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하동지역에 분포한 회장암질암의 구조와 티타늄광체의 산출상태
정지곤,김원사,Watkinson, David H. 충남대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 연구논문집 Vol.9 No.-
정밀조사된 지역은 남북방향으로 대상 분포한 하동지역 회장암질암의 남단으로부터 북쪽으로 약 14㎞에 해당되는 지역인데 이곳에 분포한 회장암질암에 대하여 주로 유색광물의 함량과 특징적인 구조로서 분대한 바, 동측으로부터 괴상형, 층상형, 간극누적형, 그리고 엽상형으로 나누어진다. 이들은 N30°E-N20°W 주향에 경사는 30°-50°NW 또는 SW이다. 국부적으로 70°-80°의 심한 경사도 보인다. 일메나이트를 함유한 노두는 폭 2-10m, 연장 약 14㎞로서 위에 소개한 간극누적형내에 국한 발달되어 있다. 이 노두는 북측으로 약 10㎞ 더 연장되어 하동 회장암질암의 북단에까지 이를 것으로 보인다. 암체의 분화를 지시하는 여러 증거는 분화가 동측에서 서측으로 진행되었음을 의미하며, 현재 노출되어 있는 하동 암체는 동측에서 지하로 더욱 연장될 것으로 보이며 이 암석은 괴상형 내지 층상형으로 생각된다. 그러므로 광체를 포함하여 현재 노출되어 있는 하동 암체는 전체 회장암질암체의 서측 변두리 부분이 노출된 것으로서 이러한 구조로 보아 일메나이트는 마그마 분화의 후기상으로 추측된다. The study area covers the southern part, from south end to 14㎞ northwards, of the Hadong anorthositic rocks which show lithological zonation of approximately N-S direction. Based on amounts of mafic minerals and characteristic structures, the rocks may be divided, from east to west, into massive-, layer-, intercumulate-, and foliationi types. Their general attitude shows a strike of N30°E-N20°W and a dip 30°-50°NW or SW with exceptions of steep angle 70°-80°. Orebody carrying ilmenite occures only within intercumulate type rocks and is 2-10m wide and 14㎞ long on the surface. The orebody seems to extend about 10㎞ further northwards, reaching to the north end of the Hadong anorthositic rocks. Geological evidences of magmatic differentiation observed from the Hadong anorthositic rocks suggest that the differentiation begin from east side toward west side and the anorthositic mass probablely of massive to layering type ones may extend underneath further eastwards. Therefore, Hadong anorthositic body that carries Ti-ore corresponds west periphery of the whole anorthsitic pluton, which again informs that ilmenite have formed during the late stage of magmatic differentiation.
Effect of Temperature on the Gas Yield from Flash Pyrolysis of Bituminous Coals
Song, Byung-Ho,Watkinson, A. Paul 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.3
The devolatilization behavior of three bitumin-us coals has been investigated in an inert atmosphere under flash heating conditions using a micropyrolyzer/gas chromatographic technique. Coal particles were heated at various heating rates (up to 2 ×10⁴ Wsec). The yields of the product gas were determined in the pyrolysis temperature range between 773 and 1373 K. The effects of holding time and heating rate on the yields of the product gas were also considered. The yields of permanent gases drastically increase upon increasing the holding time and tend to reach their constant values. No appreciable increase was observed in the product gas yields upon increasing the heating rate over 5000 Ws. The yields of all the gas components increased with respect to temperature during these fast pyrolyses of coal. The yields of H2, CO, and CH4 appear to increase uniformly with temperature, whereas the yields of C02 tend to level off above 1173 K in the present pyrolysis system. To predict the product gas yields, we evaluated several of the correlations in the literature with our present experimental data. The predictions are generally satisfactory from a relative simple correlation that describes the gas yield as a linear function of temperature with constants derived from derived experiment.
Injuries at the 14th World Taekwondo Championships in 1999
( Jae O. Koh ),( Terry De Freitas ),( E. Jane Watkinson ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2001 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.13 No.1
The purposes of this study were to measure incidence, frequency, type, situation and mechanism, and severity of acute injuries, and to compare the incidence of injury among male and female athletes, in Taekwondo. A prospective design was adopted Data were collected at the 1999 World Taekwondo Championships (l4th) by an injury case form, that contained demographic data, injury situation/mechanism including technique that caused injury, site, type, pre-injury history, severity, and treatment. A total of 563 athletes from 66 countries participated No difference was found between genders in total injury (p > 0.05). Only in the lower Body region was a significant difference between genders found (p = 0.012). Contusions were the most frequent injuries, and the foot was the most frequently injured body part. Injuries were most often the result of delivering a roundhouse kick. The fin-weight division recorded the highest frequency of concussion. In conclusion, there are significant risks of injury in Taekwondo which may be affected by the strategies and techniques adopted during competition, as well as by the equipment and rules of the sport.