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        Numerical study on conjugate heat transfer in a liquid-metal-cooled pipe based on a four-equation turbulent heat transfer model

        Li Xian-Wen,Su Xing-Kang,Gu Long,Wang Xiang-Yang,Fan Da-Jun 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.5

        Conjugate heat transfer between liquid metal and solid is a common phenomenon in a liquid-metalcooled fast reactor's fuel assembly and heat exchanger, dramatically affecting the reactor’s safety and economy. Therefore, comprehensively studying the sophisticated conjugate heat transfer in a liquidmetal-cooled fast reactor is profound. However, it has been evidenced that the traditional Simple Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis (SGDH), assuming a constant turbulent Prandtl number (Prt, usually 0.85 - 1.0), is inappropriate in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of liquid metal. In recent decades, numerous studies have been performed on the four-equation model, which is expected to improve the precision of liquid metal’s CFD simulations but has not been introduced into the conjugate heat transfer calculation between liquid metal and solid. Consequently, a four-equation model, consisting of the Abe k ε turbulence model and the Manservisi kq εq heat transfer model, is applied to study the conjugate heat transfer concerning liquid metal in the present work. To verify the numerical validity of the four-equation model used in the conjugate heat transfer simulations, we reproduce Johnson’s experiments of the liquid lead-bismuth-cooled turbulent pipe flow using the four-equation model and the traditional SGDH model. The simulation results obtained with different models are compared with the available experimental data, revealing that the relative errors of the local Nusselt number and mean heat transfer coefficient obtained with the four-equation model are considerably reduced compared with the SGDH model. Then, the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of liquid metal turbulent pipe flow obtained with the four-equation model are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the turbulence model used in the four-equation model on overall simulation performance is investigated. At last, the effectiveness of the four-equation model in the CFD simulations of liquid sodium conjugate heat transfer is assessed. This paper mainly proves that it is feasible to use the four-equation model in the study of liquid metal conjugate heat transfer and provides a reference for the research of conjugate heat transfer in a liquidmetal-cooled fast reactor

      • A Method for Dealing with Multi-granularity and Multi-scale Linguistic Information based on Modified Proportional 2-tuples

        AiPing Zhang,Zhang Lin Peng,Xian Wen Gu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.2

        Multi-granularity linguistic information has been studied by researchers in many disciplines, in which the scale of linguistic term sets is usually restricted in domain [0, 1]. In this paper, we consider the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems, in which the evaluation of each alternative with respect to each attribute is provided by several experts of the corresponding field. In order to convey the preferences of different experts exactly and to describe the characteristics of different attributes, linguistic term sets with different granularities and different scales have been proposed to express their evaluation values. Moreover, the performance values given by the experts take the form of modified proportional 2-tuples. In this process, the modified proportional 2-tuple, its comparative rules as well as several aggregation operators have been proposed. A new method has been proposed to achieve a basic modified linguistic term set (BMLTS) and a transformation function has been defined to make the performance values uniform. An example is given to illustrate the applicability and flexibility of the method.

      • KCI등재

        Effects of graphite additives in electrolytes on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Alumina PEO coatings

        Guo-Hua Lv,Huan Chen,Wei-Chao Gu,Wen-Ran Feng,Li Li,Er-Wu Niu,Xian-Hui Zhang,Si-Ze Yang 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

        In the present work, graphite grains of different sizes were added into the electrolyte to prepare ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the coatings. A three-electrode system was used to evaluate the corrosion performances of the coatings in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. It was found that the morphology and corrosion performance of the coatings were significantly influenced by the size of the graphite grains. Compared with bigger graphite grains, finer ones were involved in the oxidation process and embedded within the ceramic coatings, which made the coatings less porous and more compact. Thus, the corrosion resistance of the coatings with embedded graphite grains was greatly improved. In the present work, graphite grains of different sizes were added into the electrolyte to prepare ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray analysis system (EDX), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the coatings. A three-electrode system was used to evaluate the corrosion performances of the coatings in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. It was found that the morphology and corrosion performance of the coatings were significantly influenced by the size of the graphite grains. Compared with bigger graphite grains, finer ones were involved in the oxidation process and embedded within the ceramic coatings, which made the coatings less porous and more compact. Thus, the corrosion resistance of the coatings with embedded graphite grains was greatly improved.

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