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Sergey V. Mikhailenko,Yusuke Oguchi,Togo Shimozawa,Takashi Ohki,Adrian O. Olivares,Enrique M. De La Cruz,Shinichi Ishiwata 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.3
The interaction between actin and myosin V has been probed by measuring the unbinding force of individual actomyosin complexes using optical tweezers. Surprisingly, we found that in both the nucleotide-free and ADP-bound states single- and double-headed binding occurs with approximately the same probability. Estimation of the spring constant of individual actomyosin complexes confirmed that in each of the nucleotide states two distinct populations exist. These results confirm that optical nanometry can be used to reliably study the mechanism of how cytoskeleton molecular motors interact with their associated polymer lattices under solution conditions more closely resembling the intracellular environment.
Observation of the Dirac fluid and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law in graphene
Crossno, Jesse,Shi, Jing K.,Wang, Ke,Liu, Xiaomeng,Harzheim, Achim,Lucas, Andrew,Sachdev, Subir,Kim, Philip,Taniguchi, Takashi,Watanabe, Kenji,Ohki, Thomas A.,Fong, Kin Chung American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.351 No.6277
<P><B>Electrons that flow like a fluid</B></P><P>Electrons inside a conductor are often described as flowing in response to an electric field. This flow rarely resembles anything like the familiar flow of water through a pipe, but three groups describe counterexamples (see the Perspective by Zaanen). Moll <I>et al.</I> found that the viscosity of the electron fluid in thin wires of PdCoO<SUB>2</SUB> had a major effect on the flow, much like what happens in regular fluids. Bandurin <I>et al.</I> found evidence in graphene of electron whirlpools similar to those formed by viscous fluid flowing through a small opening. Finally, Crossno <I>et al.</I> observed a huge increase of thermal transport in graphene, a signature of so-called Dirac fluids.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 1061, 1055, 1058; see also p. 1026</P><P>Interactions between particles in quantum many-body systems can lead to collective behavior described by hydrodynamics. One such system is the electron-hole plasma in graphene near the charge-neutrality point, which can form a strongly coupled Dirac fluid. This charge-neutral plasma of quasi-relativistic fermions is expected to exhibit a substantial enhancement of the thermal conductivity, thanks to decoupling of charge and heat currents within hydrodynamics. Employing high-sensitivity Johnson noise thermometry, we report an order of magnitude increase in the thermal conductivity and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the thermally populated charge-neutral plasma in graphene. This result is a signature of the Dirac fluid and constitutes direct evidence of collective motion in a quantum electronic fluid.</P>