FLEAS OF KOREA

Vernon J. Tipton,J. Wanless Southwick,Hyong-Sun Ah,Hyo-Sok Yu 대한기생충학열대의학회 1972 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.10 No.1

Nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) Method of Computing LF/HF Ratio: A More Reliable Index of Changes in Heart Rate Variability

Vernon Bond, Jr,Curry, Bryan H,Kumar, Krishna,Pemminati, Sudhakar,Gorantla, Vasavi R,Kadur, Kishan,Millis, Richard M KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.3

Objectives: Acupuncture treatments are safe and effective for a wide variety of diseases involving autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for assessing sympathovagal balance. The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) spectral power ratio is an index of sympathovagal influence on heart rate and of cardiovascular health. This study tests the hypothesis that from rest to 30% to 50% of peak oxygen consumption, the nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) method of computing the LF/HF ratio is a more reliable index of changes in the HRV than linear methods are. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 healthy young adults. Electrocardiogram RR intervals were measured during 6-minute periods of rest and aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer at 30% and 50% of peak oxygen consumption ($VO_{2peak}$). Results: The frequency domain CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio and the time domain computations of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased sequentially from rest to 30% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.001) to 50% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.05). The SDNN and the CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio were positively correlated (Pearson's r = 0.75, P < 0.001). fast Fourier transform (FFT), autoregressive (AR) and Lomb periodogram computations of the LF/HF ratio increased only from rest to 50% $VO_{2peak}$. Conclusion: Computations of the LF/HF ratio by using the nonlinear CZF method appear to be more sensitive to changes in physical activity than computations of the LF/HF ratio by using linear methods. Future studies should determine whether the CZF computation of the LF/HF ratio improves evaluations of pharmacopuncture and other treatment modalities.

Restricted Blood Flow Exercise in Sedentary, Overweight African-American Females May Increase Muscle Strength and Decrease Endothelial Function and Vascular Autoregulation

Vernon Bond,Richard Mark Millis,Bryan Heath Curry,Krishna Kumar,Sudhakar Pemminati,Vasavi Rakesh Gorantla,Kishan Kadur 대한약침학회 2017 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.20 No.1

Objectives: Exercise with partially restricted blood flow is a low-load, low-intensity resistance training regimen which may have the potential to increase muscle strength in the obese, elderly and frail who are unable to do highload training. Restricted blood flow exercise has also been shown to affect blood vessel function variably and can, therefore, contribute to blood vessel dysfunction. This pilot study tests the hypothesis that unilateral resistance training of the leg extensors with partially restricted blood flow increases muscle strength and decreases vascular autoregulation. Methods: The subjects were nine normotensive, overweight, young adult African-Americans with low cardiorespiratory fitness who underwent unilateral training of the quadriceps’ femoris muscles with partially restricted blood flow at 30% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) load for 3 weeks. The 1-RM load and post-occlusion blood flow to the lower leg (calf) were measured during reactive hyperemia. Results: The 1-RM load increased in the trained legs from 77 ± 3 to 84 ± 4 kg (P < 0.05) in the absence of a significant effect on the 1-RM load in the contralateral untrained legs (P > 0.1). Post-occlusion blood flow decreased significantly in the trained legs from 19 ± 2 to 13 ± 2 mL· min-1· dL-1 (P < 0.05) and marginally in the contralateral untrained legs from 18 ± 2 to 16 ± 1 mL· min-1· dL-1 (P = 0.09). Changes in post-occlusion blood flow to the skin overlying the trained and the contralateral untrained muscles were not significant. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that restricted blood flow exercise, which results in significant gains in muscle strength, may produce decrements in endothelial dysfunction and vascular autoregulation. Future studies should determine whether pharmacopuncture plays a role in treatments for such blood vessel dysfunction.

The Impact of External Economic Assistance to Korea

( Vernon W. Ruttan ),( Anne O. Krueger ) 한국농촌경제연구원 1986 Journal of Rural Development Vol.9 No.2

PRESENT AND FUTURE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION

Pursel, Vernon G. 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1990 국제 심포지움 Vol.- No.1

