질량비 변화에 따른 산사태 모형으로 인해 발생하는 충격파 특성분석

조한울(Han Woll Cho),이호진(Ho Jin Lee),김성덕(Sung Duk Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

산사태로 인해 유발되는 충격파는 일반적으로 산사태 충격파(Landslide-impulse wave)라고 부른다. 산사태 충격파는 댐, 저수지, 호수, 화산섬 및 피오르드(fjord) 등 특정 지역에 국한되지 않고 발생하며, 수역인근에서 발생하는 산사태 충격파의 경우는 주변의 인명과 기반시설에 심각한 피해를 끼칠 수 있다. 특히 산악지대에서는 급경사의 계곡과 상당수의 댐과 같은 수공 구조물 등이 위치하고 있는 경우가 많아 작은 규모의 지진만으로도 위력적인 산사태 충격파가 발생할 수 있다. 한 가지 예시로 산사태 충격파로 인해 1963년 이탈리아 바이온트(Vaiont)에서는 수천 명의 사망자가 발생하였다. 최근에는 전 세계적으로 이상기후의 영향 때문에 국지성 집중호우가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 이로 인해 국내에서 발생하는 지진과 산사태의 발생빈도와 발생규모 모두 증가하고 있다. 우리나라도 더 이상 산사태 충격파로부터 안전하지 않고, 산사태 충격파로부터의 위험을 줄이기 위해서는 충격파 특성들에 대한 더 나은 이해능력은 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 산사태 충격파의 특성들을 알아보고자 산사태 모형실험을 수행하였다. 산사태 모형으로는 블록형태 산사태 모형과 입상형태 산사태 모형을 이용하였으며, 산사태 모형으로부터 유발되는 충격파의 특성 중 진폭을 중점으로 분석하였다. A impulse wave generated by a landslide is commonly referred to as a landslide-impulse wave. Landslide-impulse waves are not limited to specific areas such as dams, reservoirs, lakes, volcanic islands, and fjords. Landslide-impulse waves generated near water bodies can cause serious damage to human life and infrastructure. Steep valleys and many water structures such as dams are often located in mountainous areas, so even a small-scale earthquake can generate a powerful landslide-impulse wave. One example is a landslide-impulse wave that killed thousands in Vaiont, Italy, in 1963. Recently, due to the influence of abnormal weather around the world, localized torrential rains have frequently occurred, and as a result, both the frequency and scale of earthquakes and landslides occurring in Korea are increasing. Korea is no longer safe from landslide-impulse waves, and a better understanding of their characteristics is essential to reduce the risk. Thus, in this study, an experiment was conducted with a landslide model to find out the characteristics of a landslide-impulse wave. Block-type landslide models and granular-type landslide models were used, and the amplitude was observed and analyzed.

Analysing the Meaning of Quality Management in Cross-border Business Cooperations by using Benchmarking Methodology

Basler, Maurice,Voigt, Matthias,Woll, Ralf The Korean Society for Quality Management 2007 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.8 No.2

Benchmarking is more than just a comparison of measures about different company's performance in a wider sense. It is a methodology of learning-comparing-learning, at least within small and medium sized enterprises. This learning is not just limited to learn by copying successful concepts from other enterprises or competitors. It starts in learning more about the own company, about its structure and processes causing its own success or its failure. This kind of learning is necessary before the enterprise starts watching for a suitable Benchmarking partner. Learning from each other's strengths and weaknesses is the main goal of the European research project Quality beyond Borders! By using the Benchmarking methodology, small and medium sized enterprises get the opportunity to take part in a Benchmarking study and can learn more about the different strengths and weaknesses of other enterprises on both sides of the border. The results of such a Benchmarking can help to identify potentials for future cooperations among German and Polish enterprises in the same market or business. These potentials can lie in different ways of realising the same success or top-position. The Benchmarking study is not focused on an special business or region. That helps to find out trends for different kinds of top-positions, which can be claimed in all markets within a country. Every trend is characterised by different success factors which are responsible for the success in this top-position. In a first overview, the results of the Benchmarking study show 5 different groups of top-positions within a market which all have different profiles regarding to the importance of their success factors. By the end of the Benchmarking study it will be possible, to give answer about the special reasons for different kind of successes of these groups. These answers can be related to a special region within a country, a special business or of course related to possible differences in the expression of the group success factors in comparison of both countries.

