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Surface Anatomy of the Lip Elevator Muscles for the Treatment of Gummy Smile Using Botulinum Toxin
Hwang, Woo-Sang,Hur, Mi-Sun,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Song, Wu-Chul,Koh, Ki-Seok,Baik, Hyoung-Seon,Kim, Seong-Taek,Kim, Hee-Jin,Lee, Kee-Joon The Angle Orthodontist 2009 The Angle orthodontist Vol.79 No.1
<B>Abstract</B><P>Objective: To propose a safe and reproducible injection point for botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) as a supplementary method for the treatment of gummy smile, as determined by assessment of the morphologic characteristics of three lip elevator muscles.</P><P>Materials and Methods: A total of 50 hemi-faces from 25 adult cadavers (male 13, female 12; ages, 47 to 88 years) were used in this study. Topographic relations and the directions of the lip elevator muscles (ie, levator labii superioris [LLS], levator labii superioris alaeque nasi [LLSAN], and zygomaticus minor [ZMi]), were investigated. Possible injection points were examined through the study of predetermined surface landmarks.</P><P>Results: The insertion of the LLS was covered partially or entirely by the LLSAN and the ZMi, and the three muscles converged on the area lateral to the ala. The mean angle between the facial midline and each muscle vector was 25.8 ± 4.8 degrees for the LLS, 55.7 ± 6.4 degrees for the ZMi, and −20.2 ± 3.2 degrees for the LLSAN; no significant differences were noted between male and female subjects or between left and right sides. The three vectors passed near a triangular region formed by three surface landmarks. The center of this triangle, named the “Yonsei point”, was suggested as an appropriate injection point for BTX-A. The clinical effectiveness of the injection point was demonstrated in selected cases with or without orthodontic treatment.</P><P>Conclusions: Under careful case selection, BTX-A may be an effective treatment alternative for patients with excessive gingival display caused by hyperactive lip elevator muscles.</P>
Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR-&ggr; signal pathways
Hwang, Jin-Taek,Lee, Myoung-Su,Kim, Hyun-Jin,Sung, Mi-Jeong,Kim, Hye Young,Kim, Myung Sunny,Kwon, Dae Young John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Phytotherapy research Vol.23 No.2
<P>Ginsenosides, the active component of ginseng, exerts antidiabetic and anticancer effects. This study investigated the molecular basis of ginsenoside Rg3, a red ginseng rich constituent, focusing on its ability to inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. The data show that ginsenoside Rg3 was effective in the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. This inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on adipocyte differentiation was accompanied by PPAR-&ggr; inhibition in rosiglitazone-treated cells. The study also tested whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation was involved in the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3. AMPK plays a role in maintaining health in the context of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. AMPK was reported to control nutritional and hormonal signal modulating. Rg3 significantly and time-dependently activated AMPK. Taken together, these results suggest that the antiobesity effect of red ginseng rich constituent, ginsenoside Rg3, involves the AMPK signaling pathway and PPAR-&ggr; inhibition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Hwang, Yeon-Taek,Chung, Wan-Ho,Jang, Yong-Rae,Kim, Hak-Sung American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.13
<P>In this work, an intensive plasmonic flash light sintering technique was developed by using a band-pass light filter matching the plasmonic wavelength of the copper nanoparticles. The sintering characteristics, such as resistivity and microstructure, of the copper nanoink films were studied as a function of the range of the wavelength employed in the flash white light sintering. The flash white light irradiation conditions (e.g., wavelength range, irradiation energy, pulse number, on-time, and off-time) were optimized to obtain a high conductivity of the copper nanoink films without causing damage to the polyimide substrate. The wavelength range corresponding to the plasmonic wavelength of the copper nanoparticles could efficiently sinter the copper nanoink and enhance its conductivity. Ultimately, the sintered copper nanoink films under optimal light sintering conditions showed the lowest resistivity (6.97 mu Omega.cm), which was only 4.1 times higher than that of bulk copper films (1.68 mu Omega.cm)</P>
The Effect of Economic Sanction against North Korea on North Korea-China Trade
( Sung-taek Cho ),( Hyuk-hwang Kim ) 국제지역학회 2016 국제지역연구 Vol.20 No.3
This study attempts to scrutinize the effectiveness of the international economic sanction on North Korea by analyzing the determinants of the North Korea-China trade with Chinese Customs House data classified under general, border, processing, bonded warehouse. The result shows that after international economic sanctions, North Korea-China trade was increased across types of trade. In particular, sanction-sensitive items were increased after sanctions and China also weakened the effectiveness of sanctions. To put it concretely, North Korea’s food and fuel imports from china increased in processing and border trade. In the case of luxury good, it was increased in general trade. Strategy goods (weaponry) increased only in bonded warehouse trade. For China’s import from North Korea, food and fuel were increased in total, border and bonded warehouse trade. Considering the features of each type of trade, these increase are presumed to have been playing a decisive role in weakening the effect of international sanction on North Korea.
Inhibitory effect of (E)-1,2-di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethene on 3T3-L1 adiopocyte differentiation.
Hwang, Jin Taek,Kim, Sanghee,Choi, Sang Yoon Govi-Verlag Pharmazeutischer Verlag [etc.] ; Verla 2010 PHARMAZIE Vol.65 No.12
<P>Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin found in diverse plant species, including grapes and peanuts. The antioxidant, anticancer, and cardioprotective properties of resveratrol have been well-characterized. The anti-obesity effect of resveratrol has also been demonstrated in previous studies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a resveratrol analogue, (E)-1,2-di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethene, on adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cells. According to our results, the tested analogue potently inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte to a greater degree than resveratrol. Moreover, (E)-1,2-di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethene strongly downregulated the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related proteins such as fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. These results point to the potential of (E)-1,2-di(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethene as an obesity prevention agent.</P>
Titanium Oxide Layer with Micro and Nano Tubes on Titanium Substrate
Hwang, Jae Sun,Lee, Sang Bae,Oh, Keun Taek,Kim, Kyoung Nam,Kim, Kwang Mahn Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2006 Key Engineering Materials Vol.309 No.-
<P>The formation of titanium oxide layer with micro and nanotube arrays on titanium substrate was investigated by grit-blasting and anodic oxidation treatment. Micro rough surface can be formed by grit-blasting and nanotube arrays can be formed by anodic oxidation. The morphology of the hybrid surface(micro and nanotube arrays surface) can be affected by the mechanical conditions (grit size, grit material, blasting pressure, nozzle tip of blasting machine, distance nozzle tip and specimen, blasting time) and electrochemical conditions (applied potential, electrolyte concentration and anodizing time) used. Such micro pore and nanotube arrays of titanium oxide can be useful for well-adhered bioactive surface layer on Ti implant metals for orthopedic and dental implants, as well as for photo catalysts and other sensor applications.</P>