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Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim,Mohd Fazeli Sazali,Ahmad Hazim Mohammad,Fairrul Kadir,Alvin Oliver Payus,Richard Avoi,Mohammad Saffree Jeffree,Azizan Omar,Mohd Yusof Ibrahim,Azman Atil,Nooralisa Moh 대한결핵및호흡기학회 2023 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.86 No.2
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health concern. Globally, TB is among the top 10 and the leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent. Providing standard anti-TB therapy for at least 6 months is recommended as one of the crucial strategies to control the TB epidemic. However, the long duration of TB treatment raised the issue of non-adherence. Non-adherence to TB therapy could negatively affect clinical and public health outcomes. Thus, directly observed therapy (DOT) has been introduced as a standard strategy to improve anti-TB medication adherence. Nonetheless, the DOT approach has been criticized due to inconvenience, stigma, reduced economic productivity, and reduced quality of life, which ultimately could complicate adherence issues. Apart from that, its effectiveness in improving anti-TB adherence is debatable. Therefore, digital technology could be an essential tool to enhance the implementation of DOT. Incorporating the health belief model (HBM) into digital technology can further increase its effectiveness in changing behavior and improving medication adherence. This article aimed to review the latest evidence regarding TB medication non-adherence, its associated factors, DOT’s efficacy and its alternatives, and the use of digital technology and HBM in improving medication adherence. This paper used the narrative review methodology to analyze related articles to address the study objectives. Conventional DOT has several disadvantages in TB management. Integrating HBM in digital technology development is potentially effective in improving medication adherence. Digital technology provides an opportunity to improve medication adherence to overcome various issues related to DOT implementation.
Syed Shatir Asghrar Syed-Hassan,Mohd Saufi Md Zaini 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.8
The preparation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell for methane adsorption was studied. Taguchi orthogonal array design was employed to optimize the preparation of activated carbon. The statistical results show that the optimized conditions are the impregnation ratio of 0.55, the activation temperature of 900 oC and the activation time of 150min. The impregnation ratio has the most influence on methane adsorption based on S/N ratio analysis. The mathematical model was developed using regression analysis as a function of independent variables. The results of experiment using optimum conditions fall within the predicted value obtained from the developed model. Activated carbon prepared at optimum conditions which have the highest BET surface area of 1,548.0m2/g and the total pore volume of 1.0 cm3/g recorded the highest methane uptake compared to other conditions. The equilibrium data of the adsorption characteristic fitted favourably to the Freundlich isotherm.
Rahman Syed Ahmad Fadhli Syed Abdul,Maulud Khairul Nizam Abdul,Pradhan Biswajeet,Mustorpha Sharifah Nurul Ain Syed 한국CDE학회 2021 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.8 No.6
Navigation, also known as discovering one’s direction, is a complex human activity. To produce effective routes, it relies on knowledge of the surroundings’ precise geometry and semantic information. Complex geometrical data can be precisely delineated with the improvement of 3D geometric models. A precise 3D geometric model containing a specifically built-in Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment can be integrated into the Geographical Information System platform for indoor path generation to satisfy the requirements of indoor location-based services. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach to evaluate a 3D indoor topology network called a lattice topology data model (LTDM) for the floor-level paths in a 3D multipatch-based model. The LTDM requires the geometric information of the integrated BIM model to identify the indoor space and bounding lines for indoor network generation. The novelty of this study is in the application of the replacement of cell values into vector length for pathfinding through a combination of the Poincaré duality theorem and Dijkstra’s algorithm. The Campus Infrastructure Building model was chosen to validate the proposed method. Multiple space centroid pairs within the floor level were randomly selected to identify the shortest path using the LTDM principle. Paths drawn from the Medial Axis Transformation were compared with LTDM-generated paths for availability testing. The average floor-level path availability was 112% due to the generation of extra paths reflecting real-life situations. The LTDM paths were compared with on-site measurements for accuracy tests, and the average error rate was 3.18%. The results show that the implementation of the LTDM generates an excellent topology data network.
