Symptoms of North Korea`s Economic System: Now is the Time to Open up Economically

( Youn Sik Choi ),( Hyung Rok Jung ),( Sung Man Yoon ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.1

Since suffering economic difficulties, particularly from the 1990s onwards, North Korea, even implicitly, has taken several actions based on the nature of its limited market economy system. North Korean scholars seem to have attempted to practice economic reform and a more open-door policy by learning the capitalistic mark eteconomy system. This paper investigates the current state of trends of North Korean studies associated with economics and management. It is found that even though directly praising and idolizing "Kim Il Sung" and/or "Kim Jong Il" are consistently accomplished, studies on new and subtle issues such as an open-door policy, the global (international) monetary system, compensation, wage (salaries),and self-financing (financing a giupso, in itself, without external financing such as borrowing or issuing shares) drastically increased in the 2000s, especially before and after the announcement of the ``7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures`` implemented in July 2002. This paper`s findings suggest that North Korea has tried to learn capitalistic market economy system before it takes any steps regarding economic reform. This paper also identifies the political implications in drawing up initiatives in preparation for the era of unification of the two Koreas.

규칙적 장기간 운동이 성인여성의 골밀도 함량, 최대 산소섭취량과 각신전력 변화에 미치는 영향

윤성원,강영석,나윤수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of organized walking (n=9) and badminton exercise (n=9) on bone density, maximal oxygen consumption, and leg extensor intake during 6-month period of experiment with middle-aged women(48-56 years). Subjects (n=18), regularly participating to a social sport oenter, were practiced an assigned exercise 3 times a week and measurements were taken every 3-month. after the program being initiated Bone density was measured by DEXA method, VO?? by a rpogressive work load exercise, and leg extensor by isokinetic equipment. The following results were obtained from data analyses : 1. For walking group, the 6-month exercise with a regular time interval resulted in an increase in the bone density of back lumber (L1-L4). On the other hand, for badminton group, an increase was shown in the bone density of head of thigh. 2. For both groups, les extensor was significantly increased over the 6-month experimental period. 3. Subjects in walking exercise group showed an significantly increased VO?? over the experimental period while badminton group did not. These conclusions suggest that an exercise prescriptor should design an exercise program such a way that it includes both a resistance training and aerobic exercise in order to increase bone density, which has a prevention effect against aging and bone fracture, as well as to enhance strength of leg muscle and VO??.

수중환경 변수의 변화에 따른 능동소나 표적검출 성능분석에 관한 연구

윤대희,이충용,성하종,박성범,정형성 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 논문집 Vol.29 No.2

In this paper, the performance of active sonar system is analyzed under various underwater acoustic environments using the multipath eigenray model in shallow water. In addition, an approximated shallow-water propagation model is proposed for the active sonar based on MacPherson and Daintith's model and corresponding equations comprising active sonar parameters are derived. To analyze the sonar performance according to the changes of various sonar parameters, a large number of measurements and results in ocean acoustics and digital signal processing are combined. The proposed model is compared with the multi-path eigenray model in terms of the echo level passed through the beamformer, the input SNR of the detector and the detection probability.

글로벌 금융시장 간의 변동성 추정

지상윤(Jee, Sang-Youn),김경수(Kim, Kyung-Soo) 한국국제회계학회 2020 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.90

