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Ko, Myong Suk,Lee, Seung Jin,Kim, Jin Wan,Lim, Jee Woong,Kim, Sang Geon American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2006 Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fa Vol.34 No.8
<P>Comprehensive mechanistic studies suggest that oltipraz exerts cancer chemopreventive effects through the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST). Previously, we have shown that the activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta), promoted by oltipraz, contributes to the transcriptional induction of the GSTA2 gene. Studies also indicated that exposure of animals to oltipraz triggers nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) with an increase in Nrf2's antioxidant response element (ARE) binding activity. Given the previous reports that C/EBPbeta activation contributes to oltipraz's induction of the GSTA2 gene and that Nrf2 activation by oltipraz was variable depending on the concentrations, this study investigated whether the major oxidized metabolites of oltipraz induce GSTA2 through the activation of C/EBPbeta and/or Nrf2. Immunoblot analysis revealed that M1 [4-methyl-5-(pyrazin-2-yl)-3H-1,2-dithiol-3-one] and M2 (7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylthio)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine), but not M3 (7-methyl-8-(methylsulfinyl)-6-(methylthio)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine) and M4 (7-methyl-6,8-bis(methylsulfinyl)H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine), induced GSTA2 in H4IIE cells. M1 and M2 also increased the luciferase activity from pGL-1651, which contained the luciferase structural gene downstream of the -1.65-kilobase GSTA2 promoter region. Nuclear C/EBPbeta levels were enhanced by the metabolites but not by M3 or M4. Among the oxidized metabolites examined, only M2, which elicited cell death at a relatively high concentration, activated Nrf2, as indicated by nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and its ARE binding activity. The present study provides evidence that M1 and M2, but not M3 and M4, induce GSTA2 and that M1 induces GSTA2 only via C/EBPbeta activation, whereas M2 does so by activating Nrf2 as well as C/EBPbeta. These results substantiate the differential effects of oltipraz's metabolites on C/EBPbeta- and/or Nrf2-mediated GSTA2 induction.</P>
Measurement and Effective Deburring for the Micro Burrs in Piercing Operation
Ko, Sung-Lim Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2000 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.1 No.1
In piercing operation for small hole in very thin plate, micro burrs are formed. The micro burr is very difficult to remove because the thin plate is to be deformed during deburring and deteriorate accuracy. As a first step to remove the micro burrs effectively, the burr must be measured accurately as much as possible. For most micro burrs are so small as less than 10$\mu\textrm{m}$, it is very difficult to measure. Several methods are reviewed to measure the micro burr formed in piercing operation from very thin plate with thickness less than 0.1mm. Also the effective deburring methods are reviewed. Barreling ultrasonic and chemical deburring methods are performed and the results are compared.
Enhanced Production of Phenolic Compounds from Pumpkin Leaves by Subcritical Water Hydrolysis
Ko, Jeong-Yeon,Ko, Mi-Ok,Kim, Dong-Shin,Lim, Sang-Bin The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.2
Enhanced production of individual phenolic compounds by subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) of pumpkin leaves was investigated at various temperatures ranging from 100 to $220^{\circ}C$ at 20 min and at various reaction times ranging from 10 to 50 min at $160^{\circ}C$. Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and gentisic acid were the major phenolic compounds in the hydrolysate of pumpkin leaves. All phenolic compounds except gentisic acid showed the highest yield at $160^{\circ}C$, but gentisic acid showed the highest yield at $180^{\circ}C$. The cumulative amount of individual phenolic compounds gradually increased by 48.1, 52.2, and $78.4{\mu}g/g$ dry matter at $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$, and $140^{\circ}C$, respectively, and then greatly increased by $1,477.1{\mu}g/g$ dry matter at $160^{\circ}C$. The yields of caffeic acid and ferulic acid showed peaks at 20 min, while those of cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and procatechuic acid showed peaks at 30 min. Antioxidant activities such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power values gradually increased with hydrolysis temperature and ranged from 6.77 to 12.42 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g dry matter and from 4.25 to 8.92 mmol $Fe^{2+}$/100 g dry matter, respectively. Color $L^*$ and $b^*$ values gradually decreased as hydrolysis temperature increased from $100^{\circ}C$ to $140^{\circ}C$. At high temperatures ($160^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$), L* and b* values decreased suddenly. The $a^*$ value peaked at $160^{\circ}C$ and then decreased as temperature increased from $160^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that SWH of pumpkin leaves was strongly influenced by hydrolysis temperature and may enhanced the production of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities.
