A DISCIPLINE-BASED ART EDUCATION MODEL FOR CRITICISM AND INQUIRY DIRECTED TO NON-WESTERN ART (ART CRITICISM, AFGHANISTAN)

WALSH, DAWNA MARLYN HAMM Texas Tech University 1992 국내박사

Games and equilibrium in financial signalling models

Walsh, Patrick Gerald University of Pennsylvania 1978 국내박사

Expressing the Good in Bad Times: Examining Whether and Why Positive Expressivity in Negative Contexts Affects Romantic Partners' Responsive Support Provision

Walsh, Rebecca M University of Pittsburgh ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Receiving high-quality, responsive support in times of distress is highly important, yet notoriously challenging. Although emotion and relationship scholars have long extolled the value of expressing positivity (e.g., gratitude, optimism), the potential value of positive expressivity within distress-related support-seeking contexts remains largely unexplored. In a recent theoretical review (Walsh & Forest, 2021), I proposed a conceptual process model that explains why support-seekers’ positive expressivity can often elicit—but may sometimes suppress—supportive responses from partners (providers) within negative event contexts. The purpose of the current work was to test direct and indirect pathways of the conceptual model linking seeker-expressed positivity to provider support. Using a combination of correlational in-lab behavioral observation studies of romantic couples and online experiments with manipulations of seeker-expressed positivity, I examined the effects of positive expressivity on partner responsiveness. Studies considered positivity as a broad, unitary construct and also explored three different types of positivity—partner-oriented positivity (e.g., gratitude), stressor-oriented positivity (e.g., optimism), and unspecified positivity (e.g., pleasant demeanor). Findings indicated that when disclosing about a recent upsetting event via video-message (Study 1) or about their greatest fear in a face-to-face discussion (Study 4), seekers’ positive expressivity (coder-rated) was a robust predictor of provider responsiveness (coder-rated), even when controlling for seeker-expressed negativity and several other plausible third variables. Experimental work (Study 2) provided causal evidence of a support-eliciting direct effect of seeker-expressed positivity on a coded behavioral measure of provider responsiveness. Regarding the value of particular types of positivity, partner-oriented positivity showed the strongest and most consistent support-eliciting potential in both correlational (Studies 1 and 4) and experimental work (Study 3). Stressor-oriented and unspecified positivity also appeared to be valuable in some contexts. Additionally, these studies yielded evidence supporting several of my conceptual model’s indirect pathways, shedding light on why positivity often enhances (but may sometimes suppress) responsive support. This work highlights the active role of support-seekers in obtaining support, provides empirical evidence linking positive expressivity to responsiveness in support-seeking contexts, and provides insight into the mechanisms through which positivity operates. These findings lay the groundwork for further research on positive expressivity’s effects in support-seeking contexts.

The role of national culture in dictating the impact of Covid-19

Walsh, Peter 숙명여자대학교 TESOL·국제학대학원 2021 국내석사

The Covid-19 or Coronavirus pandemic, which spread globally in 2020, has at least temporarily changed the way people eat, work, socialize, travel, study and more. These activities make up modern human life and the wide variety of how they are approached varies greatly worldwide, defining cultures uniquely from nation to nation. This research paper explores how national culture, defined under Geert Hofstede‘s culture dimensions, played its part in either spreading or containing the Covid-19 virus which spread throughout the world in 2020. National culture scores according to Hofstede‘s index were gathered for the countries available to see if their culture scores showed any correlation with having high or low Covid-19 cases or death rate. The results show that among Hofstede‘s six culture dimensions, four in particular show a notable difference when comparing the most affected and least affected nations during the Covid-19 pandemic; these are Individualism-Collectivism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Indulgence-Restraint. The findings can support the theory that national culture should be considered as a factor in assessing how health emergencies will unfold and how governments, health organizations and epidemiologists need to consider unique culture traits in policy making as different cultures show variations in their compliance.

Military coalition buildinga structural and normative assessment of coalition architecture