본 논문은 일반화 분산분해방법을 사용하고 신속하게 이용가능한 다변량 Markov 국면전환모형(MS)을 벡터자기회귀모형(VAR)과 결합하여 글로벌 금융시장 간의 변동성 전이지수를 분석하고자 하였다. 결과로 첫째, 단일 국면모형의 변동성 전이지수에 따르면, 유럽 금융시장은 타시장으로부터 영향을 받는 것보다는 더 영향을 미치는 시장이었고 한국과 일본은 타시장에 영향을 미치지 못하고 타시장으로부터 영향을 받는 시장으로 나타났다. 둘째, MS-VAR 모형에서 금융위기 동안 한국시장은 최대의 변동성을 보여주었고 한국은 선진국과의 통합이 강화되어 타국가 간의 평균 및 분산이 현저히 급등하였고 한국, 미국 및 유럽 간의 강력한 선도-지연 상호작용이 존재하였다. 셋째, MS-VAR 모형하의 변동성 전이지수에 따르면, 혼란기(2-국면)에서 한국, 프랑스 및 일본은 타시장의 변동성 충격에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받는 정도가 단일 국면모형의 결과와 거의 동일하였으나, 미국의 경우, 변동성 충격을 통해 파급된 총전이지수는 가장 높아 타시장의 금융 어려움에 현저하게 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 평활화 국면확률에서 금융위기 동안 글로벌 금융시장간의 국제적 통합과 이와 연계된 구조적 변화를 보여주었다. 따라서 MS-VAR 모형을 통해 한국을 포함한 8개의 금융시장의 변동성 전이지수와 이를 바탕으로 혼란기 동안의 강력한 전이효과와 안정기 동안의 완화된 전이효과를 파악할 수 있는 글로벌 금융시장 간의 변동성 전달 메커니즘을 이해할 수 있었다. This paper aims to incorporate the multivariate Markov regime switching model (MS) with the vector autoregressive model (VAR), and analyzing the volatility spillovers index between global financial markets. As a result, first, according to the spillovers index of the single regime model, European financial markets were more affected than other markets, and Korea and Japan had no influence on other markets but were affected by other markets. Second, in the MS-VAR model, the Korean market showed the highest volatility during the financial crisis, Korea strengthened its integration with developed countries, significantly increased the mean and variances among other countries, and strong lead-lag interactions between Korea, the United States, and Europe. Third, in the spillovers index under the MS-VAR model, Korea, France, and Japan were more affected by volatility shocks in other markets, which was almost the same as that of the single regime model in the turbulent period (2-regime). Specifically, in the United States, the total spillovers index through the volatility shocks had the greatest impact on the financial difficulties of other markets. Fourth, the probability of smoothing regime showed the integration and structural changes linked to global financial markets during the financial crisis. Therefore, the MS-VAR model has helped us understand the volatility spillovers index and the mechanisms of volatility spillovers to detect the strong spillovers effect among global financial markets including Korea during the chaotic period.

Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

건강한 성인에서 발병한 칸디다와 연관된 위궤양 1례

박지훈,이상혁,김희,이재호,박성재,지삼룡,양성연,박은택,이연재,설상영,정정명,강미선 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Fungus such as Candida albicans is a normal flora that is frequently found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, vaginal mucosa in a normal person. However, candida can cause opportunistic infection in an immune compromised host. Candidiasis has broad spectrum of disease from mucocutaneous infection to invasive or disseminated infection. But, it is rarely reported that candida is associaed with gastrointestinal tract disease in a healthy adult. The case of gastric ulcer associated with candida particularly in a health adult is reported with relevant literature.

조선시대 사랑채 儀禮空間의 特性에 관한 연구 : 喪ㆍ祭禮를 중심으로

윤일이,조성기 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

가족 중심적이던 조선초기에는 모든 의례의 중심은 안채이기에 사랑채는 단지 손님을 접대하는 공간에 머물렀다. 그러나 조선 중기 이후 문중 중심적인 생활이 되면서 상제에 참여대상과 행사규모가 확대되고 안채의 폐쇄성이 짙어지면서 행사에 따라서는 사랑채에서 치러지기도 하였다. 따라서 대종가를 중심으로 사랑채의 성격이 행사를 위한 의례공간으로 구성되어 간다. 1. 상례공간은 정침을 원칙으로 하였으나 점차 문상객을 받아들이기 적합한 장소로 옮겨져 남자는 대부분 사랑채에, 여자는 안채·사랑방·소사랑 등 대부분 외부에 차려진다. 일시적인 상례는 사랑채에 변형을 가하기보다는 기존의 공간을 전용해서 사용하게 된다. 2. 제례공간 역시『家禮』에 따라 안채에 수용되었으나, 지속적인 제례가 당내결합의 중심적 역할을 함에 따라 의례공간이 사랑채로 이전되는데 이때는 감실을 덧붙이거나 불천위와 같은 큰제사를 위해서는 제청을 건립하기도 한다. Sarang-Chae used as a meeting place while An-Chae used to ritual places in the early-Chosun Dynasty. But Sarang-Chae had become a ritual center, because the unity of close relatives became important so that guests increased to attend, the observance was geeting bigger, and An-Chae became closed in after the mid-Chosun Dynasty. And then the Sarang-Chae of main family houses was especially transformed into ritual places. 1. An-Chae used to a funeral place in principle. But visitors were on the increase that they used the outside rooms - men used to Sarang-Chae and women used to An-Chae, Sarang-Chae, or So-Sarang. A funeral place be adapted to borrow the other place in Sarang-Chae. 2. Ritual places also used to An-Chae. But constant rites played an important role in the consolidation of close relatives, Sarang-Chae became used as a ritual place. So Sarang-Chae be adjusted to add Gam-sil or Je-Chung.

