An Efficient Algorithm for Approximate Frequent Intemset Mining

Veepu Uppal 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.3

Frequent itemset mining is a focused theme in data mining research and an important step in the analysis of data arising in a broad range of applications. The traditional exact model for frequent itemset requires that every item occur in each supporting transaction. However, real application data is usually subject to random noise. The reasons for noise are human error and measurement error. These reasons pose new challenges for the efficient discovery of frequent Itemset from the noisy data. Approximate frequent itemset mining is the discovery of itemset that are present not exactly but approximately in transactions.Most known approximate frequent Itemset mining algorithms work by explicitly stating the insertion penalty value and weight threshold. This paper presents a new method for generating insertion penalty value and weight threshold using support count of an item.

Unreliable Automated Complete Blood Count Results: Causes, Recognition, and Resolution

Gulati Gene,Uppal Guldeep,Gong Jerald 대한진단검사의학회 2022 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.42 No.5

Automated hematology analyzers generate accurate complete blood counts (CBC) results on nearly all specimens. However, every laboratory encounters, at times, some specimens that yield no or inaccurate result(s) for one or more CBC parameters even when the analyzer is functioning properly and the manufacturer’s instructions are followed to the letter. Inaccurate results, which may adversely affect patient care, are clinically unreliable and require the attention of laboratory professionals. Laboratory professionals must recognize unreliable results, determine the possible cause(s), and be acquainted with the ways to obtain reliable results on such specimens. We present a concise overview of the known causes of unreliable automated CBC results, ways to recognize them, and means commonly utilized to obtain reliable results. Some examples of unreliable automated CBC results are also illustrated. Pertinent analyzer-specific information can be found in the manufacturers’ operating manuals.

Implementation of Star Schemas from ER Model

Gunjan Chandwani,Veepu Uppal 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.8 No.3

A Star Schema is representation of a data warehouse which is used in strategic decision making and analysis. In this paper we present a method ER Diagram is converted into a star schema.

FPGA Implementation of a Neural Network for Character Recognition

Khan, F. A.,Uppal, M.,Song, W.-C.,Kang, M.-J.,Mirza, A. M. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.- No.3973

High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene

Walker, Douglas I,Uppal, Karan,Zhang, Luoping,Vermeulen, Roel,Smith, Martyn,Hu, Wei,Purdue, Mark P,Tang, Xiaojiang,Reiss, Boris,Kim, Sungkyoon,Li, Laiyu,Huang, Hanlin,Pennell, Kurt D,Jones, Dean P,Rot Oxford University Press 2016 International journal of epidemiology Vol.45 No.5

<P><B>Background:</B> Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) has been linked to adverse health outcomes including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and kidney and liver cancer; however, TCE’s mode of action for development of these diseases in humans is not well understood.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of plasma obtained from 80 TCE-exposed workers [full shift exposure range of 0.4 to 230 parts-per-million of air (ppm<SUB>a</SUB>)] and 95 matched controls were completed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Biological response to TCE exposure was determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework, with metabolic changes and plasma TCE metabolites evaluated by dose-response and pathway enrichment. Biological perturbations were then linked to immunological, renal and exposure molecular markers measured in the same population.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Metabolic features associated with TCE exposure included known TCE metabolites, unidentifiable chlorinated compounds and endogenous metabolites. Exposure resulted in a systemic response in endogenous metabolism, including disruption in purine catabolism and decreases in sulphur amino acid and bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Metabolite associations with TCE exposure included uric acid (<I>β</I> = 0.13, <I>P</I>-value = 3.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), glutamine (<I>β</I> = 0.08, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0013), cystine (<I>β</I> = 0.75, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0022), methylthioadenosine (<I>β</I> = −1.6, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0043), taurine (<I>β</I> = −2.4, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0011) and chenodeoxycholic acid (<I>β</I> = −1.3, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0039), which are consistent with known toxic effects of TCE, including immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Correlation with additional exposure markers and physiological endpoints supported known disease associations.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> High-resolution metabolomics correlates measured occupational exposure to internal dose and metabolic response, providing insight into molecular mechanisms of exposure-related disease aetiology.</P>