Walsh, Patrick Michael UMI 2014 국내박사

Assessing the Impact of Density Dependence in Natural Larval Populations of Container Inhabiting Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Walsh, Rachael Katz North Carolina State University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Approximately 2.5 billion people in the world are at risk of infection by dengue virus and approximately 50 million infections occur each year. Dengue fever is cause by the mosquito-transmitted dengue virus that produces symptoms along a spectrum, from mild flu-like symptoms to muscle and joint pains to the most severe form, dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can lead to death. The virus is transmitted by the container inhabiting mosquitoes <italic> Aedes aegypti</italic> and <italic>Aedes albopictus.</italic> In order to design more efficient approaches for controlling both the disease and the mosquitoes, it is critical to understand the factors that regulate larval density within water-filled containers. Although many studies of intra-specific competition have been conducted using larvae of <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> in the laboratory, few studies have been done in the natural environment of <italic>Ae. aegypti,</italic> and <italic>no published studies have critically examined density dependence in natural containers at normal field densities.</italic> Additionally, mathematical models that predict <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> populations currently lack empirically-based functions for both direct density dependence and delayed density dependence. I performed field experiments in Tapachula, Mexico, where both species of mosquitoes occur naturally, and Raleigh, North Carolina where <italic> Ae. albopictus</italic> naturally occurs. These experiments were conducted to assess the impact of direct density dependence and delayed density dependence in natural larval populations. In North Carolina, I found a significant impact of delayed density dependence on <italic>Ae. albopictus</italic> larval survival, larval development time and adult body size in containers with high larval densities. My results indicate that delayed density dependence will have negative impacts on the mosquito population when larval densities reach levels high enough that the larval food consumption rate is higher than the rate of natural food production. In Mexico, results from 2 rainy seasons and 1 dry season showed that direct density dependent factors had a significant impact on larval survival, resulting in an average 16 % decrease in survival from the low density treatment to the high density treatment. The daily probability of a fourth instar pupating was decreased by 29% in the low density treatment compared to the high density treatment. Adults in the low density treatment were significantly larger than adults in the high density treatment. I found significant impacts of interspecific competition with <italic>Ae. albopictus</italic> on all three parameters. When <italic>Ae. albopictus</italic> was present, <italic>Ae. aegypti</italic> experienced a decrease in larval survival and adult body size and an increase in larval development. Delayed density dependence significantly impacted development time and adult body size, but to a lesser degree than direct density dependence. The data collected from these experiments was used to test the accuracy of the current density dependent parameters in SkeeterBuster, an <italic> Ae. aegypti</italic> population dynamics model.

Fluorescence microscopy and microfluidics for cellular and enzymatic analysis

Walsh, Matthew Thomas University of California, San Diego 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Breakthroughs in our understanding of biological systems are driven by technological advancements that enable the study of cellular and molecular processes at unprecedented levels. Recent efforts have provided a thrust in the development of microfluidic devices that facilitate the process of genomic or transcriptomic library construction from single cells. The integration of molecular detection modalities within microfluidic devices will enable the direct analysis of cellular content through surface capture and probing of biomolecules. Similar techniques can be applied to monitoring the enzymatic reaction processes in a rapid and high-throughput manner. We have demonstrated the application of fluorescence microscopy and microfluidics to perform the automatic hydrodynamic capture of single mammalian cells followed by the immobilization and digital counting of polyadenylated mRNA molecules released from the individual cells. Fluorescence imaging was also utilized to monitor the incorporation kinetics of nucleotides by DNA polymerase within a microfluidic device using multiple dye-labeling strategies. The combination of advanced microfluidic devices and sensitive fluorescence detection techniques provides a powerful tool set for enabling sophisticated cell and molecular biology experimentation.

Norepinephrine-evoked renal regulation of sodium homeostasis in salt-sensitive hypertension

Walsh, Kathryn R Boston University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Hypertension affects 1 in 3 adults and is the single greatest risk factor for premature death. Salt-sensitive hypertension occurs in approximately 50% of hypertensive patients and results in a 3-fold increase in the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. However, the pathophysiology of salt-sensitive hypertension remains to be fully elucidated. There has been increased interest in the interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and the kidney and how that interaction mediates sodium excretion to drive the development of salt-sensitivity. Previous studies show that sympathetic over-activity increases expression of the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) resulting in increased NCC-mediated sodium reabsorption, and the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. In this thesis, I show the effect of increased norepinephrine (NE) and high salt intake in salt-resistant vs. salt-sensitive rat phenotypes on blood pressure regulation, NCC activity, and the adrenoreceptor-mediated regulatory kinase network signal transduction pathway. A high salt diet 1) exacerbates NE-induced hypertension in salt-resistant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and 2) results in hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. In contrast to salt-resistant phenotypes (SD & Dahl salt-resistant), dietary sodium-evoked suppression of NCC expression and activity is prevented in salt-sensitive rats (SD-NE infusion & DSS) - I show that this occurs through a failure of a high salt intake to suppress renal OxSR1, SPAK, and WNK1 (NCC regulatory proteins). I demonstrate that alpha1-adrenoreceptors are responsible for mediating the salt-sensitive component of hypertension and restore dietary sodium-evoked suppression of the NCC via a predominant OxSR1 pathway. Chronic beta-adrenoreceptor antagonism significantly reduces blood pressure in NE-mediated hypertension. How the body senses salt remains unknown, but my data show that selective removal of the afferent renal nerves prevents dietary sodium-evoked suppression of NCC expression and activity resulting in salt-sensitive hypertension, suggesting that the afferent renal nerves play an important role as a sodium-sensing mechanism. Overall, these data demonstrate that attenuated afferent renal nerve feedback drives renal efferent nerve release of NE to prevent the downregulation of the NCC via an alpha1-adrenergic receptor-gated WNK1-OxSR1 signal transduction pathway to evoke the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.

