Staffing and programming patterns in Ohio State University Extension

Walker, Calvin Louis The Ohio State University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The purpose of this qualitative/descriptive study was to describe organizational change within Ohio State University Extension as it relates to staffing patterns and clientele served from 1970 to 1998. The study also described selected demographic characteristics of Ohio. The study sought to determine whether staff within OSU Extension and the clientele it served has changed as selected demographics in Ohio changed. Two methods of gathering data were used in this study. The first method was secondary data. Data collected from this source were population by sex; population by race (white/non-white); population of rural and urban citizens; poverty level by state in selected rural and urban counties; number of single-parent families in Ohio; literacy rates; number of non-English speaking people in Ohio; and the number of agricultural farms within the state. OSU Extension data were collected from Extension annual reports and the OSU Archives. Data were also gathered through the use of interviews from faculty representing each of the management levels of the Extension program (i.e., state administration, state specialists, Extension district directors, Extension county chairs, and a former Extension personnel leader). In 1970, 75% of OSU Extension staff were male. This changed in 1998, as women became an integral part of OSU Extension comprising 44% of the total staff, reducing the male agents to 56%. Data show that in 1970 OSU Extension had three non-white agents, less than 1% of its total. In 1998, 27 non-white agents representing 5% were a part of the Extension staff. However, during that same time period, Ohio's non-white population grew from 9% in 1970 to 12% in 1998. The rural/urban population remained basically at 25% and 75% respectfully, through 1970–1990. Clientele who participated in OSU Extension educational programs changed. In 1980, 96% of OSU Extension participants were white and 4% were non-white. By 1997, 16% of OSU Extension clients were non-white reducing the white participation to 84%. The clientele to staff ratio varied greatly between rural and urban audiences. In the selected rural counties of Harrison, Monroe, and Noble, the combined population was 43,403 with a ratio of 3,339 county residents to 1 agent. The selected urban counties Cuyahoga, Franklin, and Hamilton had a combined population of 3,272,892 with a ratio of 163,645 county residents to 1 agent. Furthermore, while the rural population was decreasing, the number of farms was decreasing by 57% from 1970 to 1997. Land in agricultural production also decreased from 17 million acres to 14 million, which is a loss of 3 million acres of productive farmland.

The Ohio State University Synchronized Swimming Program, 1928--1995: "The People. The Tradition. The Excellence."

Logan, Allison Leigh Housman The Ohio State University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The detailed study of everyday events and experiences that has been a hallmark of women's sport history has included very little about the institutional histories and sport experiences of women who engage in sports organized exclusively for women (i.e., those that have no male counterpart at any level), such as synchronized swimming. Clearly, not all women have the same institutional histories or sporting experiences, nor do they have the same opportunity to share their voice, individually or collectively. Importantly, however, the histories, traditions and experiences of women who partake in female dominate sports often vary markedly from those who participate and compete in traditionally male sporting activities, especially at the collegiate level. By investigating the institutional history and sporting experiences of the synchronized swimmers at Ohio State from 1928-1995 and incorporating those experiences into historical context, I attempted to discover and reveal the depth, variety, and complexities of these female sporting experience in a sport, organized solely for women. I examined the institutional history of this program from a variety of historical perspectives to better understand the significance the sport has had at Ohio State and in the lives of these collegiate women. I researched the following questions. 1. Why is it important to document the institutional history of the synchronized swimming program at Ohio State?. 2. What is the significance of these sporting experiences to the larger body of Ohio State and women's sport history scholarship?. 3. Who were the pioneering women (and men) responsible for creating, developing, and maintaining one of the most extraordinary women's collegiate sports program in the country?. 4. How and why did these women get involved in the sport of synchronized swimming at Ohio State?. 5. How and why has Ohio State become such a powerhouse in the sport?. These and other questions were designed to reveal and gain insight into a female sport that, for the most part, has been largely ignored. The purpose of this dissertation is to document the institutional history of this unique sport by supplementing Ohio State archival materials with information and personal stories provided by the participants and coaches of this remarkable program through surveys and interviews. This project will begin to allow synchronized swimmers at Ohio State to find their voices, to tell their stories, and to assert themselves as historical subjects, not only in Ohio State athletic history, but also in the larger milieu of women's sport history.