Analysing the Meaning of Quality Management in Cross-border Business Cooperations by using Benchmarking Methodology

( Maurice Basler ),( Matthias Voigt ),( Ralf Woll ) 한국품질경영학회 2007 The Asian Journal on Quality Vol.8 No.2

Benchmarking is more than just a comparison of measures about different company`s performance in a wider sense. It is a methodology of learning-comparing-learning, at least within small and medium sized enterprises. This learning is not just limited to learn by copying successful concepts from other enterprises or competitors. It starts in learning more about the own company, about its structure and processes causing its own success or its failure. This kind of learning is necessary before the enterprise starts watching for a suitable Benchmarking partner. Learning from each other`s strengths and weaknesses is the main goal of the European research project Quality beyond Borders! By using the Benchmarking methodology, small and medium sized enterprises get the opportunity to take part in a Benchmarking study and can learn more about the different strengths and weaknesses of other enterprises on both sides of the border. The results of such a Benchmarking can help to identify potentials for future cooperations among German and Polish enterprises in the same market or business. These potentials can lie in different ways of realising the same success or top-position. The Benchmarking study is not focused on an special business or region. That helps to find out trends for different kinds of top-positions, which can be claimed in all markets within a country. Every trend is characterised by different success factors which are responsible for the success in this top-position. In a first overview, the results of the Benchmarking study show 5 different groups of top-positions within a market which all have different profiles regarding to the importance of their success factors. By the end of the Benchmarking study it will be possible, to give answer about the special reasons for different kind of successes of these groups. These answers can be related to a special region within a country, a special business or of course related to possible differences in the expression of the group success factors in comparison of both countries.

