http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Sunakawa, Yuya (검색결과 7 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
砂川有里子 ( Sunakawa¸ Yuriko ) 한국일어교육학회 2021 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.56
テシマウという形式は初級段階で導入される文法項目だが、中級レベルの学習者でも十分に使えるようにならず、母語話者に比べて使用頻度が非常に少ないという報告がなされている(砂川2018)。本稿では上級レベルに進んだ段階でその状況が改善されるかどうかを調べるため、『多言語母語の日本語学習者横断コーパス』(『I-JAS』)の「対話タスク」を用い、韓国語、中国語、ハンガリー語を母語とする日本語学習者のテシマウとチャウの使用について調査した。その結果、上級レベルでは、中国語話者やハンガリー語話者に比べて韓国語話者の使用が日本語母語話者の使用に近づいているが、それでもなおかつ使用頻度や文法形式に日本語母語話者と大きな隔たりがあることが判明した。そこで、データで使用されたテシマウとチャウの意味を確認するため、テシマウとチャウの直前に使われた動詞に関して上級レベルの韓国語話者と日本語母語話者の頻度調査を行った。その結果、日本語母語話者は、「完了の強調」や「遺憾の意」という学習者が初級段階で学ぶ意味だけでなく、①「自分のコントロールを離れて、思いがけず実現する」や、②「何らかのわだかまりを乗り越えて実現する」といった意味を表す用法も使用していることが分かった。その一方で、上級レベルの韓国語話者にはその種の用法がほとんど見られず、テシマウやチャウを十分に使いこなせていないことが判明した。①や②の用法には、「思いがけず」や「何らかのわだかまり」や「あえて気にせず」といった話者の主観的な感情が含意されている。学習者がこの種の微妙な意味を感じ取ることは難しいだろうし、具体的にどんな状況でこれらの用法を使ったらよいのかも理解しにくいのではないかと思われる。そのため、かりに教師から意味や使い方の説明を受けたとしても、簡単には習得できないのではないだろうか。この種の項目を指導するには、適切な文脈の中で使われた良質な使用例を数多く学習者に与え、個々の具体的な状況において感じ取れる微妙な意味を学習者に意識させるように仕向けるといった工夫をする必要があると考えられる。 TESHIMAU is a grammatical item introduced to Japanese learners at the beginning of their learning. Sunakawa (2018) reported that intermediate Japanese learners use TESHIMAU less frequently than Japanese native speakers and that there is a certain type of TESHIMAU sentences intermediate learners find difficult to learn. In this paper, we investigated Japanese learner’s use of TESHIMAU and CHAU, a colloquial form of TESHIMAU to find out whether advanced learners master these expressions. We surveyed the “Dialogue Task” in I-JAS (International Corpus of Japanese as a Second Language). Subjects were learners whose mother tongue was Korean, Chinese, or Hungarian. Korean speakers were closer to Japanese native speakers than Chinese or Hungarian speakers in their use of TESHIMAU and CHAU, but there was still a large gap in frequency of use and grammatical form between Korean speakers and Japanese native speakers. We then made a survey of the frequency of verbs used immediately before TESHIMAU and CHAU and found that the advanced learners were not fully familiar with a certain usage of TESHIMAU and CHAU. These are the usages that express: (1) the unexpected realization of something out of one's control, and (2) the realization of something after overcoming some kind of obstacle. These express the speaker's implications, such as “uncontrolled by oneself” or “let go of one’s worries.” For this reason, even if we explain the meanings and usages to learners, they may not be able to learn them easily. In order to teach these kinds of usage, it is necessary to provide learners with many good examples in appropriate contexts and to make them aware of their subtle meanings.
-
-
-
-
-
Takahiro Utsumi,Mineo Iwatate,Wataru Sano,Hironori Sunakawa,Santa Hattori,Noriaki Hasuike,Yasushi Sano 대한소화기내시경학회 2015 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.48 No.6
Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a new imaging technology that was developed in 2006 and has since spread worldwide. Because of its convenience, NBI has been replacing the role of chromoendoscopy. Here we review the efficacy of NBI with/without magnification for detection, characterization, and management of colorectal polyps, and future perspectives for the technology, including education. Recent studies have shown that the next-generation NBI system can detect significantly more colonic polyps than white light imaging, suggesting that NBI may become the modality of choice from the beginning of screening. The capillary pattern revealed by NBI, and the NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic classification are helpful for prediction of histology and for estimating the depth of invasion of colorectal cancer. However, NBI with magnifying colonoscopy is not superior to magnifying chromoendoscopy for estimation of invasion depth. Currently, therefore, chromoendoscopy should also be performed additionally if deep submucosal invasive cancer is suspected. If endoscopists become able to accurately estimate colorectal polyp pathology using NBI, this will allow adenomatous polyps to be resected and discarded; thus, reducing both the risk of polypectomy and costs. In order to achieve this goal, a suitable system for education and training in in vivo diagnostics will be necessary.
-
Molecular evolution of multiple forms of kisspeptins and GPR54 receptors in vertebrates.
Lee, Yeo Reum,Tsunekawa, Kenta,Moon, Mi Jin,Um, Haet Nim,Hwang, Jong-Ik,Osugi, Tomohiro,Otaki, Naohito,Sunakawa, Yuya,Kim, Kyungjin,Vaudry, Hubert,Kwon, Hyuk Bang,Seong, Jae Young,Tsutsui, Kazuyoshi Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2009 Endocrinology Vol.150 No.6
<P>Kisspeptin and its receptor GPR54 play important roles in mammalian reproduction and cancer metastasis. Because the KiSS and GPR54 genes have been identified in a limited number of vertebrate species, mainly in mammals, the evolutionary history of these genes is poorly understood. In the present study, we have cloned multiple forms of kisspeptin and GPR54 cDNAs from a variety of vertebrate species. We found that fish have two forms of kisspeptin genes, KiSS-1 and KiSS-2, whereas Xenopus possesses three forms of kisspeptin genes, KiSS-1a, KiSS-1b, and KiSS-2. The nonmammalian KiSS-1 gene was found to be the ortholog of the mammalian KiSS-1 gene, whereas the KiSS-2 gene is a novel form, encoding a C-terminally amidated dodecapeptide in the Xenopus brain. This study is the first to identify a mature form of KiSS-2 product in the brain of any vertebrate. Likewise, fish possess two receptors, GPR54-1 and GPR54-2, whereas Xenopus carry three receptors, GPR54-1a, GPR54-1b, and GPR54-2. Sequence identity and genome synteny analyses indicate that Xenopus GPR54-1a is a human GPR54 ortholog, whereas Xenopus GPR54-1b is a fish GPR54-1 ortholog. Both kisspeptins and GPR54s were abundantly expressed in the Xenopus brain, notably in the hypothalamus, suggesting that these ligand-receptor pairs have neuroendocrine and neuromodulatory roles. Synthetic KiSS-1 and KiSS-2 peptides activated GPR54s expressed in CV-1 cells with different potencies, indicating differential ligand selectivity. These data shed new light on the molecular evolution of the kisspeptin-GPR54 system in vertebrates.</P>
KCI
KISS연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
