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Woohyung Lee,Sung-Sik Han,Seung Duk Lee,Young-Kyu Kim,Seong Hoon Kim,Sang Myung Woo,Woo Jin Lee,Young Whan Koh,Eun Kyung Hong,Sang-Jae Park 한국간담췌외과학회 2012 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.16 No.2
Bouveret’s syndrome is a gastric outlet obstruction caused by an impacted gallstone that passes through a cholecysto-gastric or cholecysto-duodenal fistula. An elderly woman visited a local clinic with nausea and abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a stone that was impacted in the duodenal lumen and a fistula between the gallbladder and duodenum. Malignancy could not be excluded due to the mass in the cystic duct showing enhancement and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes on computed tomography, and increased fludeoxyglucose uptake in the cystic duct on positron emission tomography. The patient underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy, segmental duodenectomy and gastro-jejunostomy. Pathological examination exhibited chronic inflammation and no primary cancer of the gallbladder and fistula. (Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2012;16:84-87)
In vitro Root Induction from Shoot Explants of Pear (Pyrus spp.)
Jae-Young Song(Jae-Young Song),Jinjoo Bae(Jinjoo Bae),Woohyung Lee(Woohyung Lee),Jung-Ro Lee(Jung-Ro Lee),Mun-Sup Yoon(Mun-Sup Yoon) 한국자원식물학회 2022 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.35 No.6
The main objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate condition for root formation of in vitro micropropagated pear (Pyrus spp.) plants. In vitro propagation was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.0 ㎎/L of N6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.2 ㎎/L of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) medium. The short pre-treatment of explants with a high concentration (1 ㎎/L) of NAA and IBA (R0 medium) in dark for three days, followed by transfer to five different media (R1 to R5) resulted in good rooting responses in the pear ‘Oharabani (P. pyrifolia × P. communis)’ genotype. For the rooting experiments, the highest rooting percentage (83.3 ± 8.3%), average root length (3.6 ± 1.9 mm), total root number (31 ± 4.0), and average root number per plant (2.6 ± 2.1) were obtained on half strength (1/2) of MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose without hormones and activated charcoal (AC) (R1 medium). The highest rooting percentage was obtained at 83.3% from explants on R1 and R3 media. The rooting procedure described in this study resulted in good root formation and significantly shorting the root induction time to within 14 days of culture. Further studies are underway to test the suitability of the protocol developed in this study for other pear genotypes.
Woohyung Lee,Ji-Ho Park,Ju-Yeon Kim,Seung-Jin Kwag,Taejin Park,Sang-Ho Jeong,Young-Tae Ju,Eun-Jung Jung,Young-Joon Lee,Sang-Kyung Choi,Soon-Chan Hong,Chi-Young Jeong 한국간담췌외과학회 2015 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.19 No.3
Ectopic opening of the pancreatic and bile ducts (EOPBD) into the duodenal bulb is an extremely rare congenital anomaly with unknown clinical implications. We presented a case of gallbladder cancer with EOPBD into the duodenal bulb. A 57-year-old male was referred to our hospital with intermittent right upper abdominal pain. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed individual EOPBD into the duodenal bulb with no papillary structure, and a focal nodular lesion in the gallbladder. A follow-up abdominal computed tomography scan 9 months later revealed a slight increase in the size of the fundal nodule, which was suspected as gallbladder cancer. An intraoperative frozen biopsy identified the nodular lesion as adenocarcinoma involving the cystic duct, and the patient underwent radical cholecystectomy including bile duct resection with hepaticojejunostomy. EOPBD is an extremely rare condition that can be associated with gallbladder malignancy as well as benign disease. Clinicians should follow up carefully and consider surgical treatment for suspected malignant lesions.
X-inefficiency and Privatization in a Mixed Duopoly
Woohyung Lee,Ki-Dong Lee 한국경제연구학회 2014 Korea and the World Economy Vol.15 No.2
The purpose of this study is two-fold: First, we investigate how X-inefficiency affects the behaviors of firms in a mixed oligopoly market. Second, we explore whether optimal subsidies can restore the social optimum like the previous literature on subsidization, with assuming that the efficiency of a public firm depends on the degree of privatization. The main results are as follows. First, despite higher marginal cost due to X-inefficiency, the price of a public firm tends to be lower than that of a private firm, when the degree of nationalization of the public firm is low enough. Second, if the marginal effect of nationalization on X-inefficiency measured at full privatization is relatively low and the elasticity of X-inefficiency measured at full nationalization is greater than the critical level, then the partial privatization is the optimal strategy from the social welfare viewpoint. Third, when an efficiency gap exists between firms, asymmetric subsidization can restore the social optimum, and the optimal subsidization level is not directly related to the degree of nationalization, but is affected by the efficiency gap. In addition, the subsidy for a private firm is larger than that for a public firm, which is relatively inefficient compared to the private firm.