No Association between the CCR5Δ32 Polymorphism and Sporadic Esophageal Cancer in Punjab, North-West India

Sambyal, Vasudha,Manjari, Mridu,Sudan, Meena,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Singh, Harpreet,Guleria, Kamlesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10

Background: Chemokines and their receptors influence carcinogenesis and cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) directs spread of cancer to other tissues. A 32 base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 that might alter the expression or function of the protein has been implicated in a variety of immune-mediated diseases. The action of antiviral drugs being proposed as adjuvant therapy in cancer is dependent on CCR5 wild type status. In the present study, distribution of CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism was assessed in North Indian esophageal cancer patients to explore the potential of using chemokine receptors antagonists as adjuvant therapy. Materials and Methods: DNA samples of 175 sporadic esophageal cancer patients (69 males and 106 females) and 175 unrelated healthy control individuals (69 males and 106 females) were screened for the CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The frequencies of wild type homozygous (CCR5/CCR5), heterozygous (CCR5/${\Delta}32$) and homozygous mutant (${\Delta}32/{\Delta}32$) genotypes were 96.0 vs 97.72%, 4.0 vs 1.71% and 0 vs 0.57% in patients and controls respectively. There was no difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism in esophageal cancer patients and control group. Conclusions: The CCR5${\Delta}32$ polymorphism is not associated with esophageal cancer in North Indians. As the majority of patients express the wild type allele, there is potential of using antiviral drug therapy as adjuvant therapy.

p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp Polymorphisms of TP53 and CCR5Δ32 in North Indian Breast Cancer Patients

Guleria, Kamlesh,Sharma, Sarika,Manjari, Mridu,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Sambyal, Vasudha Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7

Background: The present study aimed to find the prognostic implications of two polymorphisms in TP53 (p.R72P, PIN3 Ins16bp) and one in CCR5 ($CCR5{\Delta}32$) in sporadic breast cancer patients. Methods: DNA samples of 80 breast cancer patients and 80 age and gender matched unrelated healthy control individuals from Punjab, North West India were analyzed. Results: For p.R72P, the genotype frequency was 13.8% (RR), 58.8% (RP), 27.5% (PP) in patients and 33.9% (RR), 40.0% (RP), 26.5% (PP) in controls. For PIN3 Ins16bp, the genotype frequencies were 53.75% (A1A1), 37.5% (A1A2), 8.75% (A2A2) in patients and 66.3% (A1A1), 31.3% (A1A2), 2.5% (A2A2) in controls. Only 4 (5%) breast cancer patients were heterozygous for $CCR5{\Delta}32$ deletion. Common RR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was lower while RP-A1A2-WT/WT genotype was higher in patients as compared to controls. RP-A1A1-WT/WT genotype was significantly higher in patients as compared to control individuals (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Though a clear association of any particular genotype with sporadic breast cancer or stage was not apparent, the results of present study were suggestive that sporadic breast cancer patients with RR-A1A1-WT/WT genotype might have a better response to chemotherapy, thus improving their chances of survival.

Are Biomarkers Predictive of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction?