금후 10년간 생명공학적 기술을 가축생산에 최대한 활용하기 위하여 다음과 같은 분야의 획기적인 연구 성과가 요구된다. 1. 유전자의 접합효율 증대: 외래유전자가 수정란의 염색체에 접합되는 효율을 증대시킴으로써 유전자를 이용하는 연구가 급진전될 것이다. 따라서 수정란 미세조작 전후 또는 과정 중에 유전자의 접합효율을 제고시키기 위한 적절한 처리를 위해서 유전자의 접합과정에서 일어나는 기전을 규명하는 것이 시급하다. 배양중인 수정란의 stem cell들에 유전자를 도입시킨 후 이들을 수정란에 융합시키는 방법이 외래유전자를 도입하는 방법에 있어서 가장 효과적인 방법이라고 보는데 이것은 우수유전자를 도입시키는 것과 동시에 원래의 상동유전자를 제거시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 2. 외래유전자의 발현조절: 현재 유전자의 발현조절에 관한 지식이 매우 부족하여 외래유전자가 효율적으로 통합되었을 때도 그 이용효율이 �蔓�실정이다. 따라서 외래유전자를 지닌 고능력가축을 생산하는데는 유전자를 특이조직에서 발현시키거나 발현정도를 인위적으로 조절할 수 있는 효율적인 방법을 개발하려는 연구가 절실하다. 3. 우수유전자의 확보: 현재 염기서열이 결정되고 확보되어진 유전자의 수가 매우 적다. 특히 세포배양에서 염색체 DNA보다 cDNA를 사용하는 것이 간편하고 또한 이러한 유전자를 확보하는데 있어서도 cDNA의 조작과정이 단순하고 시간이 절약되기 때문에 확보된 유전자들 중에도 염기서열이 결정된 염색체의 유전자는 거의 없다. 더구나 대부분의 포유동물 유전자에 관한 연구에서 흰쥐나 사람으로부터 분리된 유전자를 주로 사용해 왔기 때문에 가축으로부터 확보된 유전자는 없는 실정이다. 따라서 금후 가죽의 우수유전자를 확보하여 그 유용성을 확인하기 위한 연구가 절실히 요구된다. 4. 성장과 발달 및 면역에 관한 기초지식: 성장과 발달 및 면역에 관한 기초지식이 계속적으로 축적되어오고 있지만 유전자 수준에서부터 가축의 개체까지 이 세가지 분야의 상호관계 기전을 규명하는 것은 아직 요원하다. 더욱이 이들중 어떤 분야에서도 이와 관련된 우수유전자를 거의 발견하지 못하고 있을 뿐만 아니라 염기 서열을 확인하거나 유전자를 clone한 것도 전무한 실정이다. 5. 가축생산의 인위적 조절: 현재 첨단기술로 알려진 : (a) 난자의 체외발달과 성숙 (b) 체외 수정 (c) 배반포기까지의 발달 (d) 우수유전자를 지닌 수정란의 체외증식 (e) 인위적 성감별과 같은 기술들을 가축생산에서 완벽하게 응용할 수 있도록 보다 집중적인 연구가 요구된다.

Restricted Blood Flow Exercise in Sedentary, Overweight African-American Females May Increase Muscle Strength and Decrease Endothelial Function and Vascular Autoregulation

Bond, Vernon,Curry, Bryan Heath,Kumar, Krishna,Pemminati, Sudhakar,Gorantla, Vasavi Rakesh,Kadur, Kishan,Millis, Richard Mark KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2017 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.20 No.1

Objectives: Exercise with partially restricted blood flow is a low-load, low-intensity resistance training regimen which may have the potential to increase muscle strength in the obese, elderly and frail who are unable to do high-load training. Restricted blood flow exercise has also been shown to affect blood vessel function variably and can, therefore, contribute to blood vessel dysfunction. This pilot study tests the hypothesis that unilateral resistance training of the leg extensors with partially restricted blood flow increases muscle strength and decreases vascular autoregulation. Methods: The subjects were nine normotensive, overweight, young adult African-Americans with low cardiorespiratory fitness who underwent unilateral training of the quadriceps' femoris muscles with partially restricted blood flow at 30% of the 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) load for 3 weeks. The 1-RM load and post-occlusion blood flow to the lower leg (calf) were measured during reactive hyperemia. Results: The 1-RM load increased in the trained legs from $77{\pm}3$ to $84{\pm}4 kg$ (P < 0.05) in the absence of a significant effect on the 1-RM load in the contralateral untrained legs (P > 0.1). Post-occlusion blood flow decreased significantly in the trained legs from $19{\pm}2$ to $13{\pm}2mL{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}dL^{-1}$ (P < 0.05) and marginally in the contralateral untrained legs from $18{\pm}2$ to $16{\pm}1mL{\cdot}min^{-1}{\cdot}dL^{-1}$ (P = 0.09). Changes in post-occlusion blood flow to the skin overlying the trained and the contralateral untrained muscles were not significant. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that restricted blood flow exercise, which results in significant gains in muscle strength, may produce decrements in endothelial dysfunction and vascular autoregulation. Future studies should determine whether pharmacopuncture plays a role in treatments for such blood vessel dysfunction.

