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Single-dose Toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go Glucose 5% Intravenous Injection in a Rat Model
Jo, Su-jeong,Choi, Young-doo,Jung, Chan-yung,Kim, Kap-sung,Lee, Seung-deok KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the single-dose intravenous toxicity of Guseonwangdo-go glucose 5% pharmacopuncture (GWG5). Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five males and five females per group: an intravenous (IV) injection of 1.0 mL of normal saline solution per animal was administered to the control group; IV injections of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of GWG5 per animal were administered to the experimental groups (G: 0.1, G: 0.5, and G: 1.0). Observation of clinical signs and body weight measurements were carried out for 14 days following the injections. At the end of the observation period, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests, as well as necropsy examinations, were performed on the injected parts. Results: No mortalities or adverse clinical signs were observed in any of the groups. The body weights of all groups continuously increased. In the hematological and the biochemical tests, females in G-0.1 had minimal changes, but those changes were not dose dependent. On necropsy examination, no abnormalities were observed. In the histopathological test, focal inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in two female rats, one in the control group and one in G-1.0. Also, one female rat in the control group had an epidermis crust. These changes were concluded to have been caused by the insertion of the needle into a vein. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that the lethal dose of GWG5 administered via IV injection is more than 1.0 mL per animal in both male and female rats. Further studies are needed to establish more detailed evidence of its toxicity.
Jo, Sung-Chan,Augusti, Rodinei,Cooks, R. Graham Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2011 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.2 No.1
Hyperthermal ion/surface collisions of bromotoluene radical cations were studied using perfluorinated (F-SAM) and hydroxyl-terminated (OH-SAM) self-assembled monolayer surfaces in a tandem mass spectrometer with BEEQ geometry. The isomers were differentiated by ion abundance ratios taken from surface-induced dissociation (SID). The dissociation rate followed the order of ortho > meta > para isomers. The peak abundance ratio of m/z 51 to m/z 65 showed the best result to discern the isomers. A dissociation channel leading to tolylium ion was suggested to be responsible for the pronounced isomeric differences. The capability of SID to provide high-energy activation with narrow internal energy distribution may have channeled the reaction into the specific dissociation pathway, also facilitating small differences in reaction rates to be effective in the spectral time window of this experiment. All of the molecular ions experiencing reactive collisions with the F-SAM surface undergo transhalogenation, in which a fluorine atom on the surface replaces the bromine in the incoming ions. This reactive collision was dependent on the laboratory collision energy occurring in ca. 40.75 eV range.
Jo, Chan Il,Ko, Jieun,Yin, Zhenxing,Kim, Young-Jae,Kim, Youn Sang American Chemical Society 2016 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.55 No.35
<P>Solvent-free SiO2 poly(trimethylolpropane triacrylate) (SiO2-PTPT) nanocomposites are successfully fabricated for an encapsulation layer by surface modification of a SiO2 nanoparticle. In order to lead surface-initiated polymerization and introduce structural similarity between a SiO2 surface and polymer, the surface of the SiO2 nanoparticles are modified with [3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane. The modified SiO2 nanoparticle dispersed in trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TPT) is converted to a SiO2-PTPT nano composite under UV irradiation. Because SiO2 incorporated in a polymer generates a tortuous path and absorbs a water molecule, the SiO2-PTPT nanocomposite shows a considerably lower water vapor transmission rate than PTPT. All of the nanocomposite films are highly transparent (over 98%) in the visible region before and after humidity aging tests. Furthermore, a light-emitting diode encapsulated by a 20 wt % SiO2-PTPT nanocomposite exhibits a considerably longer lifetime in the accelerated aging condition.</P>
Structural assessment of the tetramerization domain and DNA-binding domain of CP2c
Jo, Ku-Sung,Ryu, Ki-Sung,Yu, Hee-Wan,Lee, Seu-Na,Kim, Ji-Hun,Kim, Eun-Hee,Wang, Chae-Yeon,Kim, Chan-Gil,Kim, Chul Geun,Won, Hyung-Sik Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2018 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.22 No.4
Although the transcription factor CP2c has been recently validated as a promising target for development of novel anticancer therapy, its structure has not been solved yet. In the present study, the purified recombinant protein corresponding to the tetramerization domain of CP2c appeared to be well folded, whereas the Elf-1 domain showed a largely unfolded conformation. Particularly, the Elf-1 domain, which contains the putative DNA-binding region, showed a conformational equilibrium between relatively less-ordered and well-ordered conformers. Interestingly, addition of zinc shifted the equilibrium to the relatively more structured conformer, whereas zinc binding decreased the overall stability of the protein, leading to a promoted precipitation. Likewise, a dodecapeptide that has been suggested to bind to the Elf-1 domain also appeared to shift the conformational equilibrium and to destabilize the protein. These results constitute the first structural characterization of the CP2c domains and newly suggest that zinc ion might be involved in the conformational regulation of the protein.
Jo, Myung-Chan,Park, Sang-Joon 한국공업화학회 2005 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.11 No.2
The adsorption behavior of two acidic model compounds containing asphalt-like functionalities were studied on silica precoated with hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HDTMA) and 1-hexadecylamine. Their results were compared with those of uncoated silica. All the adsorption isotherms conformed well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherms. Both the functionalities demonstrated decreased adsorption upon HDTMA precoating. However, they showed enhanced adsorption on the silica precoated with 1-hexadecylamine when compared to that on the uncoated silica. The amount of adsorption of acidic functionalities increased in the following order: silica precoated with 1-hexadecylamine > uncoated silica > silica precoated with HDTMA.
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Yongseollan on the LPS-activated RAW 264.7 Cells
Jo, Mi-Jeong,Lee, Byung-Wook,Eom, Dong-Myung,Lee, Jong-Rok,Hwangbo, Min,Jee, Seon-Young,Kim, Sang-Chan The Korean Medicine Society for the Herbal Formula 2007 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.15 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Yongseollan(YSL) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. YSL is tropical plant originating from Mexico. The biological activity of this plant is not yet evaluated systematically. The aim of the present work is to investigate a potential anti-inflammatory activity of YSL. The RAW264.7 cells were cultured in D MEM/F12 medium for 24 hrs. After serum starvation, cells were treated with YSL for 1 hr, followed by stimulating NO production with a LPS. We found that YSL has an inhibitory effect on the production of NO, iNOS expression and $phospho-I{\kappa}B$ expression. YSL also inhibited tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. Moreover, YSL inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostanglandin E2 (PGE2). These findings showed that YSL could have some anti-inflammatory effects which might play a role in therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Intrinsically disordered fold of a PIAS1-binding domain of CP2b
Jo, Ku-Sung,Jo, Hae-Ri,Kim, Chul Geun,Kim, Chan-Gil,Won, Hyung-Sik Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2014 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.18 No.1
The transcription factor CP2 regulates various biological systems at diverse tissues and cells. However, none of the four CP2 isoforms has been solved in structure yet. In particular, two different regions of the CP2b isoform have been characterized to interact with the PIAS1 in nucleus to regulate the ${\alpha}$-globin gene expression. Among them, in this study, the region encompassing residues 251-309 of CP2b was prepared as a recombinant protein and its solution structure was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the CP2b(251-309) fold belongs to typical IDRs (intrinsically disordered regions), likely to facilitate promiscuous interactions with various target proteins. Unfortunately, however, its interaction with the N-terminal domain of PIAS1 (residues 1-70), which has been identified as one of the CP2b-binding sites, was not observed in the NMR-based titration experiments. Therefore, it could be postulated that the 251-309 region of CP2b would not contact with the PIAS1(1-70), but alternatively interact with another CP2b-binding region that encompasses residues 400-651 of PIAS1.
Sang-Jo Park,Jun-Hong Park,Chan-Yong Kim,Young-Jin Seo,Oh-Heun Kwon,Jong-Gun Won,Suk-Hee Lee 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the soil fertility about plastic film house, upland, and orchard in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The surface chemical properties of soil samples were investigated every 4 year from 2000 year at upland, 2001 year at orchard, and 2002 year at plastic film house. During 12 year’s monitoring, mean soil pH was increased by 0.7 and 0.8 pH unit from pH 5.7 in upland and orchard, respectively, 0.5 pH unit from pH 6.5 in plastic film house. About 50% of all the field samples occupied within the recommended pH range (pH 6-7). Although soil organic matter (SOM) was gradually increased by about 10 g ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP> for 12 years, 40% of orchard, 49% of plastic film house, and 77% of upland soil samples were still below the 3% SOM. The mean concentration of available phosphate for 12 years in upland, orchard, and plastic film house were 530, 600, and 760 mg ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The relative frequencies exceeding the recommended available phosphate range (300-550 ㎎ ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>) were 43%, 53%, and 66% at upland, orchard, and plastic film house soils, respectively. NH₄OAc exchangeable K⁺ of upland, orchard, and plastic film house in the last soil test were 0.8, 0.9, and 1.6 cmolc ㎏<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The relative frequencies above the recommended K level were 56% and 70% of orchard and plastic film house soil samples, respectively. The levels of crop nutrients except exchangeable Ca and Mg in upland soil were tended to increase gradually in the three fields. Exchangeable Mg, EC, available phosphate, organic matter and soil pH could be used as principle components to differentiate the chemical properties of three land fields. This analysis revealed that the soil fertility was affected by cropping method and field management, although additional research is needed to assess the importance of management on soil chemical properties and many fields indicate an opportunity for improvement in fertilizer management.