Dance in Boston, 1860--1950: Converging influences on expressive and contemporary American dance (Massachusetts, Dio Lewis, Genevieve Stebbins, Ted Shawn, Miriam Winslow)

Weber, Jody Marie Boston University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Beginning in 1860, Boston's dance traditions developed under a unique set of circumstances, which impacted the development of its professional community and contributed to the national scene. This study covers the theories, teachers, and artists that were responsible for the evolution of dance locally, and provides a broader context for understanding Boston's contributions to American expressive dance forms. The Boston area was fertile ground for a new attitude towards physical health and well being for women promoted by physician Dio Lewis (1823--c1897), who settled in Boston in the 1860s and opened a school that disseminated his system of health and beauty for urban populations. Lewis' work set the stage for acceptance of the new expressive forms of movement that emerged just prior to the twentieth century. American Delsartism also played a foundational role in the emergence of expressive dance in twentieth-century America. The form was introduced in Boston in 1871 and was disseminated through the work of the Boston University School of Oratory. Educated women in Boston, accustomed to the new forms of physical culture promoted by innovators such as Lewis, were deeply interested in Delsartism, which encouraged public speech and physical expression. Delsarteans such as Genevieve Stebbins helped establish the foundational material for later developments in the dance field. Boston's involvement in American Delsartism provided a favorable environment for the Italian Braggiotti sisters, who successfully opened a school of interpretive dance in 1919. The sisters' later association with Ted Shawn led to the Boston Branch of the Denishawn School and re-instated Delsartean ideas into dance education. In the 1930s, expressive dance in Boston was invigorated by the arrival of German Expressionistic Dance through Hans Weiner. German dance education emphasized individuality, spatial awareness and the importance of dance as both an art and a personal means of fitness and expression. Miriam Winslow, Weiner's contemporary, merged the German theories with American dance. Her extensive work as a choreographer and educator helped develop sophisticated audiences for dance. By 1940, the Boston schools provided solid ground for a new generation of dancers, whose work was both regionally and nationally significant.

A history of the music department at Emory College/University, 1836--2010

Starnes-Vincent, Carolyn Ann Boston University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Emory University has a well-established music department with a long and important history, which was not documented until the present research. The history is also interwoven with the history of the establishment of the college. On December 10, 1836 the Georgia General Assembly granted the Georgia Methodist Conference a charter to Emory College. The school re-located to the suburban area of Atlanta known as Druid Hills in DeKalb County and was re-chartered as Emory University in 1915. Emory University's reputation rests on the fame of its medical school; however, since the 1800s, music has had an important role in the life of the college and university community. It holds a rich heritage, which continues to be shared around the world. The research is an historical study of the Emory University Music Department, 1836-2010. It focuses on the founding of the music curriculum prior to the actual organization of the department, the circumstances under which the department was developed, the historical role music has played at Emory over the course of one hundred seventy-four years, how the music curriculum has evolved as the university has grown, and the influential individuals in the Emory University music department. The study will describe both past and current music curricula, including the implementation of the baccalaureate and master's degree programs in music and sacred music. Music class offerings, as well as the development of degree requirements, will be documented through information obtained in college and course catalogues from 1927 to 2010. Catalogues published prior to 1927 will be reviewed for music course offerings, and it will be determined whether these were credit or non-credit courses. The study is historical in nature, utilizing primary sources found in the archives at the Emory at Oxford campus and Emory University. The primary sources will include individual documents such as personal letters, scrapbooks, photographs, flyers, yearbooks, newspaper clippings, programs, and recordings. Oral history sources will include interviews with faculty and students, both past and present. Recorded interviews will be completed through audio and electronic mail methods. Secondary sources will include books, Emory alumni newsletters/magazines, and electronic information describing music programs and events at Emory College/University. These procedures will illustrate the historic role of music at Emory College/University, Emory's affiliation with the Methodist/United Methodist Church, and the music department's correlation with music education.

