유동상 여과를 이용한 지표수 전처리

Visvanathan, C .,Werellagama, D . R . I . B .,Aim, R . Ben 한국수처리기술연구회 1997 한국수처리학회지 Vol.5 No.3

침출수 조절에 영향을 미치는 폐기물 구성과 매립지 운영 : 열대지역 조건에서 모형매립조 실험

( Chettiyappan Visvanathan ),( Josef Tränkler ),( Periyathamby Kumparan ),( Qin Xiaoning ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

남쪽과 남동아시아에서, 고형폐기물의 90%이상은 공공연히 투기되어 진다. 이러한 지역의 특별한 기후조건을 고려한다면, 공학적인 위생 매립지와 투기사이의 변화가 가능한 발전된 설계와, 운영이 간단한 매립지가 필요하다. 이러한 조사는 매립가스의 발생과 침출수 조절, 전처리, 폐기물 분리에 따른 포괄적인 조사가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 열대기후조건 하에서 우선적으로 실험적 6개의 모형매립조의 결과를 제시한다. 이러한 모형매립조는 다른 전처리의 폐기물, 운영되는 배열, 최상 복토층을 평가한다. 건조하고 습한 기후조건 하에서 모형매립조 측정은 폐기물 전처리와 침출수 발생에 중대한 영향을 미치는 운영체계와 매립지 안정화 비율을 나타낸다. In South and South East Asia more than 90 % of solid waste is disposed of in open dumps. Considering this region’s specific climatic conditions, it is necessary to develop strategies to design and operate simple landfills, which are in-transition between dumpsite and engineered sanitary landfill. This approach demands comprehensive research on waste segregation, pre-treatment, control of leachate and landfill gas generation. This paper presents the primary experimental findings of six lysimeters operated under tropical climatic conditions. In these lysimeters, wastes with different pre-treatment, operational arrangement and top cover designs were evaluated. The lysimeter observation consisting of dry and wet climatic conditions reveals that waste pretreatment and operational mode play a significant role in leachate generation rate, and landfill settlement rate.

APPLICATION OF AIR BACKFLUSHING TECHNIQUE IN MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR

( C . Visvanathan,Byung Soo Yang,S . Muttamara,R . Maythanukhraw ) 한국물환경학회 1997 제6차 국제수질보전학회 아시아 태평양지역 학술회의 Vol.2 No.-

INFLUENCE OF LANDFILL OPERATION AND WASTE COMPOSITION ON LEACHATE CONTROL: LYSIMETER EXPERIMENTS UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS

( Chettiyappan Visvanathan ),( Josef Tränkler ),( Periyathamby Kuruparan ),( Qin Xiaoning ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

In South and South East Asia more than 90 % of solid waste is disposed of in open dumps. Considering this legion’s specific climatic conditions, it is necessary to develop strategies to design and operate simple landfills, which are in-transition between dumpsite and engineered sanitary landfill. This approach demands comprehensive research on waste segregation, pre-treatment, control of leachate and landfill gas generation. This paper presents the primary experimental findings of six lysimeters operated under tropical climatic conditions. In these lysimeters, wastes with different pre-treatment, operational arrangement and top cover designs were evaluated. The lysimeter observation consisting of dry and wet climatic conditions reveals that waste pretreatment and operational mode play a significant role in leachate generation rate, and landfill settlement rate.

MECHANICAL BIOLOGICAL PRETREATMENT - A CASE STUDY FOR PHITSANULOK LANDFILL IN THAILAND

( Josef O. Tränkler ),( Renuka M. Ranaweera ),( Chettiyappan Visvanathan ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