Assessment and future direction of the Ohio State University Aquaculture Program

Tiu, Laura G The Ohio State University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The Ohio State University Aquaculture Program (OSUAP) has been providing information to Ohio aquaculture producers since 1990. Primary goals of the program were to increase the number of aquaculture producers and volume of aquaculture production and enhance the economic viability of the aquaculture industry in Ohio. In order to address impact, accountability, and guide future programming efforts, a mail census survey was conducted to describe Ohio aquaculture producers and their businesses and assess the impact of the OSUAP on producers and the industry. A profile of the typical Ohio aquaculture producer reflects a white, male in his fifties. Farming was not his primary occupation and he was usually employed in a full-time job off the farm. More than half of Ohio aquaculture producers do not belong to an aquaculture association. Ohio aquaculture producers occasionally use the Internet to obtain aquaculture production information, although over three-fourths report having access to the Internet. Two-thirds of Ohio Aquaculture producers report annual aquaculture sales of less than $10,000 while five percent reported sales in excess of $500,000. Ohio aquaculture producers obtain information from a variety of sources. The top five sources ranked in terms of value are books, other producers, the Internet, the Ohio State University Aquaculture Program, and neighbors and friends. The majority of Ohio aquaculture producers were aware of the OSUAP and had used or benefited from the products and services it had provided in the past. These data indicate that the OSUAP has contributed to the economic efficiency of Ohio aquaculture producers by providing information sources that increase knowledge, are applicable to their aquaculture businesses, and have some economic value. Ohio aquaculture producers ranked water quality, fish nutrition, aeration, fingerling production, marketing, fish genetics, and regulations as topics of greatest importance for future OSUAP research and Extension programming. Aquaculture producers preferred to get their information via newsletters and mail. The utility of this research is to provide direction for the future of the OSUAP. The OSUAP had an impact on Ohio aquaculture producers that appears to have contributed to the growth and economic efficiency of the aquaculture industry in Ohio. A multiple-output strategy, concentrating on high-touch and therefore high impact activities, should be continued. However, an opportunity exists to reach those not currently utilizing the OSUAP. Findings from this study can be used in developing new programs designed to address needs identified by Ohio aquaculture producers.

Analysis of production practices and demographic characteristics of the Ohio maple syrup industry

Graham, Gary William The Ohio State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Ohio ranks as the fifth highest volume producer of maple syrup in the United States, contributing on average $2.5 million to Ohio's economy. Despite over 90 years of service by Ohio State University (OSU) Extension, little information is available concerning the Ohio maple syrup industry. Initial surveys conducted at OSU Extension maple syrup education programs revealed that 82% of attendees relied on OSU Extension programs to stay current with maple production practices, further justifying the need for information on production practices and producer demographics. In 2004, a detailed survey was sent to all known Ohio maple syrup producers with the goal of elucidating relationships among production factors and demographic characteristics. Eighty-seven percent (n = 909) of the surveys were returned, with 68% (n = 620) of the returns indicating they were active maple syrup operations. Based on these surveys, the maple syrup industry in Ohio is best characterized as a very traditional enterprise of small, second generation, family-owned sugarbushes, that predominately utilize bucket collection systems. However, there are important differences among demographic groups. For example, chi-square analyses suggest that Amish producers in the state have significantly larger sugaring operations (>250 taps), utilize bucket collection systems rather than more advanced tubing systems, and are younger than non-Amish producers (P < 0.05). Amish producers are also less likely to attend OSU Extension programming than their fellow non-Amish producers, while those older (≥53 years of age) non-Amish producers with large operations utilizing tubing collection systems were more likely to attend (P < 0.05). These relationships suggest that current OSU Extension programming is adequately serving non-Amish maple syrup producers; however, different approaches are likely needed to improve outreach and engagement of the underserved Amish maple syrup producers and the smaller (≤250 taps) non-Amish sugaring operations.

An evaluation and comparison of geographically targeted economic development programs in Ohio and Piedmont, Italy

