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Prevalence and Self-recognition of Chronic Constipation: Results of an Internet Survey
( Akio Tamura ),( Toshihiko Tomita ),( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Fumihiko Toyoshima ),( Takahisa Yamasaki ),( Takuya Okugawa ),( Takashi Kondo ),( Tomoaki Kono ),( Katsuyuki Tozawa ),( Hisatomo Ikehara ),( 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.4
Background/Aims Although chronic constipation is a common symptom, to date no international consensus has been reached regarding its definition. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate defecation habits and (2) to examine the prevalence of constipation using the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (JSIM) and the Rome III criteria using an online survey. Methods An online questionnaire composed of items on the frequency, interval, form of defecation, the management, and self-recognition of constipation (reference standard of constipation) was created. A total of 5155 valid responses were received. In addition, constipation symptoms were evaluated through a survey using the JSIM and the Rome III criteria. Results In the internet survey, 28.4% of the respondents considered themselves to be constipated. Stratified by sex, significantly more females (37.5%) than males (19.1%) considered themselves to be constipated (P < 0.001). The prevalence of constipation among the respondents was 28.0% using the Rome III, but only 10.1% using the JSIM. The diagnostic accuracy was 73.2% for the Rome III and 78.1% for the JSIM, while the diagnostic specificity was 81.1% for the Rome III and 97.5% for the JSIM. However, the diagnostic sensitivities for both measures were low, at 52.2% and 29.2% for the Rome III and the JSIM, respectively. Conclusions The online survey developed for this study was able to provide clarification regarding defecation patterns. The results also suggest a discrepancy between the self-recognized prevalence of constipation in Japan and prevalence of constipation based on the JSIM criteria.
Prevalence of Gastric Motility Disorders in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia
( Haruki Asano ),( Toshihiko Tomita ),( Kumiko Nakamura ),( Takahisa Yamasaki ),( Takuya Okugawa ),( Takashi Kondo ),( Tomoaki Kono ),( Katsuyuki Tozawa ),( Yoshio Ohda ),( Tadayuki Oshima ),( Hirokaz 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2017 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.23 No.3
Background/Aims Gastric motility abnormalities have been considered to be pathophysiological features of functional dyspepsia (FD) that are closely related to dyspepsia symptoms, especially postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). The aims of this study are to (1) investigate the prevalence of gastric motility disorders and (2) evaluate the association between gastric motility abnormalities and dyspeptic symptoms using gastric scintigraphy in the PDS type of FD. Methods Forty healthy subjects and 94 PDS type FD patients were enrolled in the study. The volunteers and patients ingested a radiolabeled (technetium-99m) solid test meal, and scintigraphic images were recorded. Gastric accommodation and emptying were assessed by scintigraphic imaging. The patients` dyspeptic symptoms were also explored using self-completed symptom questionnaires with 10 variables (4 scales, 0-3 points) at the same time. Results In 94 Japanese FD patients, the prevalence of impaired gastric accommodation and delayed emptying were 14.9% (14/94) and 10.6% (10/94), respectively. Gastric motility abnormalities were seen in 25.5% (24/94) of FD patients. There was no association between gastric motility abnormalities and dyspeptic symptoms. Conclusions Gastric motility abnormalities were seen in 25.5% of Japanese PDS type FD patients. However, there was no association between gastric motility abnormalities and dyspeptic symptoms on gastric scintigraphy. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:392-399)
Production of Chemistry Laboratory Class for Senior High School Freshmen
Yasuzawa, Mikito,Minagawa, Keiji,Kamitani, Sachiyo,Arai, Yuka,Konishi, Yuki,Nakanishi, Shinsuke,Oshima, Takuya,Yamaguchi, Junko,Ishii, Arisa Korean Society for Engineering Education 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5
Chemistry laboratory class was produced for senior high school freshmen with the cooperation of university staffs, high school teachers and the university students. Although the students who will take the lab class are senior high school freshmen, we decided to prepare four experiments that are simple and have highly visible reactions or transformation. That is, 1) Water purification, 2) Surface modification, 3) Briggs-Rauscher reaction, and 4) Polymer synthesis and characterization. After the safety guideline and experiment instructions by the faculty staffs, two teaching assistants (TAs) supervised each experiment. Since taking a direct part in it will provide stronger impact than only being one who is just watching the experiment, all experiments contained some process that the high school students must handle the reagents, tools or the equipment, by themselves. Although, the operation performed by the students was limited to a series of simple actions, the various unique phenomena presented by the experiments impressed the students. The lab class was fruitful not only for high school students, but also good for university students. The lab class provided good opportunity for them to improve the abilities to teach and guide someone.
