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Effect of conditions of air-lift type reactor work on cadmium adsorption
Urszula Filipkowska,Paula Szymczyk,Małgorzata Kuczajowska-Zadrożna,Tomasz Jóźwiak 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.10
We investigated cadmium sorption by activated sludge immobilized in 1.5% sodium alginate with 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol. Experiments were conducted in an air-lift type reactor at the constant concentration of biosorbent reaching 5 d.m./dm3, at three flow rates: 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 V/h, and at three concentrations of the inflowing cadmium solution: 10, 25 and 50mg/dm3. Analyses determined adsorption capacity of activated sludge immobilized in alginate as well as reactor’s work time depending on flow rate and initial concentration of the solution. Results achieved were described with the use of Thomas model. The highest adsorption capacity of the sorbent (determined from the Thomas model), i.e., 200.2mg/g d.m. was obtained at inflowing solution concentration of 50mg/dm3 and flow rate of 0.1V/h, whereas the lowest one reached 53.69mg/g d.m. at the respective values of 10mg/dm3 and 0.1 V/h. Analyses were also carried out to determine the degree of biosorbent adsorption capacity utilization at the assumed effectiveness of cadmium removal - at the breakthrough point (C=0.05*C0) and at adsorption capacity depletion point (C−0.9*C0). The study demonstrated that the effectiveness of adsorption capacity utilization was influenced by both the concentration and flow rate of the inflowing solution. The highest degree of sorbent capacity utilization was noted at inflowing solution concentration of 50mg/dm3 and flow rate of 0.1 V/h, whereas the lowest one at the respective values of 10mg/dm3 and 0.1 V/h. The course of the process under dynamic conditions was evaluated using coefficients of tangent inclination - a, at point C/C0=½. A distinct tendency was demonstrated in changes of tangent slope a as affected by the initial concentration of cadmium and flow rate of the solution. The highest values of a coefficient were achieved at the flow rate of 0.1 V/h and initial cadmium concentration of 50mg/dm3.
Urszula Dettlaf-Wegl,Viera Skakalova,Jannik Meyer,Jiri Cech,Bernd G. Mueller,Siegmar Roth 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.1
We present a comparative study of uorinated single wall carbon nanotubes and C60 peapods. The uorination was carried out byxenon diuoride treatment at moderate temperature (100.C). The uorination level was determined by EDX. In empty nanotubes aometry of C4F). TEM images show that this uorination procedure does not aect the peapod structure. The elemental mapping carriedout by EELS reveals homogenous distribution of uorine along the carbon nanotube bundle. This chemical treatment is found to changethe electrical properties of carbon nanotubes in bucky papers. Four-probe measurements indicate a conductivity decrease by up to twoorders of magnitude at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the conductivity indicates a signicant change in the chargecarrier density of this system. Moreover, a non-linear behavior of theIV characteristic is observed below 50 K in uorinated peapods.
Urszula Czy_zewska,Joanna Konon´czuk,Paweł Dra˛gowski,Renata Pawlak-Morka,Arkadiusz Sura_zyn´ski,Wojciech Miltyk 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.5
Propolis is a resin that is collected by honeybees from various plant sources. Due to its pharmacological properties, it is used in commercial production of nutritional supplements in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied for quality control analysis of the three commercial specimens containing aqueous-alcoholic extracts of bee propolis. More than 230 constituents were detected in analyzed products, including flavonoids, chalcones, cinnamic acids and their esters, phenylpropenoid glycerides, and phenylpropenoid sesquiterpenoids. An allergenic benzyl cinnamate ester was also identified in all tested samples. This analytical method allows to evaluate biological activity and potential allergenic components of bee glue simultaneously. Studies on chemical composition of propolis samples may provide new approach to quality and safety control analysis in production of propolis supplementary specimens.
Chemical functionalization of single walled carbon nanotubes
Urszula Dettlaff-Weglikowska,Jean-Michel Benoit,Po-Wen Chiu,Ralf Graupner,Sergey Lebedkin,Siegmar Roth 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.6
Chemical modication has been performed on puried single walled carbon nanotubes. XPS spectrum shows that the peaksequent coupling reactions were carried out with diamine molecules to form intertube connections. Tripropylentetramine andphenylendiamine have been chosen as a molecular linker. End-to-side and end-to-end nanotube interconnections are formed andthen observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Statistical analysis made from AFM images shows around 30% junctions infunctionalized and less than 2% in pristine material. Remarkable features can be observed in the Raman spectra at dierentfunctionalization steps. Simple conductance measurements on bucky papers prepared from prestine nanotubes and from nanotubes. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Fields upon Accumulation of Zinc in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
( Pankiewicz Urszula ),( Jerzy Jamroz ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6
Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were treated with pulsed electric fields to improve accumulation of zinc in the biomass. Under optimized conditions, that is, on 15 min exposure of the 20 h grown culture to PEFs of 1500 V and 10 μs pulse width, accumulation of zinc in the yeast biomass reached a maximum of 15.57 mg/g d.m. Under optimum zinc concentration (100 μg/ml nutrient medium), its accumulation in the cells was higher by 63% in comparison with the control (without PEFs). That accumulation significantly correlated against zinc concentration in the medium. Neither multiple exposure of the cultures to PEFs nor intermittent supplementation of the cultures with zinc increased the zinc accumulation. The intermittent supplementation of the cultures with zinc and multiple exposures on PEFs could even reduce the accumulation efficiency, respectively, by 57% and 47%.
The effect of partial transparency of spherical targets on TLS point clouds registration accuracy
Grzegorz Lenda,Urszula Marmol,Michał Buczek 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.7
Registering of point clouds from terrestrial laser scanning, is often carried out using spherical targets. Instead of expensive originaltargets, it is also possible to use other spherical elements. Such targets, encountered in practice, may be, for example, Styrofoamspheres, spheres built using 3D printers, spherical, milky lampshades. Most spheres which are used as substitutes, have a certaincommon feature: as a result of partial transparency of the material, the laser beam can penetrate inside, changing distancemeasurements. This applies both to glass spheres and a wide range of synthetic products. These materials may therefore have anegative effect on the accuracy of determining the centers of the reference spheres and, consequently, the accuracy of registrationpoint clouds in neighbouring scanners’ positions. This paper presents the results of the research studies allowing to assess this effect. Both the accuracy of determining the centers of the spherical targets, as well as the displacements occurring in the point cloudsmerged with their use were determined. Specialized field: Surveying & Geo-Spatial Engineering : Deformation Surveying