Hultquist, Andy The Ohio State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Geographically targeted industrial incentives have been a key component of U.S. state and local policymakers' economic development toolkits since the introduction of Enterprise Zones spurred renewed interest in them, and represent a frequently used development instrument within the European Union as well. Political use of, and support for, such policies has remained high in the past two decades despite a growing body of evaluation research suggesting that many of these programs have had little effect on business location decisions and produce only marginal investment and employment growth in targeted areas relative to economically comparable locations not receiving incentives. However, many comparative aspects of economic development remain underexplored. Existing evaluations of geographically targeted incentives typically consist of single-program evaluations within a state or region, ignore the availability of multiple incentives within a given location, or make assumptions regarding the comparability of programs across locations that may not be accurate. Yet the presence of multiple incentives and differences in their operation may have important consequences on the outcomes and effectiveness of any individual program. With policymakers reluctant to abandon these programs despite pessimistic evaluations, it is important to not only determine if targeted economic development works generally, but also what specific aspects of programs produce results. This dissertation examines the effect of multiple geographically targeted incentives on industrial outcomes in Ohio, a state that has relied heavily on incentives to bolster its historically prominent but now declining manufacturing sector, and in the Piedmont region of Italy, which has also historically relied on incentive use to remedy economic distress in its historically important but recently troubled manufacturing industry. Examining local Enterprise Zones, Ohio's state-level Job Creation Tax Credit program, and federal-level Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities operating in Ohio and a selection of 31 separate programs at four levels of government administration that have been used in Piedmont, this dissertation investigates the effects of the presence and interaction of multiple programs within a single region. This allows detection of performance differences along economic dimensions, compares program effectiveness across levels of geographic administration, and addresses whether incentives are complementary or constitute zero-sum competition for finite economic growth potential. Fixed-effects regression models controlling for both place and time-specific effects are employed to test the effect of incentives on changes employment and wages for establishments by industry at the ZIP code level. Areas receiving incentives are compared to non-program ZIP codes exhibiting similar economic and distress characteristics, controlling economic growth occurring in the absence of program intervention. Information on firm outcomes is drawn from ES202 firm-level data, containing location, industrial classification, employment and wages for each Ohio firm during the period from 1999 to 2004. The incentive data used is from the Ohio Department of Development for Ohio's programs and the Department of Housing and Urban Development for programs at the federal level, providing information on firms receiving assistance over the same period, including location and value of incentives received. Information on firm outcomes in Piedmont are drawn from Italian census (ISTAT) data, containing location, industrial classification, employment and sales for each firm in the Piedmont region during the period from 1996 to 2002. Incentive data covers firms receiving assistance from 1996 through 2002, and includes the monetary value of incentives, date of incentive disbursements, and the name and type of incentive program. The results from this dissertation suggest that disaggregation by industry and program reveals that the number and magnitude of significant effects associated with incentive use, as well as the indicators affected, varies by program, industry, and whether one measures the intensity of incentive use in terms of the number of awards executed or the value of those incentives. Results also provide moderately strong evidence that higher levels of government may be more effective at administering incentive programs, and also some evidence that the magnitude of incentive effects may vary along with the input factor prioritized, with labor-promoting incentives outperforming incentives with a capital investment emphasis, especially in generating job growth. Finally, this dissertation also suggests that Ohio's incentive programs, especially when applied to the manufacturing sector, do not perform particularly well when applied to areas covered by federal incentive programs, a finding that merits further investigation.

A study to determine the status of the roles, responsibilities, and practices of university supervisors who serve middle childhood preservice teacher candidates in the state of Ohio

Doepker, Gina Marie The Ohio State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This research explored the status of the roles, responsibilities, and practices of the university supervisors who served the middle childhood preservice teacher candidates in the state of Ohio. Survey results were collected from 39 colleges and universities, representing an 87% response rate. Of the 39 returned surveys 36 institutions indicated that they employ supervisors for their middle childhood teacher education program. On-site visits were held during the end of the student teaching term at one small private college, one medium sized private university, and one large public university. The research questions that guided this study were (1) what are the characteristics of the college and university supervisors who serve middle childhood preservice teacher candidates, (2) how is supervision positioned within the teacher education programs of the colleges and universities in Ohio, (3) what supervisory activities take place throughout the student teaching field-based phase of middle childhood teacher preparation, and (4) what are the factors that support or inhibit supervision of middle childhood preservice teacher candidates?. Results from the survey data indicated that a majority of the supervisors who serve the middle childhood preservice teacher candidates were either retired teachers (32%) or college/university instructors (31%). The survey results also indicated that 64% of the supervisors were required to perform a pre-observation conference with their preservice teacher candidate, while 97% were required to perform a post-observation conference. A little more than half (56%) of the supervisors were required to visit their preservice teacher candidate in the field weekly, while 89% were expected to submit the preservice teacher candidates' final student teaching grade. According to the survey, the field visits lasted for approximately 45 to 60 minutes for 53% of the supervisors, while 28% spent over 60 minutes per field visit. Some supervisors (69%) were also required to facilitate or participate in campus meetings or seminars with their preservice teacher candidates. On-site visitations helped to gain information regarding the nature of supervision for the middle childhood preservice teacher candidates. It was determined that the supervisors had variable supervisory training. Although each of the case-study supervisors was required to use the PATHWISE Observational System, only two of the supervisors received formal PATHWISE training. The on-site visitations revealed that the supervisor and preservice teachers were not necessarily matched according to content area of expertise. This lack of content match resulted in the supervisors giving superficial feedback that was not specific to content area pedagogy. The main strength of the supervisors' services included that they were a support system for the preservice teachers. This study suggests that supervisors need extensive and continual supervisory training in order that they are capable of providing effective supervision for the middle childhood preservice teachers. Further, it would be beneficial if the supervisors had content area expertise so that they could provide content specific feedback. Finally, supervisors can serve as a support system for the preservice teachers as well as a liaison between the institution and field-site placements.