A Senior High School Chemistry Laboratory Class Observed by University Students
Kamitani, Sachiyo,Arai, Yuka,Konishi, Yuki,Nakanishi, Shinsuke,Oshima, Takuya,Yamaguchi, Junko,Ishii, Arisa,Minagawa, Keiji,Yasuzawa, Mikito Korean Society for Engineering Education 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5
Upon request from the Tokushima Prefectural Senior High School of Science and Technology, two faculty staff members and eight students of The University of Tokushima visited the high school and set up a chemistry laboratory class for 59 students. Since the participating senior high school students were freshmen, four simple, safe and visual experiments were selected: 1) Water purification, 2) Surface modification, 3) Briggs-Rauscher reaction, and 4) Polymer synthesis and characterization. All experiments received a favorable reception as a follow-up questionnaire verified. Since the high school students enjoyed the experiments it is hoped that the results will strengthen the students' interest in chemistry. It was good opportunity for the observers; they recognized the difficulty of teaching students.
Production of Chemistry Laboratory Class for Senior High School Freshmen
Mikito Yasuzawa,Keiji Minagawa,Sachiyo Kamitani,Yuka Arai,Yuki Konishi,Shinsuke Nakanishi,Takuya Oshima,Junko Yamaguchi,Arisa Ishii 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5
Chemistry laboratory class was produced for senior high school freshmen with the cooperation of university staffs, high school teachers and the university students. Although the students who will take the lab class are senior high school freshmen, we decided to prepare four experiments that are simple and have highly visible reactions or transformation. That is, 1) Water purification, 2) Surface modification, 3) Briggs-Rauscher reaction, and 4) Polymer synthesis and characterization. After the safety guideline and experiment instructions by the faculty staffs, two teaching assistants (TAs) supervised each experiment. Since taking a direct part in it will provide stronger impact than only being one who is just watching the experiment, all experiments contained some process that the high school students must handle the reagents, tools or the equipment, by themselves. Although, the operation performed by the students was limited to a series of simple actions, the various unique phenomena presented by the experiments impressed the students. The lab class was fruitful not only for high school students, but also good for university students. The lab class provided good opportunity for them to improve the abilities to teach and guide someone.
Shaoqi Duan,Nobuko Imamura,Takashi Kondo,Hirosato Kanda,Yoko Kogure,Takuya Okugawa,Masashi Fukushima,Toshihiko Tomita,Tadayuki Oshima,Hirokazu Fukui,Koichi Noguchi,Yi Dai,Hiroto Miwa 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.2
Background/AimsHerbal medicine is an important complementary therapy for functional dyspepsia (FD). However, its effect against gastric hypersensitivity in patients with FD has rarely been evaluated. Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, is effective against neuropathic and inflammatory pain. This study aims to use a maternal separation (MS) stress-induced FD model to investigate the effects of YKS against gastric hypersensitivity, gastric motility, and duodenal micro-inflammation. MethodsThe MS stress model was established by separating newborn Sprague-Dawley rats from their mothers for 2 hours a day from postnatal days 1 to 10. At the age of 7-8 weeks, the rats were treated with YKS at a dose of 5 mL/kg (1 g/kg) for 7 consecutive days. After YKS treatment, electromyographic activity in the acromiotrapezius muscle by gastric distention and the gastric-emptying rate were assessed. Immunohistochemical analysis of eosinophils in the duodenum and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) 1/2 in the spinal cord was performed. ResultsYKS treatment suppressed MS stress-induced gastric hypersensitivity and decreased the elevated levels of p-ERK1/2 in the spinal cord. In the gastroduodenal tract, YKS inhibited eosinophil-associated micro-inflammation but did not improve gastric dysmotility. ConclusionsYKS treatment improved gastric hypersensitivity by alleviating eosinophil-associated micro-inflammation in the gastroduodenal tract. This treatment may be considered an effective therapeutic option for epigastric pain and micro-inflammation in patients with FD.
A Senior High School Chemistry Laboratory Class Observed by University Students
Sachiyo Kamitani,Yuka Arai,Yuki Konishi,Shinsuke Nakanishi,Takuya Oshima,Junko Yamaguchi,Arisa Ishii,Keiji Minagawa,Mikito Yasuzawa 한국공학교육학회 2010 공학교육연구 Vol.13 No.5
Upon request from the Tokushima Prefectural Senior High School of Science and Technology, two faculty staff members and eight students of The University of Tokushima visited the high school and set up a chemistry laboratory class for 59 students. Since the participating senior high school students were freshmen, four simple, safe and visual experiments were selected: 1) Water purification, 2) Surface modification, 3) Briggs-Rauscher reaction, and 4) Polymer synthesis and characterization. All experiments received a favorable reception as a follow-up questionnaire verified. Since the high school students enjoyed the experiments it is hoped that the results will strengthen the students’ interest in chemistry. It was good opportunity for the observers; they recognized the difficulty of teaching students.