의류 브랜드 커뮤니티의 이용욕구 충족과 커뮤니티 몰입의 관계: 의류 브랜드 이미지의 조절효과

홍희숙 ( Hee Sook Hong ),류성민 ( Sung Min Ryu ),문철우 ( Chul Woll Moon ) 한국마케팅과학회 2007 마케팅과학연구 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구는 의류 브랜드 온라인 커뮤니티의 이용욕구충족과 커뮤니티 몰입간의 관계 및 이들 관계에 대한 브랜드 이미지의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 9개 캐주얼 의류 브랜드 커뮤니티 회원 317명을 대상으로 온라인 서베이를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 의류 브랜드 커뮤니티에서의 이용욕구 충족은 커뮤니티에 대한 몰입과 유의한 관계가 있었다. 그리고 조절회귀분석 결과, 의류 브랜드 커뮤니티에서의 관계욕구 충족이 커뮤니티 몰입(감정적 몰입, 지속적 몰입, 규범적 몰입)에 영향을 미칠때 의류 브랜드 이미지 수준에 따른 조절효과가 작용함이 발견되었다. 또한 의류 브랜드 이미지의 조절효과는 의류 브랜드 커뮤니티에서의 거래욕구 충족과 커뮤니티에 대한 감정적 몰입의 관계에서도 나타났다. 특히 의류 브랜드 커뮤니티인 경우, 커뮤니티에서의 관계욕구 충족수준에 따른 커뮤니티 몰입의 정도는 브랜드 이미지가 낮을 때 보다 높을 때 더 크게 나타났다. 이것은 의류 브랜드 커뮤니티에서의 이용욕구 충족을 통해 회원들의 커뮤니티 몰입을 증대시키는 전략은 의류 브랜드 이미지 수준이 다른 의류 브랜드 유형에 따라 그 효과에 차이가 있음을 의미한다. 따라서 의류기업의 마케터들은 자사 브랜드의 이미지 수준을 평가하고, 이에 맞춰 커뮤니티 몰입을 증대시키는 전략을 모색할 필요가 있다. 브랜드 커뮤니티에 대한 몰입은 브랜드에 대한 구전이나 재구매 행동과 연결되므로, 명품 의류 브랜드들인 경우 온라인 브랜드 커뮤니티를 구축하고 회원들의 커뮤니티에 대한 몰입을 증대시킴으로써 브랜드 자산을 극대화시킬 수 있을 것이다. Due to the high broadband internet penetration rate and its group-oriented culture, various types of online communities operate in Korea. This study use ``Uses and Gratification Approach, and argue that members`` usage-needs satisfaction with brand community is an important factor for promoting community commitment. Based on previous studies identifying the effect of brand image on consumers` responses to various marketing stimuli, this study hypothesizes that brand image can be a moderate variable affecting the relationship between usage-needs satisfaction with brand community and members` commitment to brand community. This study analyzes the influence of usage-needs satisfaction on brand community commitment and how apparel brand image affects the relationships between usage-needs satisfactions and community commitments. The hypotheses of this study are proposed as follows. H1-3: The usage-needs satisfaction of apparel brand community (interest, transaction, relationship needs) influences emotional (H1), continuous (H2), and normative (H3) commitments to apparel brand communities. H4-6: Apparel brand image has a moderating effect on the relationship between usage-needs satisfaction and emotional (H4), continuous (H5), and normative (H6) commitments to apparel brand communities. METHODS Brand communities founded by non-company affiliates were excluded and emphasis was placed instead on communities created by apparel brand companies. Among casual apparel brands registered in 6 Korean portal sites in August 2003, a total of 9 casual apparel brand online communities were chosen, depending on the level of community activity and apparel brand image. Data from 317 community members were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, moderated regression analysis, ANOVA, and scheffe test. Among 317 respondents answered an online html-type questionnaire, 80.5% were between 16 to 25 years old. There were a total of 150 respondents from apparel brand communities(n=3) recording higher-than-average brand image scores (Mean > 3.75) and a total of 162 respondents from apparel brand communities(n=6) recording lower-than-average brand image scores(Mean < 3.75). In this study, brand community commitment was measured by a 5-point Likert scale: emotional, continuous and normative commitment. The degree of usage-needs satisfaction (interest, transaction, relationship needs) was measured on a 5-point Likert scale. The level of brand image was measured by a 5-point Likert scale: strength, favorability, and uniqueness of brand associations. RESULTS In the results of exploratory factor analysis, the three usage-needs satisfactions with brand community were classified as interest, transaction, and relationship needs. Brand community commitment was also divided into the multi-dimensional factors: emotional, continuous, and normative commitments. The regression analysis (using a stepwise method) was used to test the influence of 3 independent variables (interest-needs satisfaction, transaction-needs, and relationship-needs satisfactions) on the 3 dependent variables (emotional, continuous and normative commitments). The three types of usage-needs satisfactions are positively associated with the three types of commitments to apparel brand communities. Therefore, hypothesis 1, 2, and 3 were significantly supported. Moderating effects of apparel brand image on the relationship between usage-needs satisfaction and brand community commitments were tested by moderated regression analysis. The statistics result showed that the influence of transaction-needs on emotional commitment was significantly moderated by apparel brand image. In addition, apparel brand image had moderating effects on the relationship between relationship-needs satisfaction and emotional, continuous and normative commitments to apparel brand communities. However, there were not significant moderate effects of apparel brand image on the relationships between interest-needs satisfaction and 3 types of commitments (emotional, continuous and normative commitments) to apparel brand communities. In addition, the influences of transaction-needs satisfaction on 2 types of commitments (continuous and normative commitments) were not significantly moderated by apparel brand image. Therefore, hypothesis 4, 5 and 6 were partially supported. To explain the moderating effects of apparel brand image, four cross-tabulated groups were made by averages of usage-needs satisfaction (interest-needs satisfaction avg. M=3.09, transaction-needs satisfaction avg. M=3.46, relationship-needs satisfaction M=1.62) and the average apparel brand image (M=3.75). The average scores of commitments in each classified group are presented in Tables and Figures. There were significant differences among four groups. As can be seen from the