients with AFP levels>200 ng/mL.

BARRIER OPTION PRICING UNDER THE VASICEK MODEL OF THE SHORT RATE

Sun, Yu-dong,Shi, Yi-min,Gu, Xin The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.5

In this study, assume that the stock price obeys the stochastic differential equation driven by mixed fractional Brownian motion, and the short rate follows the Vasicek model. Then, the Black-Scholes partial differential equation is held by using fractional Ito formula. Finally, the pricing formulae of the barrier option are obtained by partial differential equation theory. The results of Black-Scholes model are generalized.

Study on an Optimal Control Method for Energy Injection Resonant AC/AC High Frequency Converters

Yu-Gang Su,Xin Dai,Zhi-Hui Wang,Chun-Sen Tang,Yue Sun 전력전자학회 2013 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.13 No.2

In energy injection resonant AC-AC converters, due to the low frequency effect of the AC input envelope and the low energy injection losses requirement, the constant and steady control of the high frequency AC output envelope is still a problem that has not been solved very well. With the aid of system modeling, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the envelope pit on the resonant AC current. The computing methods for the critical damping point, the falling time and the bottom value of the envelope pit are presented as well. Furthermore, this paper concludes the stability precondition of the system AC output. Accordingly, an optimal control method for the AC output envelope is put forward based on the envelope prediction model. This control method can predict system responses dynamically under different series of control decisions. In addition, this control method can select best series of control decisions to make the AC output envelope stable and constant. Simulation and experimental results for a contactless power transfer system verify the control method.

Design of 1500V solar inverter stack beyond megawatt in NPC1 topology

Xin Hao,Kwok-Wai Ma,Jia Zhao,Xin-Yu Sun 전력전자학회 2017 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.7

This paper describes a design concept of NPC1 power stack for 1500VDC megawatt level solar inverter. This stack uses three latest half-bridge IGBT modules with highest power density and operation junction temperature, which enable realization of power level beyond 1MW without paralleling. Critical design concept on loop inductance is explained. Dynamic characteristics are verified by double-pulse test. Thermal characteristics and output power limits are verified by thermal test. Temperature-sensitive component on PCB as output power constraint is identified. Different PCB repositioning solutions are tested to give the overall output power thermal derating curves, which enable output power of 1.15MW at TA=55°C with 15°C thermal margin. The power stack characteristic and performance change under different thermal environment is further analyzed.

Vegetable Oil Intake and Breast Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis

Xin, Yue,Li, Xiao-Yu,Sun, Shi-Ran,Wang, Li-Xia,Huang, Tao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: Total fat intake may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, and fish oil has been suggested as a protection factor to breast cancer. But the effect of vegetable oils is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association with high vegetable oils consumption and breast cancer risk, and evaluated their dose-response relationship. Design: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and CNKI updated to December 2014, and identified all observational studies providing quantitative estimates between breast cancer risk and different vegetable oils consumption. Fixed or random effect models were used to estimate summary odds ratios for the highest vs. lowest intake, and dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model and generalized least-squares trend (GLST) model. Results: Five prospective cohort studies and 11 retrospective case-control studies, involving 11,161 breast cancer events from more than 150,000 females, met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest vegetable oils consumption, higher intake didn't increased the risk of breast cancer with pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CIs:0.77-1.01), and the result from dose-response analyses didn't show a significant positive or negative trend on the breast cancer risk for each 10g vegetable oil/day increment (OR=0.98, 95% CIs: 0.95-1.01). In the subgroup analyses, the oils might impact on females with different strata of BMI. Higher olive oil intake showed a protective effect against breast cancer with OR of 0.74 (95% CIs: 0.60-0.92), which was not significant among the three cohort studies. Conclusions: This meta-analyses suggested that higher intake of vegetable oils is not associated with the higher risk of breast cancer. Olive oil might be a protective factor for the cancer occurrence among case-control studies and from the whole. Recall bias and imbalance in study location and vegetable oils subtypes shouldn't be ignored. More prospective cohort studies are required to confirm the interaction of the impact of vegetable oils on different population and various cancer characteristic, and further investigate the relationship between different subtype oils and breast cancer.

AZD1480 Can Inhibit the Biological Behavior of Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells in vitro

Sun, Zhao-Ling,Tang, Ya-Juan,Wu, Wei-Guang,Xing, Jun,He, Yan-Fang,Xin, De-Mei,Yu, Yan-Li,Yang, Yang,Han, Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Objective: To study the mechanism of effects of AZD1480 on the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. Methods: The MTT method was used to assess cellular proliferation, flow cytometry for cellular apoptosis, the scratch test to determine migration, transwell chamber assays to detect cellular invasion, plate clone experiments to detect the clone forming ability and Western blotting to determine p-STAT3 protein levels. Results: The proliferation rate, migration ability, invasiveness and the clone forming ability of SKOV3 cells were reduced after treatment with AZD1480, while apoptosis rate and chemotherapeutic susceptibility were increased. After treatment with AZD1480 plus cisplatin, the apoptosis rate increased significantly while the expression level of p-STAT3 protein was decreased. Conclusion: AZD1480 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and clone formation of SKOV3 cells, induce cellulsar apoptosis, increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and reduce the expression level of p-STAT3 protein.