A study to determine the status and features of reading clinics that serve elementary students in teacher education institutions in the state of Ohio

Bevans, Jessica G The Ohio State University 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This research explored the status and features of reading clinics that serve elementary students in teacher education institutions in the state of Ohio. Survey results were collected from 42 colleges and universities, representing a 100% response rate. On-site visits were held at eight colleges and universities. Every college or university who welcomed a site visit was including in this portion of the data collection. Research questions for this study investigated four areas of clinical work. The questions were (1) what are the characteristics of readers attending reading clinics, (2) what research/theory(ies) inform instruction in the reading clinic, (3) how does the reading clinic fit within the mission of the college or university, (4) what are the typical activities that take place (for the director, tutor, and child) in the reading clinic, and (5) what are the factors that support/inhibit a successful reading clinic?. Results from the survey data indicated that 26 out of 42 teacher education institutions in the state of Ohio currently offered training in a reading clinic setting to preservice and inservice teachers. Of those colleges and universities providing clinical training in reading instruction, 60% were held off-site and 40% were held on the college or university campus. Most clinics currently in operation have been open for more then 10 years, indicating that new reading clinics are not being established at colleges and universities in Ohio. On-site visitations yielded information about the nature of the reading clinics and the day-to-day operations taking place at those sites. In addition, visits provided the opportunity to clarify and expand upon information gathered in the reading clinic survey. Clear strengths of the program were the perceived connection of theory to practice for preservice and inservice teachers, providing service to the community through outreach programs, and providing remedial services for struggling readers. This study suggests that the experience gained in the reading clinic provides a unique opportunity for teachers to work with students in a supportive environment. Further, preservice and inservice teachers have the opportunity to use the theory learned in reading courses in real situations, thus strengthening the connections between theory and practice. Finally, this study discusses the strengths and weaknesses of reading clinics and how the factors that support and inhibit clinical work affect the clinical model of reading instruction.

Biomass resources for energy in Ohio: The OH-MARKAL modeling framework

Shakya, Bibhakar The Ohio State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The latest reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have indicated that human activities are directly responsible for a significant portion of global warming trends. In response to the growing concerns regarding climate change and efforts to create a sustainable energy future, biomass energy has come to the forefront as a clean and sustainable energy resource. Biomass energy resources are environmentally clean and carbon neutral with net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, since CO2 is absorbed or sequestered from the atmosphere during the plant growth. Hence, biomass energy mitigates greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions that would otherwise be added to the environment by conventional fossil fuels, such as coal. The use of biomass resources for energy is even more relevant in Ohio, as the power industry is heavily based on coal, providing about 90 percent of the state's total electricity while only 50 percent of electricity comes from coal at the national level. The burning of coal for electricity generation results in substantial GHG emissions and environmental pollution, which are responsible for global warming and acid rain. Ohio is currently one of the top emitters of GHG in the nation. This dissertation research examines the potential use of biomass resources by analyzing key economic, environmental, and policy issues related to the energy needs of Ohio over a long term future (2001-2030). Specifically, the study develops a dynamic linear programming model (OH-MARKAL) to evaluate biomass cofiring as an option in select coal power plants (both existing and new) to generate commercial electricity in Ohio. The OH-MARKAL model is based on the MARKAL (MARKet ALlocation) framework. Using extensive data on the power industry and biomass resources of Ohio, the study has developed the first comprehensive power sector model for Ohio. Hence, the model can serve as an effective tool for Ohio's energy planning, since it evaluates economic and environmental consequences of alternative energy scenarios for the future. The model can also be used to estimate the relative merits of various energy technologies. By developing OH-MARKAL as an empirical model, this study evaluates the prospects of biomass cofiring in Ohio to generate commercial electricity. As cofiring utilizes the existing infrastructure, it is an attractive option for utilizing biomass energy resources, with the objective of replacing non-renewable fuel (coal) with renewable and cleaner fuel (biomass). It addresses two key issues: first, the importance of diversifying the fuel resource base for the power industry; and second, the need to increase the use of biomass or renewable resources in Ohio. The results of the various model scenarios developed in this study indicate that policy interventions are necessary to make biomass co-firing competitive with coal, and that about 7 percent of electricity can be generated by using biomass feedstock in Ohio. This study recommends mandating an optimal level of a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) for Ohio to increase renewable electricity generation in the state. To set a higher goal of RPS than 7 percent level, Ohio needs to include other renewable sources such as wind, solar or hydro in its electricity generation portfolio. The results also indicate that the marginal price of electricity must increase by four fold to mitigate CO2 emissions 15 percent below the 2002 level, suggesting Ohio will also need to consider and invest in clean coal technologies and examine the option of carbon sequestration. Hence, Ohio's energy strategy should include a mix of domestic renewable energy options, energy efficiency, energy conservation, clean coal technology, and carbon sequestration options. It would seem prudent for Ohio to become proactive in reducing CO2 emissions so that it will be ready to deal with any future federal mandates, otherwise the consequences could be detrimental to the state's economy.