Institutional change in a transitional society: Support and resistance to new academic programs at two distinct universities in Bulgaria. A case study

Yotova, Julia Kirilova Boston University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

In the early 1990s, and since then, just like institutions in any other sector, higher education institutions have been looking for models of restructuring. Best practices show that the most prestigious universities adapt by new programmatic designs. The research provides evidence to assess the proposition that The New Bulgarian University opened in 1991 as alternative to the traditional universities is better aligned with the requirements of modern times than the traditional university, Sofia University. The New Bulgarian University is an entrepreneurial liberal arts teaching and research university. It is funded by various sources but is mostly tuition-based. It can be viewed as the embodiment of new trends in institution building. This study is an embedded, two-site case study (Yin, 1994). The embedded case study allows for grouping of the participants into main units and subunits. In this study, the two universities are the main units; the leadership and faculty groups are the main subunits; students and other stakeholders constitute other subunits. Programmatic changes are examples of institutional restructuring. The research examined decision-making as a measure of support and resistance to restructuring. Data from 78 participants were collected over a one-year period by means of open-ended and guided interviews, different printed materials, and direct observations. Questions were guided, in part, by theories of institutional change, strategic change leadership theories and attitude change theories. Using the pattern-matching technique (Yin, 1994), data were presented as two institutional patterns of decision-making in relation to key institutional change and leadership concepts. The study contributed further to the understanding of another aspect of the implementation of the state legislation, namely, what patterns of institutional decision-making have occurred as a result of the limitations of the law. Findings revealed that new leadership trends clearly appear at both universities, but mostly at The New Bulgarian University. The new leadership skills are the opposite of the old ones---active behavior vs. inactivity, positive attitudes vs. negative attitudes to change, risk taking vs. prolonged deliberations regarding opportunities, and overt opinions, vs. covert judgments. In a second finding a dialectic seems to be operating in which the traditional Sofia University is under pressure to respond more effectively to the needs and demands of the global market, and The New Bulgarian University, correspondingly, is challenged to further accommodate the traditional demands of academic excellence. The criteria for interpreting the findings support two theoretical propositions. The starting theoretical proposition was that leadership skills are key to institutional change and its implementation. Additional proposition suggests that leadership skills are necessary yet not sufficient for implementation of change. In conclusion, universities need to accept responsibility for learning how to integrate business models with their traditional way of doing business. Recommendations suggest that university leaders and faculty need to get past the defensive stage, past the compliance stage, past the managerial stage and embrace the strategic and civil stage of responsibility.

Patriarchal Killjoys: The Experiences of Three (Women) University Band Directors

Foley, Megan J Boston University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

According to the 2011 College Music Society directory, 9% of university band directors in the United States are women. Band directing in higher music education remains dominated by men. In a career field traditionally occupied by men, women have anecdotally reported a variety of experiences with gender as they sought to be considered competent or worthy enough to fulfill what is sometimes presumed to be a male role. The purpose of this study was to understand the ways three women have experienced gender within the culture of band directing while identifying as women, university-level band directors. Of prime interest was the process of how (and if) verifications and agreements were (or were not) made between these women, their students, and colleagues. This study was based on the theoretical platforms of gender theory, role theory, and identity theory, which, when combined, provided the foundation from which I was able to view, understand, and interpret the ways three women university band directors felt pressure to exist within a culture that demanded they "do" and "undo" gender within the role of band director. Via interview and observation within a qualitative, multiple case study format, it became clear that women who wish to become university band directors face a variety of obstacles, most having to do with gendered expectations of the role of band director. Findings indicate that the participants' experiences of gender were more complex than initially expected. The participants' understanding of the expectations related to the role of band director were easier to negotiate than the identities they sometimes struggled to name. Participants engaged in a variety of types of negotiation, including the use of gendered attributes, humor, and confidence, which when viewed as a whole, suggest that these women engaged in behaviors that represent what Ahmed (2014) terms as willfulness, a component necessary for each to attain their positions as university band directors. Although participants engaged in such willfulness, each was compelled to acquiesce to the patriarchal rules that continue to govern the role of band director and conductor.