results of scheffe test on the tables, emotional commitment in community group with high brand image was higher than one in community group with low brand image when transaction-needs satisfaction was high. However, when transaction-needs satisfaction was low, there was not any difference between the community group with high brand image and community group with low brand image regarding emotional commitment to apparel brand communities. It means that emotional commitment didn`t increase significantly without high satisfaction of transaction-needs, despite the high apparel brand image. In addition, when apparel brand image was low, increase in transaction-needs did not lead to the increase in emotional commitment. Therefore, the significant relationship between transaction-needs satisfaction and emotional commitment was found in only brand communities with high apparel brand image, and the moderating effect of apparel brand image on this relationship between two variables was found in the communities with high satisfaction of transaction-needs only. Statistics results showed that the level of emotional commitment is related to the satisfaction level of transaction-needs, while overall response is related to the level of apparel brand image. We also found that the role of apparel brand image as a moderating factor was limited by the level of transaction-needs satisfaction. In addition, relationship-needs satisfaction brought significant increase in emotional commitment in both community groups (high and low levels of brand image), and the effect of apparel brand image on emotional commitment was significant in both community groups (high and low levels of relationship-needs satisfaction). Especially, the effect of brand image was greater when the level of relationship-needs satisfaction was high. in contrast, increase in emotional commitment responding to increase in relationship-needs satisfaction was greater when apparel brand image is high. The significant influences of relationship-needs satisfaction on community commitments (continuous and normative commitments) were found regardless of apparel brand image(in both community groups with low and high brand image). However, the effects of apparel brand image on continuous and normative commitments were found in only community group with high satisfaction level of relationship-needs. In the case of communities with low satisfaction levels of relationship needs, apparel brand image marginally increases continuous and normative commitments. Therefore, we could not find the moderating effect of apparel brand image on the relationship between relationship-needs satisfaction and continuous and normative commitments in community groups with low satisfaction levels of relationship needs, CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS From the results of this study, we draw several conclusions; First, the increases in usage-needs satisfactions through apparel brand communities result in the increases in commitments to apparel brand communities, wheres the degrees of such relationship depends on the level of apparel brand image. That is, apparel brand image is a moderating factor strengthening the relationship between usage-needs satisfaction and commitment to apparel brand communities. In addition, the effect of apparel brand image differs, depending on the level and types of community usage-needs satisfactions. Therefore, marketers of apparel brand companies must determine the appropriate usage-needs, depending on the type of commitment they wish to increase and the level of their apparel brand image, to promote member`s commitments to apparel brand communities. Especially, relationship-needs satisfaction was very important factor for increasing emotional, continuous and normative commitments to communities. However the level of relationship-needs satisfaction was lower than interest-needs and transaction-needs. satisfaction. According to previous study on apparel brand communities, relationship-need satisfaction was strongly related to member`s intention of participation in their communities. Therefore, marketers need to develope various strategies in order to increase the relationship- needs as well as interest and transaction needs. In addition, despite continuous commitment was higher than emotional and normative commitments, all types of commitments to apparel brand communities had scores lower than 3.0 that was mid point in 5-point scale. A Korean study reported that the level of members` commitment to apparel brand community influenced customers` identification with a brand and brand purchasing behavior. Therefore, marketers should try to increase members` usage-needs satisfaction and apparel brand image as the necessary conditions for bringing about community commitments. Second, marketers should understand that they should keep in mind that increasing the level of community usage needs (transaction and relationship) is most effective in raising commitment when the level of apparel brand image is high, and that increasing usage needs (transaction needs) satisfaction in communities with low brand image might not be as effective as anticipated. Therefore, apparel companies with desirable brand image such as luxury designer goods firms need to create formal online brand communities (as opposed to informal communities with rudimentary online contents) to satisfy transaction and relationship needs systematically. It will create brand equity through consumers` increased emotional, continuous and normative commitments. Even though apparel brand is very famous, emotional commitment to apparel brand communities cannot be easily increased without transaction-needs satisfaction. Therefore famous fashion brand companies should focus on developing various marketing strategies to increase transaction-needs satisfaction.

