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Determinants of Capital Structure:The Case in Vietnam
VU, Thu Minh Thi,TRAN, Chung Quang,DOAN, Duong Thuy,LE, Thang Ngoc Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.9
This is a quantitative research, underpinned by the philosophy of natural science and deduction approach that examines the impact of the various aspects of corporate governance mechanism on the choice of capital structure of Vietnamese listed firms. We focus on the effect of factors such as the board size, the board independence, and especially different ownership structures, which include the managerial ownership, the state ownership, the concentrated ownership, and the foreign ownership. They are the main scopes of corporate governance and are supposed to be relevant to determine the corporate financing choice. To explain the causal relationship between factors, we construct the regression model and then test it by using different statistical method approaches, including the pooled OLS, the fixed effects model, and the random effects model. Data are collected from 336 firms with shares listed in the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange in Vietnam, totaling 1583 observations. Overall, the results reveal that the board size, state ownership, and concentrated ownership have positive impact on the firm's capital structure, whereas foreign ownership appears to have negative influence on the capital structure. The research does not find evidence of a the correlation between board independence, managerial ownership and corporate capital struture.
Le, Thi Huong,Nga, Thi Thu Vu,Nguyen, Ngoc Dung,Le, Thi Thanh Xuan,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Hoang, Van Minh,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1
The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.
Le Thi Thuy Lien,Nguyen Khoi Viet,Hoang Van Hoa,Phung Bao Ngoc,Nguyen Ngoc Trang,Vu Thi Kim Thoa,Nguyen Cong Tien,Phan Anh Phuong,Pham Minh Thong,Vu Dang Luu 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2022 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.6 No.2
Objective: To compare left ventricular (LV) function, ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and regional wall motion analyzed in 256-slice dualsource coronary CT angiography (DSCT) with 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Materials and Methods: One hundred twelve patients suspected of coronary artery disease underwent DSCT and 2D-TTE within one week for LVEF, EDV, and ESV. The correlation between DSCT and 2D-TTE measurements was analyzed through linear regression and Bland- Altman analysis. Regional wall motion was visually scored with a 3-point scale (1, normal; 2, hypokinesia; 3, dysphagia, akinesia). Results: Average LVEF at 66.45%±1.27% (range 23%–85%) as determined on DSCT compared with 66.09%±1.01% (range 25%–84%) on 2D-TTE. LVEF exhibited a good correlation between DSCT and 2D-TTE (r=0.715; p<0.001). Good correlations between DSCT and 2D-TTE were demonstrated for LVEDV (r=0.732; p<0.001) and LVESV (r=0.841; p<0.001). Mean differences (±SD) of 1.78±24.10 mL (p<0.05) and 0.77±13.70 mL (p<0.05) were observed between DSCT and 2D-TTE for LVEDV and LVESV, respectively. LVEF was slightly overestimated with DSCT (0.52%±9.59%; p<0.05). Although the LVEF values calculated by DSCT and 2D-TTE were similar, EDV and ESV from DSCT were statistically higher than those from 2D-TTE (p<0.05). Agreement between DSCT and 2D-TTE in regional wall motion was 96.4%, κ=0.840. Conclusion: DSCT can provide comparable results to those using 2D-TTE for LV function (EF, EDV, and ESV) and regional wall motion assessment in a heterogeneous population.
Thuy Thi Hai HO,Trinh Ngoc Phuong VU,Hieu Minh VU 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11
This paper investigates factors impacting on sustainable fashion buying intention of consumers by reviewing studies about the topic and conducting a survey with consumers in Ho Chi Minh City. In detail, firstly, an interview with 15 respondents was conducted to check the understanding of concepts and questions and, secondly, the study used the convenient sampling method, with 172 samples collected and analyzed, of which young respondents accounted for the majority of the sample. The respondents tend to go shopping many times in a year, with the number of people buying fashion products from every week to every two months accounting for 65.2% totally. The findings suggest that the firms should prioritize strategies that can improve customer attitude toward sustainable fashion, making them feel good, pleasant, satisfied and favorable when engaging in sustainable fashion consumption. This study concludes that consumers need more information to enable them to make better ethical decisions. This study proposes that the major channels that consumers use to seek sustainable product information include public education, peer influence, and corporate marketing information about the products. This study concludes that public education and corporate marketing information on green consumption education is effective for improving consumer sustainable buying intention.
( Thi Hoa Pham ),( Dinh Thi Quyen ),( Ngoc Minh Nghiem ),( Thu Doan Vu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.10
A gene coding for an endoglucanase (EglA), of the glycosyl hydrolase family 12 and derived from Aspergillus niger VTCC-F021, was cloned and sequenced. The cDNA sequence, 717 bp, and its putative endoglucanase, a 238 aa protein with a predicted molecular mass of 26 kDa and a pI of 4.35, exhibited 98.3-98.7% and 98.3-98.6% identities, respectively, with cDNA sequences and their corresponding endoglucanases from Aspergillus niger strains from the GenBank. The cDNA was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 under the control of an AOX1 promoter with a level of 1.59 U/ml culture supernatant, after 72 h of growth in a YP medium induced with 1% (v/v) of methanol. The molecular mass of the purified EglA, determined by SDS-PAGE, was 33 kDa, with a specific activity of 100.16 and 19.91 U/mg toward 1% (w/v) of β-glucan and CMC, respectively. Optimal enzymatic activity was noted at a temperature of 55℃ and a pH of 5. The recombinant EglA (rEglA) was stable over a temperature range of 30- 37℃ and at pH range of 3.5-4.5. Metal ions, detergents, and solvents tested indicated a slightly inhibitory effect on rEglA activity. Kinetic constants (K(m), V(max), k(cat), and k(cat)/ K(m)) determined for rEglA with β-glucan as a substrate were 4.04 mg/ml, 102.04 U/mg, 2,040.82 min-1, and 505.05, whereas they were 10.17 mg/ml, 28.99 U/mg, 571.71 min-1, and 57.01 with CMC as a substrate, respectively. The results thus indicate that the rEglA obtained in this study is highly specific toward β-glucan. The biochemical properties of rEglA make it highly valuable for downstream biotechnological applications, including potential use as a feed enzyme.