The genesis of cultivated choral tone in the United States (1906-1928): Peter C. Lutkin, F. Melius Christiansen and John Finley Williamson

Robinson, Allan Myers, Jr Boston University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to chronicle the genesis of cultivated choral tone in the United States from 1906 to 1928. That transformation was led by three conductors whose disparate careers represented a shared trajectory. Individually and collectively, they pioneered two singing genres with European provenance---a cappella and senza vibrato singing---as early techniques to isolate and refine choral tone. Their work converged in 1928, when it expanded to become the American A Cappella Movement (1928-1938). The earliest of the three conductors was Peter C. Lutkin (1858-1931). After study in Europe, he became dean of the School of Music at Northwestern University. Through his publications and university a cappella choir, founded in 1906, he placed greater responsibility on singers, and employed diction and breath control to improve intonation and tonal purity. German-educated Norwegian-American F. Melius Christiansen (1871-1955) was guided by his experience as a violinist and influenced by the choir of St. Thomas Church, Leipzig, Germany. In 1907, he began to gradually transform the choir of St. John's Lutheran Church choir in Northfield, Minnesota. By 1920, his St. Olaf Lutheran Choir toured nationwide and eventually epitomized a choral prototype through his publications, compositions, ideology, and methods, both original and derivative. Self-reliant and confident, Christiansen championed Russian choral literature, symphonic form for programming, and self-referential choral singing. His "inner choir" technique, "instrumental" tuning for choirs, and "conductorless" onset of tone were widely imitated. Spiritual beliefs undergirded his work. Originally inspired by Christiansen, Ohioan John Finley Williamson (1887-1964), a trained singer, cultivated choral tone by recontextualizing solo vocal Lamperti technique into choral methods. In 1920, he modeled his ensemble's results via national tours with his Dayton Westminster Choir. By 1926, he co-founded a choir school in a Dayton church where he implemented his theory of the choral rehearsal as a class voice lesson. His unorthodox tenets included his belief that vowels were controlled by volume and phrase conducting, that vowel color was dictated by overtones, and that a conflict existed between time beating and "rhythmic magic" (or "pace").

Prescribe a Bike: Reducing income-based disparities in bike access for health promotion and active transport through primary care

Ryan, Kathleen Mary Boston University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Low-income groups have greater potential to gain from incorporating health promotion into daily living using bike-share to increase physical activity and expand transport options. The potential is unmet because of socioeconomics and access. Disproportionate uptake of bike-share by higher income individuals widens the gaps in health equity and transportation equity as bike-share use over-represents males with more resources, less need, and lower health risk. The Prescribe a Bike (RxBike) program, a key focus of this study, is a partnership between primary care providers (PCPs) at an urban safety net hospital and the city's existing income-based, subsidized bike-share membership. Three studies using quantitative and qualitative methods were performed to: examine utilization of bike-share by Boston residents among subsidized and non-subsidized members; examine perceived attributes of the RxBike program by Boston Medical Center (BMC) PCPs; and evaluate BMC patient referrals. The overarching conceptual model uses elements of theories from health services and organizational behavior, in a public health framework. Analysis of Boston resident utilization at the trip-level (2012-2015) demonstrated overall ridership was increasingly by males and residents of more advantaged neighborhoods. Subsidized members had significantly higher likelihood of living in neighborhoods with socioeconomic and health disadvantage, and less gender disparity when compared to non-subsidized members. The impact was minimal because subsidized members made only 7.17% of trips. The survey of PCPs revealed mismatch between highly favorable opinion of RxBike appropriateness and lower intent to refer. Female gender and not being an urban biker predicted lower likelihood of intent to refer. Examination of open-ended survey comments mirrored quantitative data and expanded on the range of provider biking safety concerns in Boston. From 2013-2015, 27 BMC providers made only 72 referrals to RxBike. Patients referred had high cardiovascular health risk, resided in neighborhoods with extremely high levels of disadvantage, and in neighborhoods without meaningful access to bike-share kiosks. Overall, the subsidized membership extends reach of bike-share to residents of neighborhoods with more health and socioeconomic risk than the rest of the city; RxBike has strong potential to impact this vulnerable population. The most critical matters for program success are safety and neighborhood access.

Reassessing College and University Gambling Policies: How Have Schools Changed From 2003 to 2017?

Kleschinsky, John H Boston University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

BACKGROUND In the U.S., more than two-thirds of college and university students report gambling in the past year. Although most U.S. college students gamble without experiencing clinically significant symptoms, they do experience more problems c. RESULTS A previous assessment of gambling policies among this sample of U.S. colleges and universities found that only 25 had a gambling policy. By the beginning of the 2016-17 academic year, a review of each college and university's policies re. CONTRIBUTION In addition to the study findings, I provide college and university health practitioners with a guide to assess, select, and implement problem gambling policies and programs that are responsive to their campus needs based on SAMHSA'.

