석탄 가스화를 통한 전력 생산과 DME 병산 공정에 대한 기초 경제성 분석

유영돈 ( Young Don Yoo ),김수현 ( Su Hyun Kim ),조원준 ( Won Jun Cho ),모용기 ( Yong Gi Mo ),송용택 ( Tae Kyong Song ) 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.52 No.6

석탄가스화를 기반으로 한 발전(IGCC 발전) 및 화학원료 제조공정의 상업화 관건은 화석연료인 원유 또는 천연가스를 기반으로 생산되는 경우와 비교하여 경제성을 확보할 수 있는지 여부이다. 경제성 확보를 위한 가장 현실적인 방법으로는 석탄 가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스로부터 2개 이상의 생산물(예: 발전과 화학원료를 동시 생산)을 병산(coproduction또는 poly-generation)하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 석탄 가스화를 기반으로 하여 발전과 수송용, 발전용 및 가정용 연료로 사용이 가능한 DME(dimethyl ether)를 병산하는 공정에 대한 경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 경제성 분석을 위한 병산 공정에서는 250 MW 전력생산 연간 30만 톤의 DMZ 생산을 기준으로 하였다. 병산 공정에서 DME 판매가격이 50만원/ton인 경우, 전기 생산원가는 34.8~58.4원/kWh으로 SMP(계통한계가격) 가중평균인 150.69원/kwh(2013년 1월~12월까지의 평균값)의 33~58% 수준으로 산정되었다. 따라서, DME 판매가격이 적정하게 유지될 경우 석탄IGCC+DME 병산공정은 IGCC 단독 발전과 비교하여 경제성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 현재 중국에서 DME판매가격이 900,000원/톤 내외이므로, 전력과 DME를 병산할 경우, IGCC 단독으로 전력을 생산할 경우와 비교하여 전력 생산 원가를 월등하게 낮출 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와 같이 석탄 가스화를 기반으로 한 병산 공정을 통해 전력과 DME를 병산하는 시스템에서, 시장 여건에 따라 전력과 DME 생산비율 제어가 가능하고, 석탄 가스화기 및 정제 시스템을 공통 설비로 활용함으로써, 개별적으로 생산하는 것보다 생산 원가를 낮출 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. The key for the commercial deployment of IGCC power plants or chemical (methanol, dimethyl ether, etc.) production plants based on coal gasification is their economic advantage over plants producing electricity or chemicals from crude oil or natural gas. The better economy of coal gasification based plants can be obtained by co-production of electricity and chemicals. In this study, we carried out the economic feasibility analysis on the process of co-producing electricity and DME (dimethyl ether) using coal gasification. The plant’s capacity was 250 MW electric and DME production of 300,000 ton per year. Assuming that the sales price of DME is 500,000 won/ton, the production cost of electricity is in the range of 33~58% of 150.69 won/kwh which is the average of SMP (system marginal price) in 2013, Korea. At present, the sales price of DME in China is approximately 900,000 won/ton. Therefore, there are more potential for lowering the price of co-produced electricity when comparing that from IGCC only. Since the co-production system can not only use the coal gasifier and the gas purification process as a common facility but also can control production rates of electricity and DME depending on the market demand, the production cost of electricity and DME can be significantly reduced compared to the process of producing electricity or DME separately.

Prototype Development for the GMT FSM Secondary - Off-axis Aspheric Mirror Fabrication -

Kim, Young-Soo,Kim, Jihun,Song, Je Heon,Cho, Myung,Yang, Ho-Soon,Lee, Joohyung,Kim, Ho-Sang,Lee, Kyoung-Don,Ahn, Hyo-Sung,Park, Won Hyun The Korean Space Science Society 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.4

A prototype of the GMT FSM has been developed to acquire and to enhance the key technology - mirror fabrication and tip-tilt actuation. The ellipsoidal off-axis mirror has been designed, analyzed, and fabricated from light-weighting to grinding, polishing, and figuring of the mirror surface. The mirror was tested by using an interferometer together with CGHs, which revealed the surface error of 13.7 nm rms in the diameter of 1030 mm. The SCOTS test was employed to independently validate the test results. It measured the surface error to be 17.4 nm rms in the diameter of 1010 mm. Both tests show the optical surface of the FSMP mirror within the required value of 20 nm rms surface error.

The Role of Granzyme B Containing Cells in the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

( Won-dong Kim ),( Hyun-sook Chi ),( Kang-hyeon Choe ),( Woo-sung Kim ),( James C. Hogg ),( Don D. Sin ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.83 No.-

