Quantifying the potential transport of arsenic in the vadose zone

Huynh Huu Tho Tran(Tran Huyn Huu Tho),Jaeshik Chung(정재식),Sang Hyun Kim(김상현),Seunghak Lee(이승학) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Intrinsic exchange bias and vertical hysteresis shift in Bi_0.84La_0.16Fe_0.96Ti_0.04O₃

Tho, P.T.,Kim, D.H.,Phan, T.L.,Dang, N.V.,Lee, B.W. Elsevier 2018 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.462 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have studied the vertical hysteresis shift, the exchange bias, and the exchange spring effect in a polycrystalline sample of Bi<SUB>0.84</SUB>La<SUB>0.16</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.96</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.04</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> at morphotropic phase boundary. The magnetic coupling at the phase boundary causes the formation of pinned spin region, which induces the spin rotation inside the two structural phases. The exchange coupling between the pinned spin and the two phases act as hard/soft coupling layers, respectively. Dependence on the strength of the spin pinning, we observed various types of the exchange coupling at different temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The phase boundary is directly separated two crystal structures into two grain size regions. </LI> <LI> High-temperature magnetic measurement is used to study the magnetic properties and magnetic interactions. </LI> <LI> The vertical hysteresis shift, the exchange bias, and the exchange spring effects are observed at different temperature and applied field conditions. </LI> <LI> The spin pinning at the phase boundary is explained for the various types of magnetic coupling and hysteresis behaviors. </LI> </UL> </P>

Buddhist Tolerance : an Effective Way to Perceive the Other in Vietnamese Buddhism

Tho, Hoang Thi 이화여자대학교 이화인문과학원 2011 탈경계 인문학 Vol.4 No.1

This essay uses the term tolerance conceptualized by UNESCO in the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance (1996) to analyze the Buddhist notion of tolerance and give some examples of Indian and Vietnamese Buddhism. In ancient India, Buddha had used Pali terms: Karuna, Dana, and Metta with the same meaning of tolerance. They were constructed systematically on the religious-philosophical and ethical foundations of Buddhism. Under King Asoka's reign (3rd BC) Buddhist tolerance was successfully applied to unite a vast Indian empire (a multi-religious country) and control it in peace. Buddhism was introduced into Vietnam in different times and by different ways. Vietnam is also a multi-race and multi-religious country. However, the But-Buddhism and Phat-Buddhism of the Vietnamese were adapted and acculturated from Indian and Chinese Buddhism. Thanks to the spirit of tolerance, the Vietnamese have applied it well in resolving political, cultural, and religious problems not only in war time, but also in peace time. Now, in the global context, tolerance is considered the most suitable paradigm for perceiving each other by approaching the other without preconceptions and avoiding the dissolution of each other's character and identity. Hence, tolerance is the key to coexistence through the recognition of difference and alterity.

Direct fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride-wrapped titanate nanotube arraystoward photoelectrochemical water oxidation in neutral medium

Tho Truong Nguyen,Hong-Huy Tran,Thi Minh Cao,Viet Van Pham 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.9

Realizing a long-term, high-performance, and affordable photocatalytic setting for water splitting processesremains challenging despite the tremendous promise. We present a direct fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride-wrappedtitanate nanotube array (gC3N4-wrapped TNA) heterojunction photoelectrodes via a chemical vapor deposition-likeprocess that leverages the pyrolysis and sublimation of melamine at 500 oC. The gC3N4-wrapped TNA heterojunctionphotoelectrodes show a 16 times enhancement of current density and photo-response than bare TNAs. Such a remarkableenhancement comes from the effective charge separation of the gC3N4/TNA interfaces, consequently acceleratingwater splitting to generate oxygen under visible light. In addition, our gC3N4-wrapped TNA photoelectrodes are developedunder a neutral condition that significantly increases their widespread use for practical devices.

Excellent magnetic properties of Co<SUB>52.5</SUB>Fe<SUB>22.5</SUB>Hf₁₀O₁₅ thin films

Tho Luu Van 한국자기학회 2006 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Investigation of crystal structure and magnetic properties in Zn doped Bi0.84La0.16FeO3 ceramics at morphotropic phase boundary

Tho, P.T.,Dang, N.V.,Nghia, N.X.,Khiem, L.H.,Xuan, C.T.A.,Kim, H.S.,Lee, B.W. Elsevier 2018 The Journal of physics and chemistry of solids Vol.121 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this investigation, we have studied the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn doped Bi0.84La0.16FeO3 (<I>x</I> = 0.02–0.1) ceramics at the morphotropic phase boundary of rhombohedral and orthorhombic phases. Rietveld refinement of the obtained XRD patterns and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of multiphases crystal structure of <I>R3c</I> rhombohedral and <I>Pbam</I> orthorhombic. Room temperature magnetic measurements showed weak ferromagnetic ordering and enhancement in magnetization and coercivity with dominating of orthorhombic phase. The isothermal structural transition from <I>R3c</I> to <I>Pbam</I> is caused for the decrease in magnetization and the increase in coercivity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The crystal structure of Bi<SUB>0.84</SUB>La<SUB>0.16</SUB>Fe<SUB>1-x</SUB>Zn<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> at the morphotropic phase boundary. </LI> <LI> The microstructure reveals the coexistence crystal phase and their phase boundary. </LI> <LI> The isothermal structural transition induces the change in magnetic properties. </LI> <LI> The vertical shift (exchange bias) is observed in compounds. </LI> </UL> </P>

