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청소년들의 이종격투기에 대한 미디어 시청동기가 시청태도와 행동에 미치는 영향
공성배(Seong Bae Kong),성낙훈(Nak Hun Seong),배상일(Sang Il Bae),방환복(Whan Bog Bang),이원희(Won Hi Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.31
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teenagers` viewing motivation of the mixed martial arts program on viewing attitude and viewing behavior. For this study, teenagers who have seen the mixed martial arts program in Sung-nam and Young-in City were selected as the population. Then, 336 teenagers chosen by systematic stratified cluster random sampling were analyzed. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Multiple Regression were conducted by SPSS Window 12.0. The results were as follows:First, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the gender. Second, there were no statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the school years. Third, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing time. Fourth, there were statistically significant differences in viewing attitude and viewing behavior according to the viewing period. Fifth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing attitude and explains 69.2%(R2=.268) of the variance. Vicarious satisfaction, entertainment pursuit motivation, time consuming motivation, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing attitude in the order. Sixth, it was found that viewing motivation significantly influences viewing behavior and explains 69.3%(R2=.268) of the variance. Time consuming motivation, entertainment pursuit motivation, vicarious satisfaction, and social exchange motivation which are subordinate constructs of viewing motivation have significantly a positive effect on viewing behavior in the order. However, information pursuit motivation have significantly a negative effect on viewing behavior.
Reanalysis of ERP Studies on EFL Learners' Language Recursion-based Sentence Parsing
Sang-Hee Bae,Sung-Hun Kim,Kee-Seok Cho 한국생성문법학회 2015 생성문법연구 Vol.25 No.3
This paper will investigate the possibility that EFL learners can learn the sentence parsing algorithms. This approach stems from Kim et al.'s (2013, 2014) ERP studies which show some changes of EFL learners' parsing results by educating them English parsing strategies. Referring to these studies, this paper will assume that learning parsing algorithms can lead the results of learning to be changed into getting closer to the level of English L1 speakers. To justify this assumption, this paper will identify the relevant evidence that the essence of the sentence parsing can be learned while we reanalyze EFL leaners' syntactic responses from the previous ERP studies. Furthermore, this paper will also present the theoretical foundation to assume the possibility of learning parsing algorithms resulted from the language recursion: a property of human languages (Hauser et al. 2002, Jackendoff and Pinker 2005, Pinker and Jackendoff 2005). Through this investigation, this paper will claim that, though parsing algorithms vary according to the particular grammars, not only might parsing operations be correlated to the recursion of language, but also parsing algorithms can be learned by EFL learners due to the language property common to human-beings.
Snake fang–inspired stamping patch for transdermal delivery of liquid formulations
Bae, Won-Gyu,Ko, Hangil,So, Jin-Young,Yi, Hoon,Lee, Chan-Ho,Lee, Dong-Hun,Ahn, Yujin,Lee, Sang-Hyeon,Lee, Kyunghun,Jun, Joonha,Kim, Hyoung-Ho,Jeon, Noo Li,Jung, Woonggyu,Song, Chang-Seon,Kim, Taesung American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2019 Science Translational Medicine Vol.11 No.503
<P>A flexible microneedle patch that can transdermally deliver liquid-phase therapeutics would enable direct use of existing, approved drugs and vaccines, which are mostly in liquid form, without the need for additional drug solidification, efficacy verification, and subsequent approval. Specialized dissolving or coated microneedle patches that deliver reformulated, solidified therapeutics have made considerable advances; however, microneedles that can deliver liquid drugs and vaccines still remain elusive because of technical limitations. Here, we present a snake fang–inspired microneedle patch that can administer existing liquid formulations to patients in an ultrafast manner (<15 s). Rear-fanged snakes have an intriguing molar with a groove on the surface, which enables rapid and efficient infusion of venom or saliva into prey. Liquid delivery is based on surface tension and capillary action. The microneedle patch uses multiple open groove architectures that emulate the grooved fangs of rear-fanged snakes: Similar to snake fangs, the microneedles can rapidly and efficiently deliver diverse liquid-phase drugs and vaccines in seconds under capillary action with only gentle thumb pressure, without requiring a complex pumping system. Hydrodynamic simulations show that the snake fang–inspired open groove architectures enable rapid capillary force–driven delivery of liquid formulations with varied surface tensions and viscosities. We demonstrate that administration of ovalbumin and influenza virus with the snake fang–inspired microneedle patch induces robust antibody production and protective immune response in guinea pigs and mice.</P>