Ko, Youngpyo,Oh, Jinwoo,Park, Kyung Tae,Kim, Soojin,Huh, Wansoo,Sung, Bong June,Lim, Jung Ah,Lee, Sang-Soo,Kim, Heesuk American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.40
<P>As practical interest in stretchable electronics increases for future applications in wearables, healthcare, and robotics, the demand for electrical interconnects with high electrical conductivity, durability, printability, and adhesion is growing. Despite the high electrical conductivity and stretchability of most previous interconnects, they lack stable conductivity against strain and adhesion to stretchable substrates, leading to a limitation for their practical applications. Herein, we propose a stretchable conductive adhesive consisting of silver particles with carbon nanotube as an auxiliary filler in silicone adhesives. The conductive adhesive exhibits a high initial conductivity of 6450 S cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. They show little change in conductivity over 3000 stretching cycles at 50% strain, currently the highest stability reported for elastic conductors. Based on strong adhesion to stretchable substrates, the gel-free, dry adhesives printed on an elastic bandage for electrocardiography monitoring exhibit an extremely stable performance upon movement of the subject, even after several cycles of detachment-reattachment and machine washing.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
( Sung-min Lim ),( Jin Hee Kim ),( Yeseul Kim ),( Seung Sam Paik ),( Jeong Eun Kim ),( Joo Yeon Ko ),( Jinsup Kim ),( Hyun-kyung Park ),( Chang-ryul Kim ),( Hyun Ju Lee ) 대한주산의학회 2020 Perinatology Vol.31 No.1
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited skin diseases characterized by intraepidermal blistering upon mild trauma. They are classified into three major types based on the severity and distribution of blisters, age of onset, and histological findings. These three major types are caused by KRT5 and KRT14 gene mutations. EBS Dowling-Meara (DM) is one of the most severe subtypes which mostly affects neonates. Electron microscopy is a primary diagnostic tool for EBS; however, mutation analysis has recently become more important for its diagnosis, prognosis, genetic counselling, and prenatal diagnosis. Several studies have reported that almost all mutations in EBS-DM patients are found in the highly conserved rod domains of the KRT5 and KRT14 genes and have also demonstrated a genotype-phenotype correlation. Here, we report an EBS-DM case diagnosed by mutation analysis in a newborn and a missense mutation not identified in humans previously.
Lim, Yun-Bin,Kim, Hyun-Wook,Hwang, Ko-Eun,Song, Dong-Heon,Kim, Yong-Jae,Ham, Youn-Kyung,Jang, Sung-Jin,Lee, Choong-Hee,He, Fu-Yi,Choi, Yun-Sang,Kim, Cheon-Jei Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2015 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.35 No.6
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of adding glasswort hydrate containing non-meat ingredient (GM, carboxy methyl cellulose; GC, carrageenan; GI, isolated soy protein; GS, sodium caseinate) on the quality characteristics of reduced-salt, reduced-fat frankfurters. The pH and color evaluation showed significant differences, depending on the type of glasswort hydrate added (p<0.05). In the raw batters and cooked frankfurters, the addition of glasswort hydrate decreased the redness and increased the yellowness in comparison with frankfurters without glasswort hydrate. The reduction in salt and fat content significantly increased cooking loss and decreased hardness, tenderness and juiciness (p<0.05). Glasswort hydrate containing non-meat ingredient improved cooking loss, water holding capacity, emulsion stability, hardness, and viscosity of reduced-salt, reduced-fat frankfurters. The GM treatment had the highest myofibiliar protein solubility among all treatments, which was associated with emulsion stability and viscosity. The GC treatment had higher values for all texture parameters than the control. In the sensory evaluation, the addition of glasswort hydrate with non-meat ingredient improved tenderness and juiciness of reduced-salt, reduced-fat frankfurters. GM, GC, and GI treatments improved not only the physicochemical properties but also the sensory characteristics of reduced-salt, reduced-fat frankfurters. The results indicated that the use of glasswort hydrate containing non-meat ingredient was improved the quality characteristics of reduced-salt, reduced-fat frankfurters.
Ko Sanghwan,Park Sora,Sohn Myung Ho,조미경,Ko Byoung Joon,Na Jung-Hyun,Yoo Hojin,Jeong Ae Lee,Ha Kyungsoo,Woo Ju Rang,Lim Chungsu,Shin Jung Hyu,Lee Dohyun,Choi So-Young,Jung Sang Taek 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-
The pH-selective interaction between the immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) and the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is critical for prolonging the circulating half-lives of IgG molecules through intracellular trafficking and recycling. By using directed evolution, we successfully identified Fc mutations that improve the pH-dependent binding of human FcRn and prolong the serum persistence of a model IgG antibody and an Fc-fusion protein. Strikingly, trastuzumab-PFc29 and aflibercept-PFc29, a model therapeutic IgG antibody and an Fc-fusion protein, respectively, when combined with our engineered Fc (Q311R/M428L), both exhibited significantly higher serum half-lives in human FcRn transgenic mice than their counterparts with wild-type Fc. Moreover, in a cynomolgus monkey model, trastuzumab-PFc29 displayed a superior pharmacokinetic profile to that of both trastuzumab-YTE and trastuzumab-LS, which contain the well-validated serum half-life extension Fcs YTE (M252Y/S254T/T256E) and LS (M428L/N434S), respectively. Furthermore, the introduction of two identified mutations of PFc29 (Q311R/M428L) into the model antibodies enhanced both complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity, which are triggered by the association between IgG Fc and Fc binding ligands and are critical for clearing cancer cells. In addition, the effector functions could be turned off by combining the two mutations of PFc29 with effector function-silencing mutations, but the antibodies maintained their excellent pH-dependent human FcRn binding profile. We expect our Fc variants to be an excellent tool for enhancing the pharmacokinetic profiles and potencies of various therapeutic antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins.