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( Tae Wan Kim ),( Hong Joo Kim ),( Chang Uk Chon ),( Hyun Sun Won ),( Jung Ho Park ),( Dong Il Park ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Chong Il Sohn ),( Woo Kyu Jeon ),( Byung Ik Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims: Nonselective β-blockers (NSBBs), such as propranolol, reportedly exert a pleiotropic eff ect in liver cirrhosis. A previous report suggested that survival was higher in patients receiving adjusted doses of NSBBs than in ligation patients. This study investigated whether low-dose NSBB medication has benefi cial eff ects in patients with liver cirrhosis, especially in terms of overall survival. Methods: We retrospectively studied 273 cirrhotic patients (199 males; age 53.6±10.2 years, mean±SD) who visited our institution between March 2003 and December 2007; follow-up data were collected until June 2011. Among them, 138 patients were given a low-dose NSBB (BB group: propranolol, 20-60 mg/day), and the remaining 135 patients were not given an NSBB (NBB group). Both groups were stratifi ed randomly according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classifi cation and age. Results: The causes of liver cirrhosis were alcohol (n=109, 39.9%), hepatitis B virus (n=125, 45.8%), hepatitis C virus (n=20, 7.3%), and cryptogenic (n=19, 7.0%). The CTP classes were distributed as follows: A, n=116, 42.5%; B, n=126, 46.2%; and C, n=31, 11.4%. Neither the overall survival ( P=0.133) nor the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-free survival ( P=0.910) diff ered signifi cantly between the BB and NBB groups [probability of overall survival at 4 years: 75.1% (95% CI=67.7-82.5%) and 81.2% (95% CI=74.4-88.0%), respectively; P=0.236]. In addition, the delta CTP score did not diff er signifi cantly between the two groups. Conclusions: Use of low-dose NSBB medication in patients with liver cirrhosis is not indicated in terms of overall and HCC-free survival. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2012;18:203-212)
( Tae Yeob Kim ),( Joo Hyun Sohn ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Yeon Seok Seo ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Young Seok Kim ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Dong Joon Kim ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background: Carvedilol, a potent non-cardioselective beta blocker with vasodilating properties due to alpha-1 blockade, is more effective in reducing portal pressure than propranolol in randomized controlled hemodynamic studies. Recently, longterm low dose of carvedilol may be suggested an option for primary prophylaxis in patients with high-risk esophageal varices. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term effect of carvediolol versus propranolol on reduction in portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis. Methods: We conducted this ongoing prospective randomized multicenter study (target sample size: 130 patients) between July 2011 and February 2013 and analyzed clinical and hemodynamic measurement data of 99 cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension (HVPG > 12 mmHg). During that period, these patients were randomized to either carvedilol (mean dose 11.6±2.2 mg/day in 50 patients) or propranolol group (mean dose 153.5±100.2 mg/day in 49 patients). After randomization, 8 patients and 11 patients were dropped out in carvedilol and propranolol group, respectively. The responders were defined to achieve a fall in HVPG to < 12 mmHg or a 20% reduction from baseline values 6weeks after treatment. Results: There were no significant differences between carvedilol and propranolol group in age, sex, etiology, Child-Turcott- Pugh score, MELD score, severity of HVPG, presence of ascites and baseline serum parameters. In per-protocol analysis, the rate of responder of patients with receiving carvedilol was 54.8% (23/42) as compared with 45.2% (16/38) of those with receiving propranolol (P=0.258). In intent-to-treat analysis, the rate of responder between carvedilol and propranolol group were 46.0% and 32.7%, respectively (P=0.174). The mean decrease of HVPG was 15.6±18.1% and 8.1±30.1%, respectively (P=0.188). Finally, there was no significant difference in adverse events between two groups. Conclusions: In this interim analysis, low dose of carvedilol showed similar effi cacy in reducing portal pressure compared to propranolol in cirrhotic patients with severe portal hypertension.
Won, So Youn,Kwon, Soo-Jin,Lee, Tae-Ho,Jung, Jae-A,Kim, Jung Sun,Kang, Sang-Ho,Sohn, Seong-Han Springer Netherlands 2017 Plant Molecular Biology Vol.95 No.4
<P><B>Key message</B></P><P>Comparative transcriptome analysis of wild and cultivated chrysanthemums provides valuable genomic resources and helps uncover common and divergent patterns of genome and gene evolution in these species.</P><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Plants are unique in that they employ polyploidy (or whole-genome duplication, WGD) as a key process for speciation and evolution. The <I>Chrysanthemum</I> genus is closely associated with hybridization and polyploidization, with <I>Chrysanthemum</I> species exhibiting diverse ploidy levels. The commercially important species, <I>C. morifolium</I> is an allohexaploid plant that is thought to have originated via the hybridization of several <I>Chrysanthemum</I> species, but the genomic and molecular evolutionary mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we sequenced and compared the transcriptomes of <I>C. morifolium</I> and the wild Korean diploid species, <I>C. boreale</I>. De novo transcriptome assembly revealed 11,318 genes in <I>C. morifolium</I> and 10,961 genes in <I>C. boreale</I>, whose functions were annotated by homology searches. An analysis of synonymous substitution rates (Ks) of paralogous and orthologous genes suggested that the two <I>Chrysanthemum</I> species commonly experienced the Asteraceae paleopolyploidization and recent genome duplication or triplication before the divergence of these species. Intriguingly, <I>C. boreale</I> probably underwent rapid diploidization, with a reduction in chromosome number, whereas <I>C. morifolium</I> maintained the original chromosome number. Analysis of the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions (Ka/Ks) between orthologous gene pairs indicated that 107 genes experienced positive selection, which may have been crucial for the adaptation, domestication, and speciation of <I>Chrysanthemum</I>.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11103-017-0663-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>
A Two Layered Approach for Animation Sketching
Sohn, Ei-Sung,Jeon, Jae-Woong,Park, Tae-Jin,Sohn, Won-Sung,Lim, Soon-Bum,Choy, Yoon-Chul Korea Multimedia Society 2009 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.12 No.12
In this paper, we present an animation sketching system using a two layered approach. Animation sketching is a popular technique to create informal animations but it is often suffered by the low-quality output due to a trade-off between convenience and complexity. Our aim is to support sketching practical animation scenes easily and fast while not complicating the simple sketching interface. The key idea is to combine two conceptual stop motion layers, a whiteboard and cutout animation layer, in a seamless interface. As a background, the whiteboard animation layer handles stroke-oriented objects, while the cutout animation layer takes charge of transform-oriented objects. We found that this approach enables users to express more complicated animation fast while still maintaining a concise sketching interface. We demonstrate the usability and flexibility through resulting animations from user experiments.