Decay constants of heavy meson of ⁰⁻ state in relativistic Salpeter method

Cveti&#x10d,, G.,Kim, C.S.,Wang, Guo-Li,Namgung, Wuk Elsevier 2004 Physics letters: B Vol.596 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The decay constants of pseudoscalar heavy mesons of <SUP>0−</SUP> state are computed by means of the relativistic (instantaneous) Salpeter equation. We solved the full Salpeter equation without making any further approximation, such as ignoring the small component wave function. Therefore, our results for the decay constants include the complete relativistic contributions from the light and the heavy quarks. We obtain <SUB>F<SUB>Ds</SUB></SUB>≈248±27, <SUB>FD</SUB>≈230±25(<SUP>D0</SUP>,<SUP>D±</SUP>), <SUB>F<SUB>Bs</SUB></SUB>≈216±32, <SUB>FB</SUB>≈196±29(<SUP>B0</SUP>,<SUP>B±</SUP>), <SUB>F<SUB>Bc</SUB></SUB>≈322±42 and <SUB>F<SUB>ηc</SUB></SUB>≈292±25 MeV.</P>

Crosstalk between oligodendrocytes and cerebral endothelium contributes to vascular remodeling after white matter injury

Pham, Loc&#x2010,Duyen D.,Hayakawa, Kazuhide,Seo, Ji Hae,Nguyen, Minh&#x2010,Nguyet,Som, Angel T.,Lee, Brian J.,Guo, Shuzhen,Kim, Kyu&#x2010,Won,Lo, Eng H.,Arai, Ken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 GLIA Vol.60 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>After stroke and brain injury, cortical gray matter recovery involves mechanisms of neurovascular matrix remodeling. In white matter, however, the mechanisms of recovery remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that oligodendrocytes secrete matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), which accelerates the angiogenic response after white matter injury. In primary oligodendrocyte cultures, treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) induced an upregulation and secretion of MMP‐9. Conditioned media from IL‐1β‐stimulated oligodendrocytes significantly amplified matrigel tube formation in brain endothelial cells, indicating that MMP‐9 from oligodendrocytes can promote angiogenesis <I>in vitro</I>. Next, we asked whether similar signals and substrates operate after white matter injury <I>in vivo</I>. Focal white matter injury and demyelination was induced in mice via stereotactic injection of lysophosphatidylcholine into corpus callosum. Western blot analysis showed that IL‐1β expression was increased in damaged white matter. Immunostaining demonstrated MMP‐9 signals in myelin‐associated oligodendrocytic basic protein‐positive oligodendrocytes. Treatment with an IL‐1β‐neutralizing antibody suppressed the MMP‐9 response in oligodendrocytes. Finally, we confirmed that the broad spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 inhibited angiogenesis around the injury area in this white matter injury model. In gray matter, a neurovascular niche promotes cortical recovery after brain injury. Our study suggests that an analogous oligovascular niche may mediate recovery in white matter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>

Heme Binding Biguanides Target Cytochrome P450-Dependent Cancer Cell Mitochondria

Guo, Z.,Sevrioukova, I.F.,Denisov, I.G.,Zhang, X.,Chiu, T.L.,Thomas, D.G.,Hanse, E.A.,Cuellar, R.A.D.,Grinkova, Y.V.,Langenfeld, V.W.,Swedien, D.S.,Stamschror, J.D.,Alvarez, J.,Luna, F.,Galvan, A.,Bae Elsevier 2017 Cell chemical biology Vol.24 No.10

Use of Nitrate-nitrogen as a Sole Dietary Nitrogen Source to Inhibit Ruminal Methanogenesis and to Improve Microbial Nitrogen Synthesis In vitro

Guo, W.S.,Schaefer, D.M.,Guo, X.X.,Ren, L.P.,Meng, Qingxiang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.4

An in vitro study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrate-nitrogen used as a sole dietary nitrogen source on ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial nitrogen (MN) synthesis. Three treatment diets were formulated with different nitrogen sources to contain 13% CP and termed i) nitrate-N diet (NND), ii) urea-N diet (UND), used as negative control, and iii) tryptone-N diet (TND), used as positive control. The results of 24-h incubations showed that nitrate-N disappeared to background concentrations and was not detectable in microbial cells. The NND treatment decreased net $CH_4$ production, but also decreased net $CO_2$ production and increased net $H_2$ production. Total VFA concentration was lower (p<0.05) for NND than TND. Suppression of $CO_2$ production and total VFA concentration may be linked to increased concentration of $H_2$. The MN synthesis was greater (p<0.001) for NND than UND or TND (5.74 vs. 3.31 or 3.34 mg/40 ml, respectively). Nitrate addition diminished methane production as expected, but also increased MN synthesis.