韓國 傳統住居에 있어서 부엌의 排煙構造에 관한 硏究

윤일이,조성기 부산대학교 1995 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.48 No.-

This study addresses the properties of the Korean Traditional Houses through the usage of fire and the form of exhaust, ones of items which determine the main was of life. Particularly the typical forms of Vernacular Houses are categorized and the usage and ventilation of remained heat, the facilities of exhaust in the Pu-ok(Kitchen) of each form are studied. Ventilation through roof is usually found in the Kyup-Jip. Ventilation like this was used in special cases for the Hott-Jip. The Hott-Jip's ventilation was conducted by using walls and windows. Because the Pu-ok in these types demanded lighting and exhaust, the wall with good ventilation, such as wooden-wall, was established. For more feeling of variation in elevation, various forms of windows were used. Particularly the window for ventilation not only has the goal of functionality but also represent vernacular belief by beauty. 본 연구에서는 주양식을 결정지었던 많은 요소 중 불의 사용방법과 배연형태를 통하여, 전통주거의 다양한 특성들을 다루고자 한다. 각 지역의 전통주거는 불의 사용행태에 있어서 뚜렷한 차이를 보인다. 즉 겹집과 홀집에 따라 부엌의 배연환경이 달리 나타나고, 한반도와 제주도가 취사와 난방의 겸용·분리라는 온돌 사용양식의 차이를 드러낸다. 지붕을 통한 환기는 겹집에서는 일반적이지만, 홑집에서는 특별한 경우로 보통은 벽과 창을 통해 환기를 한다. 부엌은 채광과 환기의 요구로 말미암아 타실의 벽체와는 달리 통기성이 좋은 판장벽 등이 설치되어 밀실도에 차이를 줄 뿐만 아니라, 여러 유형의 창호가 사용되어 주거 입면에 변화를 주었다. 또 다양한 환기창의 모양은 기능적인 목적 외에 토속적인 믿음을 미적으로 표현하고 있다.

Sedimentation Rate and Transport Features of Suspended Matter in the Changjiang Estuary and Adjacent Continental Shelf

윤정수,박상운,고윤영,오윤근 제주대학교 해양연구소 2000 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.24 No.-

The study area is situated between 31˚00' ~ 33˚30' N and 122˚30' ~126˚00' E as a part of the East China Sea continental shelf. The distribution of sediment in the study area can be classified three sedimentary types. Modern land derived muddy sediments consisting of silt and mud are distributed at mouth of the Changjiang River. and are also observed the southwest offshore of the Cheju Island. The sandsilt-clay miadre sediments are presented in the outer shelf area. The relict sand are distributed between the mordern and mixture sediment. The inner-shelf mud consisted of 8.89% sand. 59.05% silt. 32.06% clay and mean size of 6.90Φ. The offshore mud composed of 5.83% sand. 34.54% silt. 59.63% clay and mean size of 8.32). and also have higher water content and organic carbon. The C/N ratio showed higher in the inner-shelf mud (10.14) rather than that of the offshore mud (8.68). Most of the Changiiang River suspended matter is entrapped in the area around the Changjiang Estuary to the west of 123˚30' E. Only a small part of the suspended matter can be moved by Changjiang Diluted Plume to the southeastern and northeastern middle shelf. The higher suspended matter concentration gradient zone are observed in the northwest central region, and this plume zone separated from Changjiang Estuary by a low oncentration of less than 5 mg/ l or 15 mg/ l. The sediment accumulation rate in the inner shelf mud deposit near the mouth of the Changjiang River is 1.70 cm/yr and characterized by physical stratified mud. The sedimentation rate in the offshore mud deposit to the southwest of Cheju Island shows 0.28 cm/yr and characterized by homogenous mud. The difference in fine-scale stratigraphy is explained by the ratio of mixing rate to accumulation rate, which is much larger for the offshore mud deposit (27.34) than for the inner shelf mud deposit (1.65). these larger ratio allows biological mixing to destroy physical stratification.

80세 이상의 허혈성 뇌졸중 환자의 임상적 특성 -병원 중심 연구-

오윤민,김장성 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5