Information seeking and the world wide web : A qualitative study of seventh-grade students' search behavior during an inquiry activity

Wolcott, Mark S UMI 1998 국내박사

The Knotting of theta-curves and other graphs in S(`3)

Wolcott, Keith University Microfilms International 1986 국내박사

Network strategy, innovation and performance: A taxonomy of firm networks based on competencies, network economics and market structure, and its application to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries

Wolcott, Robert C Northwestern University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This research presents a Taxonomy of firm networks, based on the motivations of participants. Motivational distinctions provide insights into the conditions under which firms create hybrid governance forms, important for researchers and practitioners. The <bolditalic>Motivations Taxonomy</bolditalic> integrates strategy and economics literatures into a more holistic perspective on network strategy. The Taxonomy categorizes firm network types into Network Economics, Competencies and Market Structure, representing integration between participants and change as additional dimensions. “Change” introduces a dynamic, evolutionary aspect. The conclusion reviews the Taxonomy as a mechanism for investigating the evolution and life cycles of firm networks. An analysis of alliances within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries develops the Framework, including a historical discussion from 1945–2001, and an empirical examination of the relationship between <italic> Collaboration Rate</italic> (CR) and market performance of US pharmaceutical firms. Case examples, supported quantitatively and qualitatively, provide evidence for the efficacy and implications of the Taxonomy. The industry history identifies <italic>critical events</italic> in terms of the Taxonomy that have transformed industry relationships. The empirical analysis evidences that from 1990–2001 the equities of large U.S. pharmaceutical firms that allied more also performed better in terms of market valuation and total return. A strong, statistically significant linear relationship exists between CR and both total return and P/E ratios. The strength of the correlation increased dramatically between 1996–2001. The research also introduces <bolditalic>network specificity</bolditalic>, following from asset and firm specificity of the economics and strategy literatures. Network specificity applies where resources or capabilities have greater value as part of a particular network of firms, than in the general marketplace. Investments in network specific resources should provide some explanation for differential firm performance. The resource-based, competencies, governance and relational view strategy literatures, as well as the industrial organization and network economics literatures, provide theoretical grounding.

A study of the moral judgment of university student leaders

Wolcott, David A University of Virginia 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Since the seventeenth century, American colleges and universities have viewed the moral development of their students as a critical part of their mission. In addition, many colleges and universities view leadership development as a critical component of the collegiate experience. The purpose of this study was to discover variations in moral judgment between university student judicial leaders and university student organization leaders. It also compared the moral judgment of university student leaders with data from national normative samples. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) was sent to 110 student leaders. Fifty-nine surveys were returned for an overall response rate of 54 percent. Upon scoring the DIT, five measures of moral judgment were obtained. Indices were provided for Rest's three schemas of moral judgment: personal interest, maintaining norms, and post-conventional (i.e. the P- and N2-scores). The P- and N2-scores measured the relative weight a respondent placed on post-conventional thinking. A statistically significant difference was found between leader type and preference for the personal interest schema. No other statistically significant differences were found between leader type, educational level, and the five measures of moral judgment. Statistically significant differences were found between (1) leader type and story resolution and (2) educational level and story resolution, on two of the DIT dilemmas. Father's educational attainment was positively correlated with the personal interest schema and negatively correlated with both the P- and N2-scores. Mother's educational attainment was positively correlated with the personal interest schema and negatively correlated with the N2-score. Political orientation was negatively correlated with the maintaining norms schema and positively correlated with both the P- and N2-scores. A statistically significant difference was found between the quartile distribution of student leaders and that of a heterogeneous sample distributed equally across P-score quartiles. No statistically significant differences were found between the P-scores of undergraduate student leaders and national normative samples. Statistically significant differences were found between the P-scores of graduate student leaders and national normative samples. In each instance, graduate student leaders scored lower than their counterparts in national normative samples. Conclusions, implications, and recommendations were presented based on these findings.

Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing: Weld Optimization for Aluminum 6061, Development of Scarf Joints for Aluminum Sheet Metal, and Joining of High Strength Metals

Wolcott, Paul J The Ohio State University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a low temperature, solid-state manufacturing process that enables the creation of layered, solid metal structures with designed anisotropies and embedded materials. As a low temperature process, UAM enables the creation of active composites containing smart materials, components with embedded sensors, thermal management devices, and many others. The focus of this work is on the improvement and characterization of UAM aluminum structures, advancing the capabilities of ultrasonic joining into sheet geometries, and examination of dissimilar material joints using the technology. Optimized process parameters for Al 6061 were identified via a design of experiments study indicating a weld amplitude of 32.8 synum and a weld speed of 200 in/min as optimal. Weld force and temperature were not significant within the levels studied. A methodology of creating large scale builds is proposed, including a prescribed random stacking sequence and overlap of 0.0035 in. (0.0889 mm) for foils to minimize voids and maximize mechanical strength. Utilization of heat treatments is shown to significantly increase mechanical properties of UAM builds, within 90% of bulk material. The applied loads during the UAM process were investigated to determine the stress fields and plastic deformation induced during the process. Modeling of the contact mechanics via Hertzian contact equations shows that significant stress is applied via sonotrode contact in the process. Contact modeling using finite element analysis (FEA), including plasticity, indicates that 5000 N normal loads result in plastic deformation in bulk aluminum foil, while at 3000 N no plastic deformation occurs. FEA studies on the applied loads during the process, specifically a 3000 N normal force and 2000 N shear force, show that high stresses and plastic deformation occur at the edges of a welded foil, and base of the UAM build. Microstructural investigations of heat treated foils confirms that plastic deformation occurs in the bulk of the foil, while previous studies have only identified microstructural changes to the bond interface region. A methodology for joining aluminum 6061 sheet material 0.076 in. (1.93 mm) thick is proposed based on iterative design studies which identified a scarf joint configuration as viable. Design of experiments studies indicate optimal properties can be achieved using a scarf joint angle of 10SO. Room temperature and elevated temperature tensile, and room temperature fatigue testing exhibit joint mechanical properties similar to solid, homogeneous material. Successful joints were achieved for Al/Ti, aluminum to steel, steel to aluminum, and steel to steel combinations. Mechanical characterization studies of Al/Ti combinations indicate that post-process heat treatments can significantly increase mechanical properties. Microstructural evaluations including electron back scatter diffraction show significant deformation within the softer aluminum layers. Investigations of Al/steel combinations indicate that mostly voidless interfaces occur and that plastic deformation is present in the steel layers only. Steel to steel combinations, while proven possible, require further work to enhance the consistency of the joints and improve the ability to build larger structures.

Immune Responses to Noxious Xenobiotics

Palm, Noah Wolcott Yale University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The innate immune system senses the presence of infection through detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and instructs the adaptive immune system on when, how and to which antigens to respond. We examined innate and adaptive immune responses to two classes of non-infectious antigens---haptenated proteins and venoms. Haptenated proteins are used to elicit T-dependent antibody responses. Although adaptive responses to many infections and immunizations require Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent innate instruction, we found that T helper cell and antibody responses to haptenated proteins were independent of known pattern recognition receptors, including TLRs. Therefore, haptenated proteins either bypass the requirement for innate instruction of adaptive immunity, or trigger an alternative innate immune sensing pathway. Venoms consist of complex mixtures of toxic components delivered to their victims via bites or stings, and are used by various animals (e.g., insects and snakes) for defense and predation. Venoms are also well known as allergens. Notably, many classes of allergens, including venoms, are highly noxious. We hypothesized that the innate immune system might sense these 'noxious xenobiotics' via detection of their toxic activities and instruct innate and adaptive immune responses that would promote their detoxification and clearance. We found that bee venom and the cell-lytic peptide melittin from bee venom could trigger activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome, leading to Caspase 1 activation and IL-1beta secretion. Strikingly, Caspase 1-deficient mice were hypersensitive to the toxic effects of bee and snake venom, suggesting that an inflammasome-dependent immune response can promote venom detoxification and clearance. Bee venom and bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) also induced IgE production and a T helper type-2 (Th2) response. These responses were independent of TLRs and Caspase-1. However, bee venom and bvPLA2 could stimulate basophil IL-4-production in vitro, and basophil depletion attenuated the Th2 response to bvPLA2 in vivo . Taken together, these data suggest that the innate immune system can sense noxious xenobiotics, such as venoms, via detection of their toxic activities and can enhance resistance to their noxious effects. The detection of venoms also results in the instruction of Th2 and IgE responses, which may promote detoxification and clearance (as well as condition future avoidance) of noxious xenobiotics by mediating an allergic response. These data demonstrate a new role for the immune response that is separate from defense against infection and suggest a potential reinterpretation of the purpose of the allergic response.