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Spirulina platensis in Macrophages Is Beneficial for Adipocyte Differentiation and Maturation by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Tho X. Pham,Ji-Young Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.6

We previously showed that the organic extract of a blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis (SPE), had potent anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages. As the interplay between macrophages and adipocytes is critical for adipocyte functions, we investigated the contribution of the anti-inflammatory effects of SPE in macrophages to adipogenesis/lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 10% conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages (CMC) or LPS-stimulated, but SPE-pretreated, macrophages (CMS) at different stages of adipocyte differentiation. The expression of adipocyte differentiation markers, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and perilipin, was significantly repressed by CMC when added on day 3, while the repression was attenuated by CMS. Oil Red O staining confirmed that adipocyte maturation in CMS-treated cells, but not in CMC-treated cells, was equivalent to that of control cells. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 was decreased by CMS compared to CMC. In lipid-laden adipocytes, CMC promoted the loss of lipid droplets, while CMS had minimal effects. Histone deacetylase 9 mRNA and protein levels were increased during adipocyte maturation, which were decreased by CMC. In conclusion, by cross-talking with adipocytes, the anti-inflammatory effects of SPE in macrophages promoted adipocyte differentiation/maturation, at least in part, by repressing the activation of NF-κB inflammatory pathways, which otherwise can be compromised in inflammatory conditions.

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Ti-doped Bi_0.84La_0.16FeO₃ at morphotropic phase boundary

Tho, P.T.,Clements, E.M.,Kim, D.H.,Tran, N.,Osofsky, M.S.,Phan, M.H.,Phan, T.L.,Lee, B.W. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.741 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have studied the crystal structure and magnetic properties of Bi<SUB>0.84</SUB>La<SUB>0.16</SUB>Fe<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ti<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (<I>x</I> = 0.02–0.1) at the morphotropic phase boundary of <I>R</I>3<I>c</I>, <I>Imma</I>, and <I>Pbam</I> phases. The results of Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction patterns reveal the existence of multi-phase structures, including <I>R</I>3<I>c</I> + <I>Imma</I> for <I>x</I> = 0.02–0.06 and <I>Imma + Pbam</I> for <I>x</I> = 0.08–0.1. The studies of Raman scattering spectra indicate a structural transformation through the disappearance of typical <I>R</I>3<I>c</I> modes. This strongly influences the magnetic properties that are dependent on the crystalline phase ratio. In particular, the magnetic coercivity of <I>x</I> = 0.04–0.06 drastically changes when the <I>Imma</I> phase is dominant. A mechanism of magnetic interactions occurring at the phase boundary is proposed to explain the features of magnetic hysteresis loops of the compounds.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Crystal structure of (La,Ti)-codoped BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> at morphotropic phase boundary. </LI> <LI> Magnetic properties are strongly dependent on the phase ratio of two crystal structures. </LI> <LI> Magnetic interactions at the phase boundary were explained. </LI> <LI> The vertical hysteresis shift (exchange bias) is related to the pinned spin at the phase boundary. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Potential Role of an Endotoxin Tolerance-Like Mechanism for the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Spirulina platensis Organic Extract in Macrophages

Tho X. Pham,박영기,배민경,이지영 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.3

Endotoxin tolerance is a phenomenon where exposure of innate immune cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a refractory state to subsequent endotoxin exposures. The goal of this study was to investigate if Spirulina platensis organic extract (SPE) induces an endotoxin tolerance-like state. We used splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) control or a HF/HS diet containing 0.25% (w/w) SPE for 16 weeks for ex vivo LPS stimulation and endotoxin-tolerant (ET) macrophages to evaluate the effects of SPE on endotoxin tolerance. Cells from SPE-fed mice displayed significantly less expression of proinflammatory genes than those from control mice. ET macrophages were produced in vitro by incubating RAW 264.7 macrophages with low-dose LPS to determine the energy phenotype of naive, SPE-treated, and ET macrophages. Compared to naive macrophages exposed to a high-dose LPS (100 ng/mL) for the first time, ET macrophages showed significantly less proinflammatory gene expression after LPS stimulation, which was also observed with SPE treatment. Consistently, nuclear translocation of p65 was markedly reduced in both ET- and SPE-treated macrophages on LPS stimulation with increase in nuclear protein levels of p50 and B cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effect of SPE is at least partly attributable to the induction of an endotoxin tolerance-like state in macrophages, which shares common characteristics of macrophage endotoxin tolerance.

Effect of thickness on the microstructure and soft magnetic properties of CoFeHfO thin films

Tho, L.V.,Lee, K.E.,Kim, C.G.,Kim, C.O. Elsevier 2008 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.8 No.6

The thickness effects on the microstructure and soft magnetic properties of CoFeHfO thin films have been investigated in the range of 100-600nm. There was a significant change in the coercivity (H<SUB>c</SUB>) and the anisotropy (H<SUB>k</SUB>) value with increasing film thickness, but the saturation induction and the resistivity almost remain unchanged. H<SUB>c</SUB> and H<SUB>k</SUB> reached a minimum value of 0.19Oe and a maximum value of 50Oe, respectively at 200nm film thickness. The high saturation magnetic induction is 21kG and resistivity is 500μΩcm. The origin of the changing H<SUB>c</SUB> and H<SUB>k</SUB> values is discussed in detail based on change of microstructure along with film thickness.