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Serum Interleukin - 8 Levels in Leprosy Patients
Lew, Wook,Kwahck, Ho,Chang, Soo Kyoung 대한피부과학회 1999 Annals of Dermatology Vol.11 No.1
Background : Interleukin(IL)-8 is a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils which was induced by tumor necrosis factor-a and IL-1. Serum IL-8 level was known to be associated with the poor prognosis of tuberculosis and IL-8 mRNA was increased in the tissue of erythema nodosum leprosum. Objective : Our purpose was to investigate whether the serum IL-8 levels of leprosy patients are different from those of controls and whether the severity of the leprosy is associated with the serum IL-8 level. Methods : Twenty eight patients with leprosy and fourteen healthy adults were used in this study. Serum IL-8 levels were detected by enzyme immunoassay. Results : There were na statistically significant differences in the serum IL-8 levels between the twenty eight leprosy patients and the fourteen healthy control serums (29.99±53.14 vs 2.52±7.53) nor was the detection rate between the groups (9/28 vs 1/14) significant. There were also no statistically significant differences between the serum IL-8 concentrations of the patients with high bacterial indexes and the patients with low bacterial indexes (30.22±63.64 vs 29.73±41.14). Conclusion : Serum levels and the detection rate of IL-8 in the leprosy patients were not different from the control group and the severity of the disease was not associated with the IL-8 levels.
Immunologic Mechanism of Experimental and Therapeutic Ultraviolet B Responses
Lew, Wook The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2002 Immune Network Vol.2 No.2
The immunological mechanism of the responses to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation in mouse models were investigated by the suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and susceptibility to infection. However, there are some differences in immune suppression according to the different models as well as the irradiation protocols. Therefore, this review focused on the differences in the suppressive effects on CHS and DTH, and susceptibility to infection in relation to the different in vivo models. Recent advances in cytokine knockout mice experiments have the reexamination of the role of the critical cytokines in UVB-induced immune suppression, which was investigated previously by blocking antibodies. The characteristics of the suppressor cells responsible for UVB-induced tolerance were determined. The subcellular mechanism of UVB-induced immune suppression was also explained by the induction of apoptotic cells through the Fas and Fas-ligand interaction. The phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is believed to induce the production of the immune suppressive cytokine like interleukin-10 by macrophages. Therefore, the therapeutic UVB response to a skin disease, such as psoriasis, by the depletion of infiltrating T cells could be considered in the extension line of apoptosis and immune suppression.
Serum Levels of Type 2 Chemokines in Lepromatous Leprosy Patients
Lew, Wook,Nakamura, Koichiro,Tada, Yayoi,Kwahck, Ho,Chang, Soo Kyoung,Tamaki, Kunihiko The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2002 Immune Network Vol.2 No.4
Background: The type 2 deviated immunological state is predominant in lepromatous leprosy. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immune-complex mediated reaction that typically occurs in lepromatous leprosy. To date, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-2 receptor, IL-10, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-1 receptor antagonist and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were reported to be higher in lepromatous leprosy. TNF-${\alpha}$ is also known to be higher in ENL, which is reduced after thalidomide treatment. However the serum type 2 chemokine levels in lepromatous leprosy patients have not been reported. Methods: The serum levels of the type 2 chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and eotaxin together with IL-12 and IL-10 in the sera from leprosy patients were detected using an enzyme-linked solvent assay (ELISA) method. Results: The Serum TARC, MDC, eotaxin, IL-10 and IL-12 levels in lepromatous leprosy patients were not significantly different from the normal control levels. The serum levels were not significantly different between the paucibacillary group and multibacillary group. The serum TARC or MDC levels in the ENL patients were more reduced after a treatment containing thalidomide. Conclusion: The type 2 chemokines are not related to the severity of lepromatous leprosy. The larger reducing effect of the TARC or MDC levels in ENL patients by a treatment containing thalidomide suggests the potential role of these chemokines in the development of ENL and the therapeutic mechanism of thalidomide.