Factors for Parsing Relative Clauses by EFL Korean Adult Speakers
Sang-Hee Bae,Sung-Hun Kim,Kee-Seok Cho 한국영미어문학회 2014 영미어문학 Vol.- No.113
This study explores how EFL Korean adult speakers parse syntactic structures such as the relative clause attachment following a complex of Determiner Phrases (DPs). Previous studies (Ha, 2005; Han, 2012; Kim, 2010) have displayed that EFL Korean speakers prefer high attachment (HA) in parsing relative clauses (RCs) which are explained through the Tuning Hypothesis (Mitchell & Cuetos, 1991; Cuetos, Mitchell & Corley, 1996; Brysbaert & Mitchell, 1996; Mitchell, Brysbaert, Grondelaers & Swanepoel, 2000). This study conducted an experiment in which 130 EFL Korean adult speakers were examined with three types of judgement tasks. The results of the study convincingly demonstrated that, although EFL Korean adult speakers showed preferences and that the Tuning Hypothesis works, the results are different from the previous studies (Ha, 2005; Han, 2012; Kim, 2010). The participants differently parsed the target structure in the tuning direction. These results are attributed to gender and English proficiency rather than L1 transfer as found in the previous studies. In other words, it showed that the tendency of RC attachment by EFL Korean adult speakers has relevance to English proficiency and the gender of the participants. In addition, the result of parsing RC attachment can not always be that EFL Korean adult speakers prefer HA to LA and can be justified by the perspective of the tuning directionality.
Korean EFL Learners Sensitivity to Scrambling Effect in Using English Wh-arguments and Wh-adjuncts
Sang-Hee Bae,Sung-Hun Kim,Kee-Seok Cho 한국생성문법학회 2017 생성문법연구 Vol.27 No.1
This study will try to investigate how much Korean EFL learners recognize English wh-arguments and wh-adjuncts and how they use the two types of wh-words. To account for the two questions, this study will adopt the notions of scope bearing elements and scrambling effects. Although both wh-phrases play roles as interrogatives, it is considered that wh-adjuncts are distinct from the English wh-arguments with regard to the level of movement and the way for operation. To verify the discrepancy between both, this study will explore the use of English wh-arguments and wh-adjuncts by the Korean EFL learners through two types of grammaticality judgement tests. On the bases of the results, this study will show the followings; Korean EFL learners are insensitive to the scope bearing elements when they use wh-arguments and wh-adjuncts of English and even Korean, in particular, in using wh-adjuncts. Along with this finding, we suggest that their insensitivity to the scope bearing elements is resulted from the fact that their L1 adopts scrambling instead of considering subjacency effects or intervention effects, while constructing wh-questions. What is more significantly considered on the bases of these results is that the other EFL learners who have wh-in-situ languages might also be predicted to have the same results as in those of the Korean EFL learners.
Facilitation of serotonin-induced contraction of rat mesenteric artery by ketamine
Sang Woong Park,Hyun Ju Noh,Jung Min Kim,Bokyung Kim,Sung-Il Cho,Yoon Soo Kim,Nam Sik Woo,Sung Hun Kim,Young Min Bae 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6
Ketamine is an anesthetic with hypertensive effects, which make it useful for patients at risk of shock. However, previous <i>ex vivo</i> studies reported vasodilatory actions of ketamine in isolated arteries. In this study, we reexamined the effects of ketamine on arterial tones in the presence and absence of physiological concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) by measuring the isometric tension of endothelium-denuded rat mesenteric arterial rings. Ketamine little affected the resting tone of control mesenteric arterial rings, but, in the presence of 5-HT (100~200 nM), ketamine (10~100 μM) markedly contracted the arterial rings. Ketamine did not contract arterial rings in the presence of NE (10 nM), indicating that the vasoconstrictive action of ketamine is 5-HT-dependent. The concentration-response curves (CRCs) of 5-HT were clearly shifted to the left in the presence of ketamine (30 μM), whereas the CRCs of NE were little affected by ketamine. The left shift of the 5-HT CRCs caused by ketamine was reversed with ketanserin, a competitive 5-HT<sub>2A </sub>receptor inhibitor, indicating that ketamine facilitated the activation of 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors. Anpirtoline and BW723C86, selective agonists of 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptors, respectively, did not contract arterial rings in the absence or presence of ketamine. These results indicate that ketamine specifically enhances 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and that it is vasoconstrictive in a clinical setting. The facilitative action of ketamine on 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptors should be considered in ketamine-induced hypertension as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases such as schizophrenia, wherein experimental animal models are frequently generated using ketamine.