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The Manufacturing Process Effects on the Tensile and Creep Behavior of High Strength Polyester Yarns
W. Hsieh,B. Chuang,J. Liu 한국토목섬유학회 2011 한국지반신소재학회 학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.11
Pretension and heating are common processes in the production of flexible geogrids. The pretension and heating temperature effects on the tensile and creep behavior of two types of high strength polyester yarns were investigated. Two types of polyester yarns provided from different local manufactures were used. The unit weights of the test yarns are 2013 (Type A) and 1511 (Type B) dynes, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength of the test yarns are 8.8 g/dyne and 8.9 g/dyne, respectively. 20%, 30%, 50% UTS pretension forces and 150℃, 170℃ and 180℃ heating temperatures were used to simulate the manufacturing process. A series of tensile tests (ASTM D2256) and conventional longterm (ASTM D5262) creep tests were performed to evaluate the tensile strength, elongation at rupture and long-term creep strain of the test polyester yarns. Scanning Electronics Microscope (SEM) technique was also used to visual evaluation the surface structure of the yarns before and after the simulated manufacturing process and creep tests. The test results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength of the polyester yarns decreases bilinearly as the test temperature is increased. The bi-linear tensile strength decrease rate is about -0.37 N and -0.74 N per degree of Celsius, respectively for Type A polyester yarn. The elongation at break for the tested yarns varied from 10.57% to 12.49% for test temperature varying from 20℃ to 80℃, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation at break at around 70℃ test condition was inconsistent with the results from other test conditions. It is believed that the glass formation phenomenon might have some effects on the engineering behavior of the tested yarns at a temperature around 70℃. Drying the polymer coating by heating would induce polyester yarn shrinkage during the geogrid production process. A minimum of 10% UTS pretension load is required to prevent shrinkage in the test polyester yarns. The single strand tensile test results for the processed polyester yarns indicated that the elongation at break was reduced by 1.5% to 2.0%. Linear creep strain curves on a semi-log scale diagram were observed from a series of 1000-hour conventional long-term creep tests for polyester yarns processed at different temperatures. The curve slope decreased as the pretension load and heating temperature were increased. The creep strain rates decrease very rapidly at the initial stage and reach a plateau stage after 50 hours loading during the tests. Secondary creep behavior was observed for the control and processed 1000-hour creep tests. The creep strain rate decreases as the pretension load and heating temperature were increased. Hair cracks were observed from SEM pictures for the samples obtained from a simulated manufacturing process after 1000-hours conventional creep testing. Similar test results were observed for both tested polyester yarns.
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Monitoring the Comfort of Poultry Body by Infrared Thermography
( C. H. Tsou ),( T. T. Lin ),( C. C. Liu ),( K. W. Hsieh ),( Y. C. Tsai ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
At present, the environmental regulation of Taiwanese traditional poultry farm is based on the information collected by the ambient temperature and humidity sensor. However, this method is unable to know the situation of the poultry directly. The purpose of this study is to collect poultry body surface temperature information directly by the infrared thermal imager. The relationship between poultry body surface temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI) is studied for estimating the actual feeling of poultry at different conditions. The Raspberry Pi, infrared thermal imaging sensor, environmental sensors were integrated for collecting the poultry body temperature and environmental information. The collected poultry infrared thermal images were divided into head, foot and wing different areas for the analysis. The environment temperature, humidity, air velocity and poultry surface temperature were continuous recorded for four weeks. The measured chicken’s surface temperature from infrared image sensor changes with the THI. The temperature change of the chicken’s foot is larger than the temperature of chicken’s head, and wing. The correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI, and temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI) were calculated. According to the results, the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THI is higher than the correlation between poultry surface temperature and THVI. It shows that THI impacts on the poultry surface temperature. The poultry surface temperature can be detected by the infrared camera for poultry house environment control.
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Hsieh, Y.C.,Lin, W.C.,Chuang, W.Y.,Chen, M.H.,Chang, S.C.,Lee, T.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.2
Objective: The study developed mushroom stalk residues as feed additives in the broiler diet for improving the growth performance and immunity of broilers as well as to increase the value of mushroom stalk residues. Methods: In total, 300 ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into fifteen pens with five dietary treatments: i) control, basal diet; ii) CMWM, supplemented with 1% Cordyceps militaris waster medium (CM); iii) CMPE, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PE); iv) CMPS, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Pleurotus sajorcaju stalk residue (PS); v) CMFV, supplemented with 0.5% CM+0.5% Fammulina velutipes stalk residue (FV). Results: The chemical analysis results showed that CM extracts, PE extracts, PS extracts, and FV extracts contain functional components such as polysaccharides and phenols and have both 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate scavenging and Ferrous scavenging capacities. The group CMWM saw increased body weight gain and feed conversion rate and the promotion of jejunum villus growth, but there is no significant difference in the intestinal bacteria phase. Antioxidant genes in the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant responsive element pathway among the groups are significantly higher than that of the control group, especially in group CMWM. Conclusion: The mushroom stalk residues have antioxidant functional components, can improve the intestinal health and body weight gain of chickens, and can activate the antioxidant pathway of Nrf2 to increase the heme oxygenase-1 expression. The treatment with 1% CM was the most promising as a feed additive.
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Chen L. W.,Chuang W. Y.,Hsieh Y. C.,Lin H. H.,Lin W. C.,Lin L. J.,Chang S. C.,Lee T. T. 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.3
Objective: This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens.Methods: Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×10<sup>6</sup> colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>+5×10<sup>6</sup> CFU/kg <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured.Results: This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP.Conclusion: JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens. Objective: This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens. Methods: Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results: This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP. Conclusion: JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.
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