( Minh Hai Pham ),( Quan Anh Tuan Le ),( Hoang Bac Nguyen ),( Quang Hung Vu ),( Thai Ngoc Huy Tran ),( Hang Dang Khoa N Guyen ),( Thi Ngoc Sang Duong ),( Van Toan Tran ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is considered as a safe and effective procedure in well - selected patients and appropriate surgical technique. Our aim is to evaluate suitability of using protocol for LPD in treatment of periampullary cancer at a single team. Methods: case series Results: Indication for LPD included 37 cases with resectable tumors which were classified basing on NCCN. All witness evaluation risk of complications with PREPARE score, ASA and evaluation risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) with FRS classification. There were 2 open conversions because of vein resections, accounting for 5.4%. Standard lymphadenectomy was performed in all of 37 cases. In term of PREPARE score, major complications (Clavien - Dindo >= III) were 17.8%, 0% and 0% (5/28, 0/5 and 0/2 cases) in low risk, intermediate risk and high risk group, respectively. All of cases had ASA I or II. POPF happened 11.1% (1/9), 4.1% (1/24) and 50% (1/2) in low risk, intermediate risk and high risk group, respectively. Frozen section was needed for R0 margin. Retrieved lymph nodes was 8 - 18 with 12 lymph nodes in average. Conclusions: Indication for LPD with resectable tumors is acceptable. ASA I or II is a safe measure to select patient for LPD. FRS classification shows appropriation to evaluate risk of POPF.
Le, Minh Tam,Nguyen, Thi Tam An,Nguyen, Thi Thai Thanh,Nguyen, Van Trung,Le, Dinh Duong,Nguyen, Vu Quoc Huy,Cao, Ngoc Thanh,Aints, Alar,Salumets, Andres The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2018 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.45 No.3
Objective: In frozen and thawed embryos, the zona pellucida (ZP) can be damaged due to hardening. Laser-assisted hatching (LAH) of embryos can increase the pregnancy rate. This study compared thinning and drilling of the ZP before frozen embryo transfer (FET). Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups for LAH using thinning or drilling on day 2 after thawing. Twenty-five percent of the ZP circumference and 50% of the ZP thickness was removed in the thinning group, and a hole $40{\mu}m$ in diameter was made in the drilling group. Results: A total of 171 in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection FET cycles, including 85 cycles with drilling LAH and 86 cycles with thinning LAH, were carried out. The thinning group had a similar ${\beta}$-human chorionic gonadotropin-positive rate (38.4% vs. 29.4%), implantation rate (16.5% vs. 14.4%), clinical pregnancy rate (36.0% vs. 25.9%), miscarriage rate (5.8% vs. 2.4%), ongoing pregnancy rate (30.2% vs. 23.5%), and multiple pregnancy rate (7.0% vs. 10.6%) to the drilling LAH group. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between subgroups defined based on age (older or younger than 35 years) or ZP thickness (greater or less than $17{\mu}m$) according to the LAH method. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that partial ZP thinning or drilling resulted in similar outcomes in implantation and pregnancy rates using thawed embryos, irrespective of women's age or ZP thickness.
Does conventional freezing affect sperm DNA fragmentation?
Le, Minh Tam,Nguyen, Thai Thanh Thi,Nguyen, Tung Thanh,Nguyen, Trung Van,Nguyen, Tam An Thi,Nguyen, Quoc Huy Vu,Cao, Thanh Ngoc The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2019 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.46 No.2
Objective: Sperm cryopreservation has been widely used in assisted reproductive technology, as it offers great potential for the treatment of some types of male infertility. However, cryopreservation may result in changes in membrane lipid composition and acrosome status, as well as reductions in sperm motility and viability. This study aimed to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation damage caused by conventional freezing using the sperm chromatin dispersion test. Methods: In total, 120 fresh human semen samples were frozen by conventional methods, using SpermFreeze Solution as a cryoprotectant. Routine semen analysis and a Halosperm test (using the Halosperm kit) were performed on each sample before freezing and after thawing. Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared between these groups. Results: There was a significant decrease in sperm progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology after conventional freezing (32.78%, 79.58%, and 3.87% vs. 16%, 55.99%, and 2.55%, respectively). The sperm head, midpiece, and tail defect rate increased slightly after freezing. Furthermore, the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was significantly higher after thawing than before freezing (19.21% prior to freezing vs. 22.23% after thawing). Significant increases in the DFI after cryopreservation were observed in samples with both normal and abnormal motility and morphology, as well as in those with normal viability. Conclusion: Conventional freezing seems to damage some sperm parameters, in particular causing a reduction in sperm DNA integrity.