Background: Lung inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the characteristics of the inflammatory process remain unclear. There is growing interest in the role of granzyme B (GzmB) because CD8⁺ T cells can induce apoptosis of target cells by releasing GzmB, which in turn may cause tissue injury and remodeling. However, Gzm^B is also expressed by regulatory cells, which are able to suppress CD8⁺ T cell. The role of GzmB+ cells needs to be defined in COPD. Methods: GzmB⁺ and CD8⁺ cells on alveolar wall of surgically resected lungs of microscopically classified 12 nonsmoking control, 12 panlobular emphysema (PLE) and 30 centrilobular emphysema (CLE) subjects were localized by immunohistochemical method. Positively stained cells on alveolar wall were counted and length of corresponding alveolar wall was measured. The results were expressed as mean number of positively stained cells per mm of alveolar wall in each subject. Results: The number of GzmB⁺ and CD8⁺ cells on alveolar wall of CLE was greater than that of control or PLE subjects (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). There was a positive relationship between the number of alveolar GzmB⁺ cells and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) (r=0.610, p=0.003) in CLE subjects. The number of alveolar GzmB⁺ cells progressively decreased with decline of FEV₁. Conclusion: Our finding that number of alveolar GzmB⁺ cells was associated with FEV₁ suggests that GzmB⁺ cells might have protective role in the progression of lung destruction and airflow limitation in CLE, which is the predominant emphysema subtype of COPD.

A preliminary study on the origin of Koreans based on Y-STR variation

Kim, Soon Hee,Chun, Byung Won,Jung, Jongwoo,Kemp, Brian M.,Kwak, Kyoung Don,Cho, Nam Soo,Kim, Jong Jin,Han, Myun Soo,Kim, Won Springer-Verlag 2010 Genes & Genomics Vol.32 No.4

Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality of Achalasia: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea

Kim Ga Hee,Park Hyungchul,Jung Kee Wook,Kim Min-Ju,Kim Ye-Jee,Lee Ji Min,Lee Bong Eun,Min Yang Won,Kim Jeong Hwan,Na Hee Kyong,Ahn Ji Yong,Lee Jeong Hoon,Kim Do Hoon,Choi Kee Don,Song Ho June,Lee Gin 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.6

Background/Aims: Although an association between achalasia and esophageal cancer has been reported, whether achalasia confers a substantial increase in mortality is unknown. Moreover, the causes of death related to achalasia have not been investigated. We performed this nationwide, population-based cohort study on achalasia because no such study has been performed since the introduction of high-resolution manometry in 2008. Methods: This study was performed using data extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, covering a 9-year period from 2009 to 2017. Control participants without a diagnostic code for achalasia were randomly selected and matched by sex and birth year at a case-to-control ratio of 1:4. Data on the cause of death from Statistics Korea were also analyzed. Results: The overall incidence of achalasia was 0.68 per 100,000 person-years, and the prevalence was 6.46 per 100,000 population. Patients with achalasia (n=3,063) had significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for esophageal cancer (aHR, 3.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 9.22; p=0.017), pneumonia (aHR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.89 to 2.81; p<0.001), aspiration pneumonia (aHR, 3.92; 95% CI, 2.38 to 6.48; p<0.001), and mortality (aHR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.44 to 1.94; p<0.001). Esophageal cancer carried the highest mortality risk (aHR, 8.82; 95% CI, 2.35 to 33.16; p=0.001), while pneumonia had the highest non-cancer mortality risk (aHR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.31 to 3.96; p=0.004). Conclusions: In this nationwide study, achalasia was associated with increased risk of mortality. Esophageal cancer and pneumonia were the most common comorbidities and the major causes of death in patients with achalasia.

A Study on the Changes of Air Quality the Baekryong Cave in Pyeonchang (Natural Monument Number 260)

Kim, Tae-Hyeong,Kong, Dal-Yong,Choi, Don-Won,Lim, Jong-Deock,Yu, Yeong-Wan,Cho, Jong-Hyun,Yeon, Ung National Science Museum of Korea 2012 Journal of Korean nature Vol.5 No.3

This study focused on the changes of air quality in the cave prior and after the public viewing. For this study, Baekryong Cave in Pyeonchang (Natural Monument Number 260) was selected, which has recently been opened to the public, and the main elements that influence air quality, such as temperature, humidity, and the amount of carbon dioxide, were divided into before and after public viewing. The results of the study show that the cave's temperature, relative humidity, and the amount of carbon dioxide are influenced by the visitors and the seasons. The temperature of the cave was influenced by the seasons closer to the entrance. However, the deeper the area was, the less the visitors significantly influenced the temperature of the cave. Changes to relative humidity were only affected by the seasons near the entrance of the cave, showing that it was maintained regularly by the underground water within the cave. Although the amount of carbon dioxide inside the cave seems to be affected by several factors such as its topography and continental phenomenon, vapors, temperature, etc., it is considered that it is most influenced by the visitors amongst all other environmental factors. As results from this study show, caves open to the public needs to be a continued monitoring of the amount of carbon dioxide. Moreover, there needs to be additional researches regarding the influence of carbon dioxide amounts towards environmental changes in the cave.