A study of first-year students within the Ohio State University and the factors influencing nonparticipation in band programs at the collegiate level

Stewart, Michael John The Ohio State University 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors among first-year students influencing nonparticipation in collegiate band programs at The Ohio State University. This study arose from four primary concerns: (1) a need for a study focusing on the retention of non-music major band members from high school to college; (2) a need for a review and update of previous studies focusing on retention of band students from high school to college; (3) a need for a study of this nature to focus specifically on an individual large university; and (4) a need to provide data intended to improve recruiting techniques for large college band programs. Distribution and collection of a survey questionnaire was accomplished through two methods: (1) direct distribution of the questionnaire in selected classes and (2) electronic mail distribution with information provided from the SAT/ACT Interest Inventory. The total sample population for the study was 280 (n = 280) first-year students. Descriptive statistics were developed in the examination and presentation of the data. Results from the survey indicated the variable most influential to nonparticipation in bands at The Ohio State University was the perceived time commitment thought to be inherent from participation in a college band program. Of equal importance was the fact that 83.6% of respondents had made the decision not to participate in bands at The Ohio State University prior to enrollment into the university. Data suggest a first-year student's decision not to participate in bands was influenced by factors such as: (a) time conflict with other courses; (b) an overall declining interest in band; (c) concerns about academic course load; (d) musical proficiency; (e) fear of auditioning; (f) lack of information about the college band program; and (g) negative high school band experiences. Data provided did not find a relationship between nonparticipation and: (a) reputation of the college band conductor, and (b) advice from college academic advisors, high school counselors, parents, and high school band director(s). College band directors should continue to increase communication with high school band directors and potential students, focusing specifically on benefits to non-music majors, audition requirements and time commitments.

State prison privatization in the United States: A study of the causes and magnitude

Jing, Yijia The Ohio State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation I study the causes and magnitude of state prison privatization in the US as a case to explore the privatization of core governmental functions. My theoretical analysis of core governmental functions concludes that their privatization is in general driven by changes in politics, which make it possible to reconceptualize and marketize core governmental functions that are traditionally monopolized by the state. Applying this logic to state prison privatization in the US, conservative social control and neoliberal economic policies are identified as two major forces that drove penal reforms and prison privatization. They overcame the political and moral barriers toward private prisons and created the functional dilemmas of correctional systems and thus the instrumental demand for private prisons. This causality argument is applied to an empirical examination of the influence of political and instrumental factors on the magnitude of state prison privatization among the 50 US states in 2003 by using the Tobit model. The results show that both political and instrumental factors are important for states in deciding the level of dependence on private correctional facilities. While instrumental concerns may have the most direct influence, their influence is often contingent on the political environment. As a conclusion, compared to peripheral functions, the privatization of core governmental functions should be explained by a logic of political economy. The increased participation of the private sector in core governmental areas is fundamentally explained by the political motives of the state to expand its functional scope and to simultaneously reduce its role in direct service production and delivery.