A sanitary landfill under operation since the beginning of 1999 has been the objective of our analysis. All available information of this site served as input for a detailed analyzing. Further to that results derived from semi-scale lysimeters and lab- tests have been used to refine the comparison with respect to the forecast. As pre-treatment method windrow composting was discussed under given boundaries. After a period of 9-12 months degradation the material is supposed to be disposed of in that landfill. Leachate production and gaseous emission of both the composting and the landfill under tropical conditions influenced by monsoon have been assessed. Consequently gas production potential of both processed and untreated waste was determined for the comparison. Pre-treatment, i.e. mechanical biological processing or simple composting of MSW (not for the production of quality compost) is suggested as one option for improving the landfill performance in the tropical region viz. Thailand by reducing landfill emission. The outcome of the comparison and a prediction over a timeframe of 20 years proves the benefits of a reasonable emission reduction by a pre-treatment process. The cumulative pollution load from leachate can be diminished for COD and nitrogen compounds by 77 - 89%. The overall gas formation can be reduced by more than 35 % and the global warming potential will be abated by more than 70%. Main benefit of waste pre-treatment will be achieved in combination of composting and a landfilling with a simple methane oxidation system in the top layer. The total waste mass will be diminished saving landfill volume and achieving a lifetime extension of the landfill. Landfill after care will thus be reduced significantly.

Waste Auditing and Its Applications in Improving The Dyeing Industry Environment

V . Jegateesan,S . H . Lee,C . Visvanathan,L . Shu,M . Marzella 대한환경공학회 1998 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.4 No.4

기계적 생물학적 전처리 - 태국 PHITSANULOK 매립지에서의 사례연구

( Josef O. Tränkler ),( Renuka M. Ranaweera ),( Chettiyappan Visvanathan ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

본 연구에서는 1999년 초 이후 운영 중에 있는 한 매립지를 대상으로 하였다. 이 매립지에 관한 모든 이용가능한 정보는 세부조사의 입력자료로 사용된다. 또한 중간규모의 매립조와 lab-test에서 얻어진 결과는 예측치와 비교하는 데 이용되었다. 전처리 방법으로서 주어진 조건에서 windrow compost이 검토되었다. 9~12개월의 분해를 거친 물질은 매립지로 최종처분된다. 몬순기후의 영향을 받는 열대조건에서 퇴비화와 매립과정에서의 침출수 발생과 가스발생이 평가되었다. 그 결과로서 처리 및 미처리된 폐기물의 가스발생잠재력을 비교하기 위하여 측정되었다. 전처리, 즉, 기계적 생물학적 처리 또는 폐기물의 간단한 퇴비화(양질의 퇴비 생산을 위한 것이 아님)는 매립지 방출을 감소시킴으로써 열대지역, 즉, 태국에서 매립성능을 향상시키기 위한 한 가지 방법으로 제안된다. 비교결과와 20년간의 예측결과는 전처리를 통하여 합리적으로 방출량을 감소시킬 수 있음을 보여준다. 침출수로부터 축적되는 오염부하는 COD와 질소화합물의 경우 77~89% 감소가 가능하다. 총 가스 생산량은 35%이상 감소할 수 있으며 이는 70% 이상의 지구온난화잠재력의 저감을 가져올 수 있다. 퇴비화와 최종복토층에 간단한 메탄산화시스템을 둔 매립시스템을 조합함으로써 폐기물의 전처리로부터 얻을 수 있는 주요한 이득을 얻을 수 있다. 총폐기물량이 감소되어 매립공간을 줄이고 매립지의 수명을 연장할 수 있을 것 이다. 그러므로 사후 관리의 필요성은 현저하게 줄어들 것이다. A sanitary landfill under operation since the beginning of 1999 has been the objective of our analysis. All available information of this site served as input for a detailed analyzing. Further to that results derived from semi-scale lysimeters and lab-tests have been used to refine the comparison with respect to the forecast. As pre-treatment method windrow composting was discussed under given boundaries. After a period of 9-12 months degradation the material is supposed to be disposed of in that landfill. Leachate production and gaseous emission of both the composting and the landfill under tropical conditions influenced by monsoon have been assessed. Consequently gas production potential of both processed and untreated waste was determined for the comparison. Pre-treatment, i.e. mechanical biological processing or simple composting of MSW (not for the production of quality compost) is suggested as one option for improving the landfill performance in the tropical region viz. Thailand by reducing landfill emission. The outcome of the comparison and a prediction over a timeframe of 20 years proves the benefits of a reasonable emission reduction by a pre-treatment process. The cumulative pollution load from leachate can be diminished for COD and nitrogen compounds by 77 - 89%. The overall gas formation can be reduced by more than 35 % and the global warming potential will be abated by more than 70%. Main benefit of waste pre-treatment will be achieved in combination of composting and a landfilling with a simple methane oxidation system in the top layer. The total waste mass will be diminished saving landfill volume and achieving a lifetime extension of the landfill. Landfill after care will thus be reduced significantly.