Molecular Characterization and Expression Pattern of Gene IGFBP-5 in the Cashmere Goat (Capra hircus)

Wang, X.J.,Shi, J.J.,Yang, J.F.,Liang, Y.,Wang, Y.F.,Wu, M.L.,Li, S.Y.,Guo, X.D.,Wang, Z.G.,Liu, D.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.5

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is one of the six members of IGFBP family, important for cell growth, apoptosis and other IGF-stimulated signaling pathways. In order to explore the significance of IGFBP-5 in cells of the Inner Mongolian Cashmere goat (Capra hircus), IGFBP-5 gene complementary DNA (cDNA) was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the animal's fetal fibroblasts and tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The gene is 816 base pairs (bp) in length and includes the complete open reading frame, encoding 271 amino acids (GenBank accession number JF720883). The full cDNA nucleotide sequence has a 99% identity with sheep, 98% with cattle and 95% with human. The amino acids sequence shares identity with 99%, 99% and 99%, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis showed that IGFBP-5 has an insulin growth factor-binding protein homologues (IB) domain and a thyroglobulin type-1 (TY) domain, four protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, five casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, three prenyl group binding sites (CaaX box). The IGFBP-5 gene was expressed in all the tested tissues including testis, brain, liver, lung, mammary gland, spleen, and kidney, suggesting that IGFBP-5 plays an important role in goat cells.

Effect of Corticosterone Administration on Small Intestinal Weight and Expression of Small Intestinal Nutrient Transporter mRNA of Broiler Chickens

Hu, X.F.,Guo, Yuming,Huang, B.Y.,Zhang, L.B.,Bun, S.,Liu, D.,Long, F.Y.,Li, J.H.,Yang, X.,Jiao, P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.2

The effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on the weight of small intestine and the expression of nutrient transporter mRNA in the small intestine of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were investigated. One hundred and eight sevenday-old birds were randomly divided into two equal groups comprising a control group (CTRL) and an experimental group (CORT). CTRL birds were fed a basal diet and the CORT birds were fed a basal diet containing 30 mg corticosterone/kg from d 8 to 21. At 21 d of age, average daily feed intake (ADFI), serum corticosterone level, small intestinal absolute wet weight and relative weight, and relative abundance of SGLT1, CaBP-D28k, PepT1 mRNA in the duodenum and L-FABP mRNA in the jejunum were determined. The results showed that serum corticosterone level, liver weight and small intestinal relative weight (small intestinal wet weight/body weight) of CORT chickens were about 30.15%, 26.72% and 42.20% higher, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05). CORT birds had relative mRNA abundance of CaBP-D28k and PepT1 in the duodenum, and L-FABP in the jejunum which was 1.77, 1.37 and 1.94 fold higher, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05); the relative abundance of SGLT1 was 1.67 fold higher than in the CTRL group (p = 0.097). ADFI, small intestinal wet weight and length in CORT-treated broiler chickens was about 29.11%, 31.12% and 12.35% lower, respectively, than in the CTRL group (p<0.05). In conclusion, corticosterone administration lowered the wet weight but increased the relative weight of the small intestine and the expression of intestinal nutrient transporter mRNA of broiler chickens.

Bioprocessing for elimination antibiotics and hormones from swine wastewater

Cheng, D.L.,Ngo, H.H.,Guo, W.S.,Liu, Y.W.,Zhou, J.L.,Chang, S.W.,Nguyen, D.D.,Bui, X.T.,Zhang, X.B. Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.621 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Antibiotics and hormones in swine wastewater have become a critical concern worldwide due to the severe threats to human health and the eco-environment. Removal of most detectable antibiotics and hormones, such as sulfonamides (SAs), SMs, tetracyclines (TCs), macrolides, and estrogenic hormones from swine wastewater utilizing various biological processes were summarized and compared. In biological processes, biosorption and biodegradation are the two major removal mechanisms for antibiotics and hormones. The residuals in treated effluents and sludge of conventional activated sludge and anaerobic digestion processes can still pose risks to the surrounding environment, and the anaerobic processes' removal efficiencies were inferior to those of aerobic processes. In contrast, membrane bioreactors (MBRs), constructed wetlands (CWs) and modified processes performed better because of their higher biodegradation of toxicants. Process modification on activated sludge, anaerobic digestion and conventional MBRs could also enhance the performance (e.g. removing up to 98% SMs, 88.9% TCs, and 99.6% hormones from wastewater). The hybrid process combining MBRs with biological or physical technology also led to better removal efficiency. As such, modified conventional biological processes, advanced biological technologies and MBR hybrid systems are considered as a promising technology for removing toxicants from swine wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biological antibiotics and hormones treatment process for swine wastewater was reviewed. </LI> <LI> Mechanisms of antibiotics/hormones removal can be biosorption and biodegradation. </LI> <LI> Conventional AS and AD are ineffective for antibiotics & hormones removal. </LI> <LI> MBRs/hybrid MBRs and constructed wetlands can improve toxicants removal. </LI> <LI> Modified conventional bioreactors are also efficient in antibiotics and hormones removal. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effects of Forage:Concentrate Ratio on Growth Performance, Ruminal Fermentation and Blood Metabolites in Housing-feeding Yaks