MicroRNA and Their Potential Role in Conjunctival Disorders
Nazmul Huda Syed(Nazmul Huda Syed ),Embong Zunaina(Embong Zunaina ),Shahidan Wan-Nazatul Shima(Shahidan Wan-Nazatul Shima ),Malvika Sharma(Malvika Sharma ),Ismail Shatriah(Ismail Shatriah ) 대한안과학회 2022 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.36 No.5
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the small noncoding RNA molecules which regulate target gene expression posttranscriptionally. They are known to regulate key cellular processes like inflammation, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis across various ocular diseases. Due to their easier access, recent focus has been laid on the investigation of miRNA expression and their involvement in several conjunctival diseases. The aim of this narrative review is to provide understanding of the miRNAs and describe the current role of miRNAs as the mediators of the various conjunctival diseases. A literature search was made using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies involving miRNAs in the conjunctival pathological conditions. Original articles in the last 10 years involving both human and animal models were included. Literature search retrieved 27 studies matching our criteria. Pertaining to the numerous literatures, there is a strong correlation between miRNA and the various pathological conditions that occur in the conjunctiva. miRNAs are involved in various physiological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, development, and inflammation by regulating various signaling pathways, genes, proteins, and mediators. Pterygium was the most studied conjunctival disease for miRNA involvement, whereas miRNA research in allergic conjunctivitis is still in its early stages. Our review provides deep insights into the various miRNAs playing an important role in the various conjunctival diseases. miRNAs do have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. However, multitudinous studies are required to validate miRNAs as the reliable biomarkers in conjunctival pathologies and its targeted therapy.
A Full Rate Dual Relay Cooperative Approach for Wireless Systems
Syed Ali Hassan,Geoffrey Ye Li,Peter Shu Shaw Wang,Marilynn Wylie Green 한국통신학회 2010 Journal of communications and networks Vol.12 No.5
Cooperative relaying methods have attracted a lot of interest in the past few years. A conventional cooperative relaying scheme has a source, a destination, and a single relay. This cooperative scheme can support one symbol transmission per time slot,and is called full rate transmission. However, existing full rate cooperative relay approaches provide asymmetrical gain for different transmitted symbols. In this paper, we propose a cooperative relaying scheme that is assisted with dual relays and provides full transmission rate with the same macro-diversity to each symbol.We also address equalization for the dual relay transmission system in addition to addressing the issues concerning the improvement of system performance in terms of optimal power allocations.
Syed Amir Mahmud,Mike W. Hall,Khalid A. Almalki 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.5
Mineralogical studies were conducted on sandstones of Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician Owen Group, southern West Coast Range, Tasmania, Australia. Several samples were analysed using conventional thin section and point counting techniques, while others were further analysed under a Scanning Electron Microscope with back scattering and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy capabilities. The result of petrographic analyses includes provenance, possible sources and controls over coloration in sandstone samples. The sandstones are mainly comprised of quartz, mica, lithic grains (volcanic, metamorphic and sedimentary), clays, zircon, tourmaline, leucoxene, rutile, and chert grains. These were derived from a Proterozoic Tyennan metamorphic and a Middle Cambrian Mount Read Volcanic provenance. Following deposition, sediments underwent severe diagenesis including quartz overgrowth, iron coatings, haematite, chlorite and sericite alterations, linings and cements. Multi-phase haematite-related diagenesis is present and late stage hydrothermal fluid alterations assemblages have severely altered and colored the sediments.
( Syed Habib ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-
Objective: This project aimed to determine the relationship between Asthma Control Test (ACT) score using the Arabic version, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and Lung functions and to derive the cut-off points for the ACT score with the American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommended FENO standard levels of inflammation control.. Methodology: We recruited 59 adult asthmatics out of which 53 subjects completed the study from July 2011 to June 2012 at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. FENO levels were measured by NIOX MINO (Aerocrine Solna, Sweden) and ventilatory functions were recorded by standard techniques. Results: FENO values were significantly higher in patients with an ACT score <20 (65.5 ± 35.4) compared to those patients with an ACT score ≥ 20 (27.4 ±10.5, p<0.001). Among the well-controlled group based on the ACT score criteria, 6 (25%) cases had high FENO levels, while among the poorly-controlled group, 23 (79.3%) cases had high FENO levels (Odds ratio 11.5: p<0.0001: Confidence Interval 3.16-41.72).. There was a significant negative correlation between FENO and ACT score (r=-0.581, p<0.0001). At international cutoff point of 20 sensitivity and specificity was 95.2 & 68.8 respectively. ROC showed that maximum sensitivity & specificity was observed at ACT score cut off point of 19 (90.5 and 81.2) respectively. Conclusions: FENO levels correlate negatively with ACT scores, however the relationship between FENO and lung function was not significant. A significant strong relationship between ACT score and FENO levels indicate that there is ongoing inflammatory state in patients with poor asthma control.