Voices of resident female undergraduate students at a women's college: Where do i fit?

Walsh, Christina New York University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This research examines the lived experiences of adult female undergraduates enrolled full-time and living on campus at a liberal arts women's college. The majority of adults aged 25 and older enrolled in higher education are women. While most adult students attend college part-time, commute, are employed, and have family obligations, some adult students attend full-time and live on campus among traditional age students. The participants in this study came to their college student lives with past experiences that impacted how they understood and perceived their college experience. Using the Listening Guide, a voice-centered analysis method, I conducted in-depth, semi structured interviews with six adult female undergraduates who lived on campus at an elite women's college. I explored how these women understood their life trajectory, how they came to decide to pursue their college degree, why they chose a liberal arts women's college, how they adapted to living on a traditional college campus, and how they perceived the impact of the experience. My findings suggest that (1) they used different voices to communicate their narratives that indicated a desire to control how their story was told and received (2) their life experiences profoundly influenced when and why they came to college later in life (3) their identities as adults and as undergraduate students were developed through a prolonged process of negotiating their new campus environment (4) despite occasional doubt, they were motivated to achieve and surpass the expectations and limits of their pre-student lives and (5) their emotional lives played a part in how they perceived their abilities, social interactions, and academic achievement. Future researchers could explore the long-term impact of participants having studied for a bachelor's degree while living on campus, as their understanding of that experience may well change with time. Higher education practitioners could explore ways in which their institutions can create a supportive residential experience for adult women while being mindful that they bring extensive life experience that contribute to their academic, personal, and social lives.

The Roles of Ecology and Habitat Use in Explaining Range Shifts by Chipmunks in Yosemite National Park

Walsh, Rachel E University of California, Berkeley 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Despite substantial evidence that global climates are changing, predicting organismal responses to such changes poses a vexing research challenge, in part because responses can vary dramatically, even among closely related species. Studies of chipmunks (Tamias spp.) in Yosemite National Park provide a unique opportunity to explore the reasons for variation in species-specific spatial and temporal responses to a century of environmental change. Comparisons of historic and modern distributions of these animals indicate that while the Alpine Chipmunk (T. alpinus) has experienced a marked upward elevational range contraction over the past century, the Lodgepole Chipmunk (T. speciosus) has undergone effectively no change in its elevational range during this period. The reasons for this striking difference in range response are poorly understood. I therefore chose to explore the roles of several biotic factors in shaping patterns of response by these species. Specifically, I focused on habitat specialization and dietary overlap as potential contributors to differences in range response. I began by selecting three sites in Yosemite National Park where T. alpinus and T. speciosus co-occur, so that I could compare patterns of habitat use in areas of sympatry between the two species. I carried out live-trapping and radio-tracking of chipmunks at each site during the summers of 2011, 2012, and 2013. I integrated these data with analyses of vegetation cover (NDVI) to quantify interspecific differences in spatial overlap and habitat use. I found that considerable interspecific spatial overlap exists, creating high potential for interspecific competitive interactions to occur. I also report evidence for differences in habitat use, with T. alpinus typically found in areas with lower vegetation cover and T. speciosus in areas with relatively higher vegetation cover. Building on the results of the NDVI analyses, I used field-collected microhabitat data to describe characteristics of habitats used by each species in greater detail and to assess degree of specialization in habitat use. I found evidence for interspecific differences in types of habitats used by each species, with lower tree cover and larger amounts of exposed rock in habitats occupied by T. alpinus. Interspecific differences also existed in habitat breadth, with higher variation in amount of downed wood in areas used by T. speciosus. These results are consistent with the characterization of T. alpinus as a high elevation specialist and suggest that the elevational range contraction reported for this species may reflect habitat tracking. Finally, I took a longer-term approach by examining evidence for dietary changes and changes in cranial morphology in these species over the past century. Stable isotope analyses of hair samples from modern and historical museum specimens of each species collected at the same localities indicated that signatures of temporal dietary change were more pronounced in T. alpinus , although diet breadth did not appear to differ consistently between the study species. Morphometric analyses of crania from these specimens revealed significant temporal changes in cranial shape for T. alpinus, with less pronounced changes in shape for T. speciosus; evidence of selection on skull morphology was detected for T. alpinus but not T. speciosus. These results are consistent with growing evidence that T. alpinus is generally more responsive to environmental change than T. speciosus. However, the observation of large amounts of dietary change in T. alpinus is somewhat inconsistent with expectations based on habitat tracking--- if T. alpinus has shifted range to remain in similar habitats over the past century, one would expect to see little change in diet. This in mind, our results emphasize the complex and often geographically variable nature of responses to environmental change. In general, my findings suggest that habitat specialization may be associated with greater response to environmental change. My data underscore the complicated ways in which habitat use and dietary breadth act as contributors to range response. Future studies will build upon my findings to explore how local environmental conditions interact with interspecific differences in ecology and habitat use to generate variation in patterns of range change over time.