A CASE STUDY ON WASTE AUDITING IN AN ICE CREAM FACTORY

V . Jegatheesan,S . H . Lee,C . Visvanathan,C . A . Tariman,L . Shu,Maria Marzella 대한환경공학회 1999 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.4 No.2

Addressing Wallacean shortfall using small sampling approach: a case study with endemic Lycodon flavicollis (Squamata: Colubridae) Mukherjee & Bhupathy, 2007

Sanath Krishna Muliya,Anukul Nath,Gandla Chethan Kumar,Avinash Visvanathan,Melvin Selvan,Raghuram Gowda,Vishal Santra,Abhijit Das 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.2

Delineating species distribution comprising information on habitat suitability is vital for developingconservation strategies. Like many other snake species, Lycodon flavicollis is a poorly studied peninsularIndian endemic species known only from few locality records. We used MaxEnt following the smallsampling approach to determine the probable distribution of the species. We found that the majority ofthe predicted area falls under Deccan Peninsular (Central Plateau and Deccan South) region of Indiafollowed by parts of Western Ghats. Isothermality and mean temperature of wettest quarter hadconsiderable influence on the predicted distribution range of the species. The findings of the presentwork show that our modelling approach may help in identifying new areas where this species may occur. We discussed the usefulness of this approach in determining potential distribution of data deficientspecies such as L. flavicollis. Additionally, we have also provided significant information on morphologyand natural history to enrich our current knowledge on the species.

Golimumab, a human antibody to tumour necrosis factor α given by monthly subcutaneous injections, in active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy: the GO-FORWARD Study

Keystone, E C,Genovese, M C,Klareskog, L,Hsia, E C,Hall, S T,Miranda, P C,Pazdur, J,Bae, S-C,Palmer, W,Zrubek, J,Wiekowski, M,Visvanathan, S,Wu, Z,Rahman, M U BMJ Publishing Group 2009 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Vol.68 No.6

<P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>The phase III GO-FORWARD study examined the efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate therapy.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Patients were randomly assigned in a 3 : 3 : 2 : 2 ratio to receive placebo injections plus methotrexate capsules (group 1, n  =  133), golimumab 100 mg injections plus placebo capsules (group 2, n  =  133), golimumab 50 mg injections plus methotrexate capsules (group 3, n  =  89), or golimumab 100 mg injections plus methotrexate capsules (group 4, n  =  89). Injections were administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks. The co-primary endpoints were the proportion of patients with 20% or greater improvement in the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20) at week 14 and the change from baseline in the health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) score at week 24.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The proportion of patients who achieved an ACR20 response at week 14 was 33.1% in the placebo plus methotrexate group, 44.4% (p = 0.059) in the golimumab 100 mg plus placebo group, 55.1% (p = 0.001) in the golimumab 50 mg plus methotrexate group and 56.2% (p<0.001) in the golimumab 100 mg plus methotrexate group. At week 24, median improvements from baseline in HAQ-DI scores were 0.13, 0.13 (p = 0.240), 0.38 (p<0.001) and 0.50 (p<0.001), respectively. During the placebo-controlled portion of the study (to week 16), serious adverse events occurred in 2.3%, 3.8%, 5.6% and 9.0% of patients and serious infections occurred in 0.8%, 0.8%, 2.2% and 5.6%, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>The addition of golimumab to methotrexate in patients with active RA despite methotrexate therapy significantly reduced the signs and symptoms of RA and improved physical function.</P>