Transformative learning: Insights into women seminarians' decisions to pursue ordination

Fewell, Jilaine Wolcott The Ohio State University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The purposes of this study were (1) to discover and investigate the factors that influence women seminarians to alter their programs in order to pursue ordination, (2) to explore the connections between the emerging factors and Mezirow's theory of perspective transformation, (3) to critique the theory on the basis of these factors, and (4) to explore the connections between the factors and other strands of thought regarding transformative learning: consciousness-raising, development, and extra-rational/spiritual. As the data-gathering phase progressed it became clear that each of the women participating in the study had been profoundly impacted by her gender and the traditional roles assigned to her gender. Thus, a further purpose of the study became the exploration this impact. Twenty-four women participated. All were either current students or graduates of the Methodist Theological School of Ohio. Qualitative research strategies of interview, participant observation, and field notes were used to illuminate the topic. Data analysis was accomplished by coding the data into definable elements. These elements were assembled into a realist tale to tell the story of why women, who enter seminary with no intention of becoming ordained, decide to pursue ordination. The data are presented through the stories of three composite women—Ella, Lily, and Sadie (pseudonyms). Telling the stories through composites made it possible to view the data through the lens of the four strands of thought regarding transformative learning and the impact of gender. The women of the study had experiences related to the strands of transformative learning to various degrees. All were impacted by gender. Ella's story relates the experiences of nine women who most typified the phases of Mezirow's theory of perspective transformation. Lily's story tells of transformational experiences of the remaining fifteen women. This story is representative of the other strands of transformative learning. Sadie's story presents the impact of gender and traditional female roles and expectations upon all twenty-four women. The study suggests four conclusions: (1) a new model of understanding the women's decisions, (2) the importance of gender to the women's decisions, (3) the importance of context and (4) power to the women's decisions.

Accommodating graduate student learning styles in post-professional online occupational therapy courses

Doyle, Nancy Wolcott Boston University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Within occupational therapy there are calls to promote both evidence-based (Bondoc, 2005) and inclusive (Hansen & Hinojosa, 2009) education. There is also a growing trend of distance learning, where instructors and students are separated by physical distance (Hollis & Madill, 2006). Based on personal communications with students enrolled in the Boston University online post-professional Master of Science program, a good match between learning style and course material is one of the critical factors promoting learner success and satisfaction in their studies. However, there is limited evidence within the occupational therapy literature to help instructors accommodate for different learning styles in their online courses. This doctoral project (1) identifies two learning style assessments which allow online students to better understand their individual learning needs, (2) investigates evidence and best practice in accommodating different learning styles in online education, (3) modifies an online course module and related major assignments to provide a variety of learning experiences (e.g., assignment format options) for students with different learning styles and preferences, (4) implements the modified module, and (5) surveys students participating in the research study regarding their learning experience in this module. Project results suggest that students find the study of learning styles enjoyable and applicable to their clinical work, but are often motivated by factors such as time and technology rather than learning style when selecting the format of a course assignment. The project's results will contribute to three areas in occupational therapy addressing the specific needs of online students (Hollis & Madill, 2006; Trujillo, 2007), providing more evidence-based education (AOTA, 2007a; Bondoc, 2005), and building a more diverse profession (AOTA, 2007a; Hansen & Hinojosa, 2009; WFOT, 2008).

Rethinking the revolution: Utopia and pragmatism in Catalan anarchosyndicalism, 1930--1936 (Spain)

Getman-Eraso, Jordi Wolcott The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study examines significant and apparently paradoxical changes in tactical direction of the anarchosyndicalist trade-union confederation CNT during the period leading up to the Spanish Civil War. My aim is to go beyond institutional and ideological stereotypes to explore the inconsistencies in the anarchosyndicalist revolutionary utopia and their effect on the movement's evolution. The CNT was an organization troubled by a series of deep-seated contradictions and ambiguities, from its ideological influences to its operational directives to its deep cultural roots in Catalan worker society. These contradictions made it impossible to establish a coherent and stable identity for the syndicate, condemning it to exist in a continual state of flux, easily vacillating between moments of strength and moments of weakness, from cohesive organization to chaos, from radicalism to moderation, and ultimately from success to failure. My first concern is to identify and examine the contradictions in their ideological, structural, and operational forms. My second concern is to concentrate on the manner in which these paradoxes shaped the practical existence of the Catalan regional of the CNT, from the proclamation of the Spanish Second Republic in April 1931 to the outbreak of fratricidal war five years later in July 1936. The study of the Catalan CNT underlines, in a concentrated form, the evolution of the Spanish libertarian revolutionary utopia, from its birth and initial stages of development to its culminating moment as an instrument of social transformation.