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Recommended nuclear data for medical radioisotope production: diagnostic positron emitters
Tá,rká,nyi, F. T.,Ignatyuk, A. V.,Hermanne, A.,Capote, R.,Carlson, B. V.,Engle, J. W.,Kellett, M. A.,Kibé,di, T.,Kim, G. N.,Kondev, F. G.,Hussain, M.,Lebeda, O.,Luca, A.,Nagai, Y.,Na Springer-Verlag 2019 Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Vol.319 No.2
Periá,ñ,ez, R.,Bezhenar, R.,Brovchenko, I.,Duffa, C.,Iosjpe, M.,Jung, K.T.,Kobayashi, T.,Lamego, F.,Maderich, V.,Min, B.I.,Nies, H.,Osvath, I.,Outola, I.,Psaltaki, M.,Suh, K.S.,de With, G. Elsevier 2016 Science of the Total Environment Vol.569 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>State-of-the art dispersion models were applied to simulate <SUP>137</SUP>Cs dispersion from Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster fallout in the Baltic Sea and from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant releases in the Pacific Ocean after the 2011 tsunami. Models were of different nature, from box to full three-dimensional models, and included water/sediment interactions. Agreement between models was very good in the Baltic. In the case of Fukushima, results from models could be considered to be in acceptable agreement only after a model harmonization process consisting of using exactly the same forcing (water circulation and parameters) in all models. It was found that the dynamics of the considered system (magnitude and variability of currents) was essential in obtaining a good agreement between models. The difficulties in developing operative models for decision-making support in these dynamic environments were highlighted. Three stages which should be considered after an emergency, each of them requiring specific modelling approaches, have been defined. They are the emergency, the post-emergency and the long-term phases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Models applied to simulate <SUP>137</SUP>Cs marine dispersion after nuclear accidents. </LI> <LI> Not good agreement initially found in highly dynamic environments. </LI> <LI> Difficulties in developing models for decision making after emergencies highlighted. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
High-energy neutrino follow-up search of gravitational wave event GW150914 with ANTARES and IceCube
Adriá,n-Martí,nez, S.,Albert, A.,André,, M.,Anghinolfi, M.,Anton, G.,Ardid, M.,Aubert, J.-J.,Avgitas, T.,Baret, B.,Barrios-Martí,, J.,Basa, S.,Bertin, V.,Biagi, S.,Bormuth, R. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review D Vol.93 No.12
<P>We present the high-energy-neutrino follow-up observations of the first gravitational wave transient GW150914 observed by the Advanced LIGO detectors on September 14, 2015. We search for coincident neutrino candidates within the data recorded by the IceCube and ANTARES neutrino detectors. A possible joint detection could be used in targeted electromagnetic follow-up observations, given the significantly better angular resolution of neutrino events compared to gravitational waves. We find no neutrino candidates in both temporal and spatial coincidence with the gravitational wave event. Within +/- 500 s of the gravitational wave event, the number of neutrino candidates detected by IceCube and ANTARES were three and zero, respectively. This is consistent with the expected atmospheric background, and none of the neutrino candidates were directionally coincident with GW150914. We use this nondetection to constrain neutrino emission from the gravitational-wave event.</P>
Observing the onset of outflow collimation in a massive protostar
Carrasco-Gonzá,lez, C.,Torrelles, J. M.,Cantó,, J.,Curiel, S.,Surcis, G.,Vlemmings, W. H. T.,van Langevelde, H. J.,Goddi, C.,Anglada, G.,Kim, S.-W.,Kim, J.-S.,Gó,mez, J. F. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2015 Science Vol.348 No.6230
<P><B>Young stars grow up and narrow their focus</B></P><P>Stars are thought to grow by gathering spirals of material from a disk. If this is the case, to balance angular momentum, gas should flow out rapidly along the disk's rotation axis. Carrasco-Gonzalez <I>et al.</I> now seem to have glimpsed the “before” and “after” stages of the onset of such an outflow, over the course of just 18 years (see the Perspective by Hoare). Radio monitoring of the massive protostar W75N(B)-VLA2 reveals a transition from a spherical wind to a collimated one, giving critical insight into what happens as a massive star forms.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 114; see also p. 44</P><P>The current paradigm of star formation through accretion disks, and magnetohydrodynamically driven gas ejections, predicts the development of collimated outflows, rather than expansion without any preferential direction. We present radio continuum observations of the massive protostar W75N(B)-VLA 2, showing that it is a thermal, collimated ionized wind and that it has evolved in 18 years from a compact source into an elongated one. This is consistent with the evolution of the associated expanding water-vapor maser shell, which changed from a nearly circular morphology, tracing an almost isotropic outflow, to an elliptical one outlining collimated motions. We model this behavior in terms of an episodic, short-lived, originally isotropic ionized wind whose morphology evolves as it moves within a toroidal density stratification.</P>