Chen, G.J.,Song, S.D.,Wang, B.X.,Zhang, Z.F.,Peng, Z.L.,Guo, C.H.,Zhong, J.C.,Wang, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.12

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of forage: concentrate ratio (F:C) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of housing-feeding yaks. Thirty-two Maiwa male yaks (initial body weight = $207.99{\pm}3.31kg$) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (8 yaks per treatment). Experimental diets were: A, B, C, D which contained 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 F:C ratios, respectively. Dry matter intake and average daily gain in yaks fed the C and D diets were greater (p<0.05) than yaks fed the A and B diets. No differences were found in ruminal $NH_3-N$, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations. The propionate concentration was increased (p<0.05) in the C and D groups compared with the A and B diets. In contrast, the acetate to propionate ratio was decreased and was lowest (p<0.05) in the C group relative to the A and B diets, but was similar with the D group. For blood metabolites, no differences were found in serum concentrations of urea-N, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase (p>0.05) among treatments. Treatment C had a higher concentration of total protein and high density lipoprotein (p<0.05) than A and B groups. In addition, there was a trend that the globulin concentration of A group was lower than other treatments (p = 0.079). Results from this study suggest that increasing the level of concentrate from 30% to 50% exerted a positive effect on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in yaks.

Can algae-based technologies be an affordable green process for biofuel production and wastewater remediation?

Vo Hoang Nhat, P.,Ngo, H.H.,Guo, W.S.,Chang, S.W.,Nguyen, D.D.,Nguyen, P.D.,Bui, X.T.,Zhang, X.B.,Guo, J.B. Elsevier 2018 Bioresource Technology Vol.256 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Algae is a well-known organism that its characteristic is prominent for biofuel production and wastewater remediation. This critical review aims to present the applicability of algae with in-depth discussion regarding three key aspects: (i) characterization of algae for its applications; (ii) the technical approaches and their strengths and drawbacks; and (iii) future perspectives of algae-based technologies. The process optimization and combinations with other chemical and biological processes have generated efficiency, in which bio-oil yield is up to 41.1%. Through life cycle assessment, algae bio-energy achieves high energy return than fossil fuel. Thus, the algae-based technologies can reasonably be considered as green approaches. Although selling price of algae bio-oil is still high (about $2 L<SUP>−1</SUP>) compared to fossil fuel’s price of $1 L<SUP>−1</SUP>, it is expected that the algae bio-oil’s price will become acceptable in the next coming decades and potentially dominate 75% of the market.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microalgae has more lipid content while macroalgae is rich of carbohydrate. </LI> <LI> Algae is efficient in nutrients removal. </LI> <LI> Combined processes, optimization and algae strains screening are important. </LI> <LI> Revenues in algae-based biofuel production and wastewater remediation are limited. </LI> <LI> Policy and social support for commercialization are lacking. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

INTERIOR SOUND FIELD REFINEMENT OF A PASSENGER CAR USING MODIFIED PANEL ACOUSTIC CONTRIBUTION ANALYSIS

X. HAN,Y.-J. GUO,H.-D. YU,P. ZHU 한국자동차공학회 2009 International journal of automotive technology Vol.10 No.1

Panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) is a practical engineering tool for the reduction of interior structure-borne noise in passenger cars. In this study, the current PACA method has been improved for sound field refinement of the entire interior. Two new parameters, the “acoustic contribution sum” and the “total sound field contribution”, are introduced to analyze the interior sound field characterized with multiple field points and sound pressure peaks, and to evaluate the integrated acoustic contributions of auto body panels. In addition, a systematic methodology for automotive interior sound field refinement is also proposed on the basis of the modified PACA method. An example of a passenger car model demonstrates the application of the sound-field-refinement methodology and shows the advantage of using damping layers at optimum locations on the auto body. The example also shows that the modified PACA method has practical significance for refining the interior sound field and decreasing added mass in accord with the trend towards lightweight auto bodies. Panel acoustic contribution analysis (PACA) is a practical engineering tool for the reduction of interior structure-borne noise in passenger cars. In this study, the current PACA method has been improved for sound field refinement of the entire interior. Two new parameters, the “acoustic contribution sum” and the “total sound field contribution”, are introduced to analyze the interior sound field characterized with multiple field points and sound pressure peaks, and to evaluate the integrated acoustic contributions of auto body panels. In addition, a systematic methodology for automotive interior sound field refinement is also proposed on the basis of the modified PACA method. An example of a passenger car model demonstrates the application of the sound-field-refinement methodology and shows the advantage of using damping layers at optimum locations on the auto body. The example also shows that the modified PACA method has practical significance for refining the interior sound field and decreasing added mass in accord with the trend towards lightweight auto bodies.