Video tutorials for QM tools as an instrument for resource-efficient knowledge transfer while maintaining the quality of the results

( Jane Worlitz(m. Sc) ),( Stefan Peplowsky ),( Anne Stabler ),( Ing Ralf Woll(prof. Dr. ) ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Because of the increasing importance of computer skills for the professional life it is important to train the practical appliance of quality tools by using software during the study. The different levels of knowledge of the students concerning their software skills bear the challenge of regarding these distinctions. The aim of this research is to verify the applicability of video tutorials for the improvement of software skills. Video tutorials will be tested as teaching material of self-regulated learning. Approach The analysis was carried out in four steps. The first step determined the level of computer skills of German adolescents and the impact those skills have on the universal apprenticeship. The self-regulated learning as a concept to even out missing knowledge is being explained in the second step. Furthermore examples such as action learning are being presented. The attention however is focused on the concept of e-learning and especially on video tutorials because it is a concept of self-regulated learning that was tested in this research. The third step of the research implies the development of the video tutorial prototype that was used in this study. The first part of that section describes criteria of how to design a video tutorial. Those criteria were identified from literature research. In the second part of the section prototypes were developed. The created video tutorials were tested in the fourth step of the research. 65 students were parted in two groups and asked to work on an assignment concerning the use of quality tools in Microsoft Excel. One group used video tutorials and the other group was guided by a teacher. Before and after the assignment the students were asked to fill out a survey. The first survey contained questions of how the students estimate their Microsoft Excel skills. In the second survey the students were asked to evaluate the aid they had to help fulfilling the assignment. Furthermore the time to solve the task and the results were recorded.

연구논문 / 감마선 조사와 조사 후 보존제 처리가 절화 장미 및 국화의 수명에 미치는 영향

박인환(In Hwan Park),정연승(Yeun Seung Jung),이월순(Woll Soon Lee),권중호(Joong Ho Kwon),변명우(Myung Woo Byun) 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 1999 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.6 No.3

What customers want? -Determing of requirements and their relevance!

( Dipl. -ing. S. Peplowsky ),( A. Kawald,B. Sc. ),( D. Dobbrick,B. Sc. ),( B. Rich,M. Sc. ),( Prof. Dr. -ing. R. Woll ) 한국품질경영학회 2015 한국품질경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.2

Purpose: Nowadays a customer, who wants to buy a high quality product, faces to a variety of choices and decision possibilities. This results in a higher risk, that the customer does not get the product which he has imagined. This could be particularly annoying for high involvement purchases. Hence, the present research project is developing selection assistance for customers. The peculiarity of this selection support is that not only objective requirements should be processed as usual, but also subjective requirements. The main focus is on contradictions and interactions between the individual product requirements. A current study of the Allensbach Institute for Public Opinion Research from July 2014 shows that, around 790,000 persons in Germany have the intention to buy a new motorbike within the next two years. For this reason a motorbike was chosen as research object. Before the customer can fulfill his dream of an own motorbike, he has to manage the range of motorbike models. To find the right motorcycle is difficult and depends on numerous of individual factors. The intention of this paper is to determine, which requirements are purchasing decisions and furthermore to prove, whether these criteria can be assigned to different customer profiles. This will help to simplify the decision process of prospective customers. Methodology: The topic of this paper was examined by a literature research and two studies. For this purpose a face-to-face interview was carried out. Results of these interviews were requirements, which provide helping individuals when buying a motorcycle. Based on a cluster analysis around 1,000 customer requirements were compressed in 37 different criteria. Since the basis of the most frequently mentioned requirement cannot be inferred directly to their relevance for the purchase decision, the significances of the identified criteria were evaluated by means of another survey. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted, which was, among other things communicated through various motorcycle forums. The data of 1,011 participants were evaluated and analyzed for specifics regarding exemplary customer profiles. Both gender-specific and age-specific differences were seen. Results: It can be noted, that there are only slight differences concerning the relevance of requested customer requirements. The cliches of women preferring looks and men preferring performance could not be confirmed in the study. For both profiles, the handling is the most relevant attribute for a motorcycle purchase and should receive attention of potential purchaser. The results of the generated ranking of most important requirement regarding each customer group enable a decision support for the potential motorbike purchaser. Value of paper: The conducted investigation is a part of a current research project. Based on the subject motorbikes, contradictions and interactions of the requirement management will be investigated.