Periá,ñ,ez, R.,Bezhenar, R.,Brovchenko, I.,Jung, K.T.,Kamidara, Y.,Kim, K.O.,Kobayashi, T.,Liptak, L.,Maderich, V.,Min, B.I.,Suh, K.S. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers 2019 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY Vol.198 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A number of marine radionuclide dispersion models (both Eulerian and Lagrangian) were applied to simulate <SUP>137</SUP>Cs releases from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in 2011 over the Pacific at oceanic scale. Simulations extended over two years and both direct releases into the ocean and deposition of atmospheric releases on the ocean surface were considered. Dispersion models included an embedded biological uptake model (BUM). Three types of BUMs were used: equilibrium, dynamic and allometric. Model results were compared with <SUP>137</SUP>Cs measurements in water (surface, intermediate and deep layers), sediment and biota (zooplankton, non-piscivorous and piscivorous fish). A reasonable agreement in model/model and model/data comparisons was obtained.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Marine dispersion models applied to Fukushima releases in the Pacific Ocean. </LI> <LI> Biological uptake model included within physical dispersion models. </LI> <LI> Model results compared with measurements in water, sediments and biota. </LI> <LI> Generally good agreement in model/model and model/data comparisons. </LI> </UL> </P>
The marine <i>kd</i> and water/sediment interaction problem
Periá,ñ,ez, R.,Brovchenko, I.,Jung, K.T.,Kim, K.O.,Maderich, V. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY Vol.192 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The behavior of marine distribution coefficients is analyzed with the help of numerical experiments and analytical solutions of equations describing kinetic models for uptake/release of radionuclides. The difficulties in measuring true k<SUB>d</SUB> in a marine environment perturbed by an external radionuclide source are highlighted. Differences between suspended matter and bed sediment k<SUB>d</SUB> are analyzed. The performances of different kinetic models (1-step/2step; single-layer/multi-layer) are studied in model/model and model/experiment comparisons. Implications for the use of models to assess radioactive contamination after an emergency are given; as well as recommendations when k<SUB>d</SUB> data are compiled in order to create a useful database.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Equilibrium in radionuclide partition between water and sediment seldom found in the sea. </LI> <LI> Differences between suspended matter and bed sediment kd highlighted. </LI> <LI> One step and two step kinetic models performances compared. </LI> <LI> Single layer and multi-layer models compared. </LI> <LI> Formulation to deal with changes in salinity and pH provided. </LI> </UL> </P>
Aaltonen, T.,Á,lvarez Gonzá,lez, B.,Amerio, S.,Amidei, D.,Anastassov, A.,Annovi, A.,Antos, J.,Apollinari, G.,Appel, J. A.,Apresyan, A.,Arisawa, T.,Artikov, A.,Asaadi, J.,Ashmanskas, W.,Aue American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.105 No.25
<P>A precision measurement of the top quark mass m_{t} is obtained using a sample of tt[over ¯] events from pp[over ¯] collisions at the Fermilab Tevatron with the CDF II detector. Selected events require an electron or muon, large missing transverse energy, and exactly four high-energy jets, at least one of which is tagged as coming from a b quark. A likelihood is calculated using a matrix element method with quasi-Monte Carlo integration taking into account finite detector resolution and jet mass effects. The event likelihood is a function of m_{t} and a parameter ?_{JES} used to calibrate the jet energy scale in situ. Using a total of 1087 events in 5.6??fb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, a value of m_{t}=173.0±1.2??GeV/c^{2} is measured.</P>
Neutral pion and η meson production at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV
Acharya, S.,Acosta, F. T.-.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S. N.,Albuqu American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. C Vol.98 No.4
<P>Neutral pion and eta meson production in the transverse momentum range 1 < p(T) < 20 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in central and semicentral Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV. These results were obtained using the photon conversion method as well as the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS) and Electromagnetic Calorimeter detectors. The results extend the upper p(T) reach of the previous ALICE pi(0) measurements from 12 to 20 GeV/c and present the first measurement of eta meson production in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The eta/pi(0) ratio is similar for the two centralities and reaches at high p(T) a plateau value of 0.457 +/- 0.013(stat) +/- 0.018(syst) A suppression of similar magnitude for pi(0) and eta meson production is observed in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to their production in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. We discuss the results in terms of Next to Leading Order (NLO) pQCD predictions and hydrodynamic models. The measurements show a stronger suppression than observed at lower center-of-mass energies in the p T range 6 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c. For p(T) < 3 GeV/c, hadronization models describe the pi(0) results while for the eta some tension is observed.</P>