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Lim, Tae-Heon,Johnson, Iruthayasamy,Cha, Byeong-Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4
To characterize benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive Monilinia fructicola populations, the fungal isolates were obtained from peach plants showing brown rot and bloosom blight. Benzimidazole-sensitive isolates did not grow on potato dextrose agar(PDA) amended with $\geq1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient(a.i.)/ml of the fungicides. However, benzimidazole-resistant isolates grew on PDA regardless of the tested concentrations of fungicides. Benzimidazole-resistant isolates did not grow on diethofencarb-PDA, but sensitive isolates grew on the same PDA. In the nucleotide sequences of $\beta$-tubulin gene, only codon 198(GAG: glutamic acid), a target site for benzimidazole, was replaced with GCG(alanine) in all of the resistant isolates, and this substitution seems to play an important role in the development of resistance. Other interesting codons such as 165(GCT), 200(TTC), and 241(GCT) were not changed among the isolates. Benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive isolates were clustered clearly in random amplified polymerphic DNA analyses and the results revealed that low levels of genetic diversity between benzimidazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of M. fructicola in the investigated regions.
Lim, Tae-Heon,Kim, Jin-Ho,Cha, Byeong-Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.1
The population shifts of Monilinia fructicola isolates which were resistant to the fungicide benzimidazoles were investigated in four regions of Korea from 1998 to 2000. The isolation frequency of benzimidazole-resistant isolates ranged from 18.8% to 29.6% in Chongdo and from $22.0\%$ to $26.8\%$ in Gyeongsan during the same period. However, the frequency of benzimidazoleresistant isolates was less than $4.0\%$ in Chochiwon and Youngduk during the same period. Benzimidazoleresistant isolates showed cross-resistance among benzimidazoles. On the other hand, none of the isolates showed cross-resistance to diethofencarb and carbendazim. Regardless of the year, the benzimidazole-resistant isolates of $EC_{50}$ higher than 500 $\mug%$ a.i./ml were isolated more frequently in mid and late season than in early season. In an orchard of Gyeongsan that had not been exposed to any fungicides for several years, the population of benzimidazole-resistant isolate had persisted without much fluctuation for three years. These results suggest that benzimidazole resistance of M. fructicola is becoming a problem in controlling brown rot and blossom blight of peach in regions like Chongdo and Gyeongsan.
Antifungal Activity of Valinomycin, a Cyclodepsipeptidefrom Streptomyces padanus TH-04
Tae Heon Lim,Hyuncheol Oh,Soon Youl Kwon,Jin-Ho Kim,Hyo-Won Seo,Jeong-Hun Lee,민병선,김진철,Chi-Hwan Lim,차병진 한국생약학회 2007 Natural Product Sciences Vol.13 No.2
antifungal activity-guided fractionation, an actinomycete, Streptomyces padanus strain TH-04,which was isolated from mumified peaches infected with Monilinia fructicola, was found to produce thevalinomycin (1). The structure of 1 was established using spectroscopic data, which including one- and two-dimensional NMR experimental and mas spectroscopy. Valinomycin (1) showed antifungal activity againstPhytophthora capsici, with an IC50 value of 15.9g/mL.KeywordsStreptomyces padanus TH-04, valinomycin, sturctual determination, antifungal activity
Tae Heon Lim,Iruthayasamy Johnson,차병진 한국식물병리학회 2006 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.22 No.4
To characterize benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive Monilinia fructicola populations, the fungal isolates were obtained from peach plants showing brown rot and bloosom blight. Benzimidazole-sensitive isolates did not grow on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with ≥1.0 μg active ingredient (a.i.)/ml of the fungicides. However, benzimidazole-resistant isolates grew on PDA regardless of the tested concentrations of fungicides. Benzimidazole-resistant isolates did not grow on diethofencarb-PDA, but sensitive isolates grew on the same PDA. In the nucleotide sequences of β-tubulin gene, only codon 198 (GAG: glutamic acid), a target site for benzimidazole, was replaced with GCG (alanine) in all of the resistant isolates, and this substitution seems to play an important role in the development of resistance. Other interesting codons such as 165 (GCT), 200 (TTC), and 241 (GCT) were not changed among the isolates. Benzimidazole-resistant and -sensitive isolates were clustered clearly in random amplified polymerphic DNA analyses and the results revealed that low levels of genetic diversity between benzimidazole-sensitive and -resistant isolates of M. fructicola in the investigated regions.