Current Mechanistic Approaches to the Chemoprevention of Cancer

Steele, Vernon E. 한국생화학분자생물학회 2003 BMB Reports Vol.36 No.1

The prevention of cancer is one of the most important public health and medical practices of 21^st century. We have made much progress in this new emerging field, but so much remains to be accomplished before widespread use and practice become common place. Cancer chemoprevention encompasses the concepts of inhibition, reversal, and retardation of the cancer process. This process, called carcinogenesis, requires 20-40 years to reach the endpoint called invasive cancer. It typically follows multiple, diverse and complex pathways in a stochastic process of clonal evolution. These pathways appear amenable to inhibition, reversal or retardation at various points. We must therefore identify key pathways in the evolution of the cancer cell that can be exploited to prevent this carcinogenesis process. Basic research is identifying many genetic lesions and epigenetic processes associated with the progression of precancer to invasive disease. Many of these early precancerous lesions favor cell division over quiescence and protect cells against apoptosis when signals are present. Many oncogenes are active during early development and are reactivated in adulthood by aberrant gene promoting errors. Normal regulatory genes are mutated, making them insensitive to normal regulatory signals. Tumor suppressor genes are deleted or mutated rendering them inactive. Thus there is a wide range of defects in cellular machinery which can lead to evolution of the cancer phenotype. Mistakes may not have to appear in a certain order for cells to progress along the cancer pathway. To conquer this diverse disease, we must attack multiple key pathways at once for a predetermined period of time. Thus, agent combination prevention strategies are essential to decrease cancer morbidity. Furthermore, each cancer type may required custom combination of prevention strategies to be successful.

Agreement Level of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptom Reports between Children and Their Parents

Angharad Vernon-Roberts,Emma Rouse,Nerissa L Bowcock,Daniel A Lemberg,Andrew S Day 대한소아소화기영양학회 2023 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently undergo clinical assessments, involving triadic communication between clinician, parent, and child. During such encounters parents are traditionally the main communicator of information on their child’s IBD, including subjective symptom reports. The level of agreement between children and their parents for IBD symptoms is poorly understood, and this study aimed to examine this factor. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among children with IBD, and one parent. A validated paediatric IBD symptom report tool (IBDnow) enabled children and their parent to rate seven pain, well-being, and stool metrics, with dyads completing the tool concurrently. Results were assessed using: Individual agreement: proportion of identical symptom reports by each dyad (ideal score >0.7); Category agreement: percentage of identical reports for IBDnow metrics for the cohort; Inter-rater reliability: Gwet’s AC1 coefficient with higher scores indicating better reliability (maximum=1). Results: Seventy-four parent/child dyads participated; child’s mean age 12.2 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.9, range 6-16), mean time since diagnosis 2.8 years (SD 3), 54% female, 73% had Crohn’s Disease. Mean individual agreement level was 0.6, with 27% of dyads agreeing on ≥6/7 IBDnow metrics. Category agreement was reported by 61% of dyads, 20% of parents overestimated, and 19% underestimated, their child’s symptoms. Inter-rater reliability ranged from fair to good. Conclusion: These results should improve clinician awareness of how IBD symptom reports from parents may introduce bias. Children should be considered the most important source of symptom reports, and tools such as IBDnow utilised to enhance communication.

Current Mechanistic Approaches to the Chemoprevention of Cancer

Steele, Vernon E. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2003 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.36 No.1

The prevention of cancer is one of the most important public health and medical practices of the $21^{st}$ century. We have made much progress in this new emerging field, but so much remains to be accomplished before widespread use and practice become common place. Cancer chemoprevention encompasses the concepts of inhibition, reversal, and retardation of the cancer process. This process, called carcinogenesis, requires 20-40 years to reach the endpoint called invasive cancer. It typically follows multiple, diverse and complex pathways in a stochastic process of clonal evolution. These pathways appear amenable to inhibition, reversal or retardation at various points. We must therefore identify key pathways in the evolution of the cancer cell that can be exploited to prevent this carcinogenesis process. Basic research is identifying many genetic lesions and epigenetic processes associated with the progression of precancer to invasive disease. Many of these early precancerous lesions favor cell division over quiescence and protect cells against apoptosis when signals are present. Many oncogenes are active during early development and are reactivated in adulthood by aberrant gene promoting errors. Normal regulatory genes are mutated, making them insensitive to normal regulatory signals. Tumor suppressor genes are deleted or mutated rendering them inactive. Thus there is a wide range of defects in cellular machinery which can lead to evolution of the cancer phenotype. Mistakes may not have to appear in a certain order for cells to progress along the cancer pathway. To conquer this diverse disease, we must attack multiple key pathways at once for a predetermined period of time. Thus, agent combination prevention strategies are essential to decrease cancer morbidity. Furthermore, each cancer type may require custom combination of prevention strategies to be successful.

환경교육에 있어서의 보호구역의 역할 (상)

길버트바논씨,Gilbert, Vernon-C 한국자연공원협회 1982 한국자연공원 Vol.20 No.-