Malik, Abhidha,Jeyaraj, Pamela Alice,Calton, Rajneesh,Uppal, Bharti,Negi, Preety,Shankar, Abhishek,Patil, Jaineet,Mahajan, Manmohan Kishan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: The early detection of anthracycline- induced cardiotoxicity is very important since it might be useful in prevention of cardiac decompensation. This study was designed with the intent of assessing the usefulness of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and NT- Pro BNP estimation in early prediction of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study histologically proven breast cancer patients who were scheduled to receive anthracycline containing combination chemotherapy as a part of multimodality treatment were enrolled. Baseline cardiac evaluation was performed by echocardiography (ECHO) and biomarkers like cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N terminal- pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT- Pro BNP). All patients underwent cTnT and NT- Pro BNP estimation within 24 hours of each cycle of chemotherapy and were followed up after 6 months of initiation of chemotherapy. Any changes in follow up ECHO were compared to ECHO at baseline and cTnT and NT- Pro BNP levels after each cycle of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Results: Initial data were obtained for 33 patients. Mean change in left ventricular diastolic diameter (LVDD) within 6 months was $0.154{\pm}0.433cms$ (p value=0.049). Seven out of 33 patients had an increase in biomarker cTnT levels (p value=0.5). A significant change in baseline and follow up LVDD was observed in patients with raised cTnT levels (p value=0.026) whereas no change was seen in ejection fraction (EF) and left atrial diameters (LAD) within 6 months of chemotherapy. NT- Pro BNP levels increased in significant number of patients (p value ${\leq}0.0001$) but no statistically significant change was observed in the ECHO parameters within 6 months. Conclusions: Functional monitoring is a poorly effective method in early estimation of anthracycline induced cardiac dysfunction. Estimation of biomarkers after chemotherapy may allow stratification of patients in various risk groups, thereby opening window for interventional strategies in order to prevent permanent damage to the myocardium.

Comparison of hybrid arch bar versus conventional arch bar for temporary maxillomandibular fixation during treatment of jaw fractures: a prospective comparative study

Samriddhi Burman,Santhosh Rao,Ankush Ankush,Nakul Uppal 대한구강악안면외과학회 2023 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.49 No.6

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a hybrid arch bar (hAB) with the conventional Erich arch bar (EAB) for the management of jaw fractures, focusing on their use for temporary fixation in patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with maxillary and mandibular fractures at our institution were included in this prospective, comparative study. Placement time and ease of occlusal reproducibility were recorded intraoperatively for Group A (hAB patients) and Group B (EAB patients). The primary outcome was comparison of the postoperative stability of the two arch bars. Postoperative measurements also included mucosal overgrowth, screw loosening or wire retightening, and replacement rates. The data were tabulated and computed with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 41 patients. A statistically significant difference was observed in postoperative stability scores (3) between Group A and Group B (85.0% vs 9.5%, P=0.001). The mean placement time in Group A (23.3 minutes) significantly differed from that in Group B (86.4 minutes) (P<0.001). The ease of intraoperative occlusion was not different between the two groups (P=0.413). Mucosal overgrowth was observed in 75.0% of patients (15 of 20) in Group A. Conclusion: The hAB was superior to EAB in clinical efficiency, maxillomandibular fixation time reduction, stability, versatility, and safety. Despite temporary mucosal overgrowth, the benefits of hAB outweigh the disadvantages. The choice between hAB and EAB should be based on specific clinical requirements.

Association of +405C>G and +936C>T Polymorphisms of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene with Sporadic Breast Cancer in North Indians

Kapahi, Ruhi,Manjari, Mridu,Sudan, Meena,Uppal, Manjit Singh,Singh, Neeti Rajan,Sambyal, Vasudha,Guleria, Kamlesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an endothelial cell specific mitogen, has been implicated as a critical factor influencing tumor related angiogenesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the relationship between VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms of VEGF with risk of breast cancer in Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: We screened DNA samples of 192 sporadic breast cancer patients and 192 unrelated healthy, gender and age matched control individuals for VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms using the PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +405C>G polymorphism, we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and strong association of +405GG genotype was observed with three fold risk for breast cancer (OR=3.07; 95%CI 1.41-6.65; p=0.003). For the +936C>T polymorphism, significant associations of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes were observed with elevated risk of breast cancer (p=0.021; 0.023). The combined genotype combinations of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer (p=0.04; 0.0064). Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated significant associations of VEGF +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased breast cancer risk in patients from Punjab, North India.