Kaleidoscope for Orchestra

Van Buskirk, Jeremy Scott Boston University 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

Kaleidoscope for Orchestra is a 14 minute piece for full orchestra. It was composed over a three year period from 2007--2010. It fulfills the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts at Boston University. Kaleidoscope is based on a series of harmonically related seven and twelve note spatial sets. Each seven note set is interrupted by a more dissonant twelve note set, and musical characters are assigned to each group. Tranquil, peaceful music is constantly trying to reassert itself over aggressive, energetic music. The title of the piece comes from the constant presenting of the same material in slightly different ways with slightly different colors.

Decision making for reducing vulnerability given new climate predictions: Case studies from metro Boston and rural Zimbabwe (Massachusetts)

Suarez, Pablo Boston University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Climate forecasts have the potential to reduce the negative effects of natural hazards, but much needs to be investigated on how decision makers actually respond to such information. This dissertation explores decision making in the context of new predictions involving climate variability and change. The first part compares three models of the role of predictions in decision making for reducing vulnerability: perfect information (which assumes optimal dissemination and use of forecasts), vulnerability to hazard (which focuses on improving responses to events that cause harm), and vulnerability to outcome, (which proposes to reverse processes that make people vulnerable in the first place). Evidence from rural Zimbabwe suggests that current forecast policies fail to address the severe constraints faced by households whose vulnerability deserves the highest priority. Participatory initiatives can integrate these approaches, helping to improve communication channels, cope with predicted events, and trigger community-based processes aimed at reversing marginalization. The second part presents an analysis operating within the perfect information model: An urban transportation model evaluates the systemwide performance of Boston's road network under scenarios of increased flooding due to climate change and land-use conversion. Results indicate almost a doubling in delays and lost trips caused by flooding over the next century. These impacts are significant, but not large enough to justify a major effort in adapting infrastructure to expected climatic conditions. The third part contributes to the decision sciences and their role in the use of climate forecasts. Results from empirical research on time preferences among Zimbabwean subsistence farmers contradict the assumption that poor people have shorter time horizons and their present needs supersede plans for the future. The data show a complex and place-specific relationship between the immediacy effect and food insecurity, and indicate potential for future bias, a form of time inconsistency that had not been previously identified in the discounting literature. Additional work shows that many people are likely to overestimate the dangers of forecasts, and to err on the side of communicating too little information. These forms of decision making can be anticipated; therefore strategic action can be taken at the policy level to address their effect on responses to climate forecasts.

Firm recruiting strategies, educational attainment, and the labor market return to higher education

Weinstein, Russell Boston University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation analyzes the determinants of labor market outcomes, with a focus on the labor market return to post-secondary education. The first chapter analyzes the matching of firms and recent college graduates through on-campus recruiting. Based on in-depth interviews with employers and career services personnel, I develop a theoretical model describing how firms choose target campuses given relevant search frictions. The model's central insight is that the decision to recruit at a university and the wage offer are driven not just by the university's quality, but also by the quality of the surrounding universities. There is strong empirical support for this prediction using the Baccalaureate and Beyond survey and newly collected data from 39 finance and consulting firms. Holding university quality constant, a university with a better regional rank is more likely to attract firms, and its graduates have higher earnings (controlling for the individual's test score). Structural estimation suggests that search frictions have important consequences for firm hiring strategies, student outcomes, and profits in this market. The second chapter analyzes whether there is a differential labor market return to certificates and Associate's degrees from for-profit relative to not-for-profit universities. Using the Beginning Postsecondary Student Survey and Transcript Data, we find no statistically significant differential return. Point estimates suggest a slightly lower return to a for-profit certificate and a slightly higher return to a for-profit Associate's degree. There is considerable variation in the return to certification across majors, including many with negligible or negative returns. The third chapter analyzes the impact of teen motherhood on labor market investments and outcomes, using five cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth. Teen mothers who conceived pre-maritally obtained less education (especially socioeconomically advantaged teens), married earlier and faced a higher risk of never marrying (especially after 1960). Socioeconomically advantaged teens avoided this negative outcome. Women who had been teen mothers in the 1940s and 1950s appear to have been at a disadvantage in the labor market of the 1970s, and faced higher costs of divorce. Motherhood positively affected labor force outcomes for teens married before conception, perhaps driven by earlier-timed births.