Estrogen-related receptor γ controls hepatic CB₁ receptor-mediated CYP2E1 expression and oxidative liver injury by alcohol

Kim, Don-Kyu,Kim, Yong-Hoon,Jang, Hyun-Hee,Park, Jinyoung,Kim, Jung Ran,Koh, Minseob,Jeong, Won-Il,Koo, Seung-Hoi,Park, Tae-Sik,Yun, Chul-Ho,Park, Seung Bum,Chiang, John Y L,Lee, Chul-Ho,Choi, Hueng-S BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2013 Gut: journal of the British Society of Gastroenter Vol.62 No.7

<P>Background The hepatic endocannabinoid system and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), a key enzyme causing alcohol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, are major contributors to the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. The nuclear hormone receptor oestrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR gamma) is a constitutively active transcriptional activator regulating gene expression. Objective To investigate the role of ERR gamma in the alcohol-mediated regulation of CYP2E1 and to examine the possibility to control alcohol-mediated oxidative stress and liver injury through an ERR gamma inverse agonist. Design For chronic alcoholic hepatosteatosis study, C57BL/6J wild-type and CB1(-/-) mice were administered alcohol for 4 weeks. GSK5182 and chlormethiazole (CMZ) were given by oral gavage for the last 2 weeks of alcohol feeding. Gene expression profiles and biochemical assays were performed using the liver or blood of mice. Results Hepatic ERR gamma gene expression induced by alcohol-mediated activation of CB1 receptor results in induction of CYP2E1, while liver-specific ablation of ERR. gene expression blocks alcohol-induced expression of CYP2E1 in mouse liver. An ERR gamma inverse agonist significantly ameliorates chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice through inhibition of CYP2E1-mediated generation of ROS, while inhibition of CYP2E1 by CMZ abrogates the beneficial effects of the inverse agonist. Finally, chronic alcohol-mediated ERR gamma and CYP2E1 gene expression, ROS generation and liver injury in normal mice were nearly abolished in CB1(-/-) mice. Conclusions ERR gamma, as a previously unrecognised transcriptional regulator of hepatic CB1 receptor, controls alcohol-induced oxidative stress and liver injury through CYP2E1 induction, and its inverse agonist could ameliorate oxidative liver injury due to chronic alcohol exposure.</P>

The Application and the Development of Documents on Creative Handson Experience of the Baekryong Cave (Natural Monument Number 260)

Kim, Tae-Hyeong,Kong, Dal-Yong,Choi, Don-Won,Lim, Jong-Deock national science museum of korea 2010 Journal of Korean nature Vol.3 No.3

While natural caves are generally viewed as a difficult topic for hands-on experience, the strong sense of awe and fear students have towards living organisms and stalactites in caves are sufficient to evoke their academic interest and curiosity. Recently, various nations across the world have developed a number of academic and experience programs on natural caves, but in Korea, natural caves are used only as a tourist attraction with no existing outdoor educational program for experiencing natural caves. Therefore, this study has gathered educational documents related to natural caves in relation to geological sciences and aims to develop and present a method for better learning and application. The Baekryong Cave is located in Maha-ri, Mitan-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun of Gangwondo and was designated as the 260$^{th}$ Natural Monument in 1979 to be closed to the public. In July of 2010, the cave was opened to the public so that visitors can experience the cave while listening to the cave guide, transforming the cave into a "living academic experience." The Baekryong Cave has been preserved very well, and the cave was selected to teach the public of the basic concepts and information through guides. The Baekryong Cave study course is about 708m long with six observational points, and each point presents opportunities for students to experience creative and independent studies. These 'creative experience points' were installed in a manner which allows outdoor education with minimal difficulties and are meant to bring forth the creativity of students through discussions and explorations. Furthermore, the cave experiences are made to encourage creativity by functioning as a bridge between students and outdoor environment. University students who were enrolled in a degree in geology in Chungbuk were observed for their change in attitude when introduced to the developed creative experience sites. Results showed that such outdoor educational experience contributes positively to their academic experience and helped build more solid understanding of the fundamental concepts of geological sciences.

Characterization of TallyHo mice, a Newly Developed Type 2 Diabetes Model Mice

Won Hoon Jung,Yoon Young Sung,Hye Sung Lee,Hee-Yeon Kim,Sang Dal Rhee,Sung-Don Yang 한국실험동물학회 2003 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

Evaluation of subchronic oral dose toxicity and allergen of freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a novel food source

Kim Sun Young,Kwak Kyu-Won,Park Ji Yeong,Park Eun-Sung,Nam Chun-Ja,An Kyu Sup,Kim Hyun-Jin,Yoon Hyung Joo,Kim Yong-Soon,Park Kwanho,Kim Eunsun,Ryu Hyeon Yeol,Kim Sun-Don 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.2

The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a well-known edible insect which may serve as new source of human food and animal feed. However, potential toxicity and food safety of L. migratoria had not been investigated extensively until now. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate toxicity of freeze-dried powder of L. migratoria (fdLM) and identify allergic components in ELISA and PCR techniques. In this subchronic study, fdLM was administered once daily by oral gavage at the doses of 750, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg/day. No toxicological changes were observed in both sexes of rats for 13 weeks in accordance with the OECD guidelines and GLP conditions. In addition, fdLM did not induced increases of serum immunoglobulin E and 21 homologous proteins were not detected under our present conditions. In conclusion, the NOAEL (no-observed-adverse-effect level) was 3000 mg/kg/day and no target organ was identified in both sexes. In conclusion, we found that fdLM is safe with no adverse effects and offers the potential of its use as an edible ingredient or other biological uses.