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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Tolulope O. Ajala (검색결과 4 건)
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Tolulope O. Ajala,Mbang N. Femi-Oyewo,Oluwatoyin A. Odeku,Oluwasanmi O. Aina,Adebowale B. Saba,Olayinka O. Oridupa 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.2
The ethanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn), a plant of ethnomedicinal importance, was formulated into herbal cream and ointment and evaluated using physicochemical, safety and antimicrobial properties. The extract was obtained by maceration and the antimicrobial properties tested on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans) using established methods. Cream and ointment formulations containing 1–10 % w/w extract was prepared and 4 % w/w humectant (glycerin) was incorporated into the cream while 5 % w/w surfactant (cetomacrogol 1000) was incorporated to the ointment. The results showed that the pH of the formulations was acidic and the viscosity ranged from 1250 to 4950 cP for ointments and 570–1233 cP for creams. The presence of humectant and surfactant significantly (p\0.05) reduced the viscosities of the formulations. The results of dermal irritation showed negligible irritation index while subchronic toxicity tests showed that the formulations did not cause any visible lesions in the skin of the animals after application for twenty-one days. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of formulations were concentration-dependent with the creams showing higher activity. Furthermore, the in vivo activity of the cream on S. aureus showed increased antibacterial activity with increase in extract concentration and humectant presence. The herbal cream and ointment of Phyllanthus amarus extract had acceptable physicochemical and safety profiles with significant (p\0.05) in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity. Thus, the formulations could be useful in the treatment of skin infections instead of using the extract for bathing and rubbing.
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Chrysophyllum albidum mucilage as a binding agent in paracetamol tablet formulations
Tolulope O. Ajala,Olufunke D. Akin-Ajani,Chinemerem Ihuoma-Chidi,Oluwatoyin A. Odeku 한국약제학회 2016 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.46 No.6
Chrysophyllum mucilage obtained from the fruit of Chrysophyllum albidum (Family Sapotaceae) has been characterised and evaluated as a binding agent in comparison with methylcellulose in paracetamol tablet formulations. Chrysophyllum mucilage was characterised using elemental and proximate analyses as well as material properties. The Heckel and Kawakita plots were used to assess the compressional properties and the tablet properties were evaluated using tensile strength, friability, disintegration and dissolution times. The results showed the presence of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and absence of heavy metals from the mucilage. The mucilage exhibited excellent flow and swelling properties, but poor water solubility. The viscosity of chrysophyllum mucilage increased with decrease in temperature in a similar manner with methylcellulose. C. albidum mucilage when used as a binder in paracetamol tablet formulation induced faster onset of plastic deformation and higher amount of total plastic deformation than methylcellulose. The results of the tablet properties showed that the tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution times, increased with increase in binder concentration while friability decreased. Tablets containing chrysophyllum mucilage as binder also had lower tensile strength, disintegration and dissolution times but higher friability values than those containing methylcellulose. However, tablets containing chrysophyllum mucilage at low concentrations conformed to pharmacopeial standard on disintegration indicating its potential usefulness as binder for immediate release tablets. Thus, C. albidum mucilage could be used as an alternative binding agent in pharmaceutical tablets.
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Tolulope O. Ajala,Boladale O. Silva 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.5
Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) of antacids is an important indicator of the efficacy of such products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pharmaceutical properties on the ANC of antacid oral suspensions. Fifteen antacid oral suspensions randomly sourced from different manufacturers and coded A1-A15 were assessed using ANC, raft formation, sedimentation profiles, ease of re-dispersibility, density, alkalinity, particle size, viscosity and rheological patterns. The effects of the pharmaceutical properties were discussed on the ANC and conclusions drawn. The results showed that ten (66.67 %) of the samples passed the ANC test among which 5 (83.33 %) were nonsedimenting highly viscous suspensions. One sample (A5) presented raft formation. Sedimentation volume reduces with time, ease of re-dispersibility was in seconds and the density range for all samples was 1.06–1.26 g/mL. The particle sizes of the antacid oral suspensions were within the range for coarse dispersions. The viscosity values ranged from 39.33 ± 1.53 to 2508 ± 24.33 cp. The rheogram of A3 shows a Newtonian flow with a regression coefficient of 0.999 and it had the least ANC. Other samples present non- Newtonian flow in a pseudoplastic pattern. Comparison of the viscosity of samples with ANC shows no direct relationship between the two variables although most samples with low viscosity failed the ANC test. The acid neutralizing capacity of the antacid oral suspensions is influenced by the dynamics of different parameters including type of active pharmaceutical ingredient, sedimentation profile, viscosity and overall rheology of the suspension.
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Oluwatoyin A. Odeku,Aderemi A. Aderogba,Tolulope O. Ajala,Olufunke D. Akin‑Ajani,Adenike Okunlola 한국약제학회 2017 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.47 No.5
Floating gastroretentive microspheres have been used to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration and improve the local effect of metronidazole in the stomach in the treatment of peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. In the present study, cassava starch, obtained from the tubers of Manihot esculenta has been pregelatinized and used as polymer in combination with sodium alginate for the formulation of floating gastroretentive metronidazole microspheres. Metronidazole microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method using pregelatinized cassava starch and sodium alginate at different concentrations as polymers and calcium chloride (2% w/v) as chelating agent. Sodium bicarbonate (2% w/w) was used as gas releasing agent. Microspheres were characterized using the particle size, swelling index, floating lag time (FLT), total floating time and drug release properties. Spherical discrete microspheres with size ranging from 1.52 to 2.23 mm were obtained with FLT of less than 5 min and drug entrapment efficiency of 42–60% w/w. The microsphere maintained buoyancy for over 19 h and the microspheres provided controlled release of metronidazole for up to 18 h. Drug release from the microspheres, swelling index and buoyancy depended on the concentration of cassava starch in the polymer blend. Formulations containing high concentration of cassava starch showing shorter floating lag time and faster drug release. Thus, buoyancy and rate of drug release appeared to be modulated by the concentration of cassava starch in the polymer blend. The results showed that pregelatinized cassava could be useful in the formulation of floating gastroretentive metronidazole microspheres.
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