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Jo, Young-Hee,Park, Hyun-Chang,Choi, Seulgi,Kim, Sugyeong,Bao, Cheng,Kim, Hyung Woo,Choi, Hyung-Kyoon,Lee, Hong Jin,Auh, Joong-Hyuck American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.63 No.22
<P>The extracts produced by multisolvent extraction and subfractionation with preparative liquid chromatography of black raspberry (<I>Rubus coreanus</I> Miquel) cultivated in Gochang, South Korea, were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolomic profiling and analysis by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OLPS-DA) suggested that cyanidin, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) were key components for the anti-inflammatory responses in the most active fraction BF3-1, where they were present at 0.44, 1.26, and 0.56 μg/mg of BF3-1, respectively. Both BF3-1 and mixture of these cyanidins at the same ratio reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein level of iNOS expression and suppressed mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β through inhibiting the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and STAT3 in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Overall, the results suggested that co-administration of cyanidin, C3G, and C3R is more effective than that of cyanidin alone and that the coexistence of these anthocyanin components in black raspberry plays a vital role in regulating LPS-induced inflammation even at submicromolar concentrations, making it possible to explain the health beneficial activity of its extracts.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2015/jafcau.2015.63.issue-22/acs.jafc.5b00560/production/images/medium/jf-2015-00560r_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf5b00560'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lee, Jaehoo,Kim, Sugyeong,Namgung, Hyeju,Jo, Young-Hee,Bao, Cheng,Choi, Hyung-Kyoon,Auh, Joong-Hyuck,Lee, Hong Jin American Chemical Society 2014 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.62 No.18
<P>This study employed the metabolomic approach to identify the key constituent exerting anti-inflammatory activity in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among the six different fractions (SF1–SF6) of the strawberry ‘Seolhyang’, SF4 showed more significant inhibition on iNOS expression than SF3, and ellagic acid was determined as the most significant different component between SF4 and SF3 using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Ellagic acid (0.3 and 1.0 μM) and SF4 (100 μg/mL) were found to regulate the same inflammatory mediators, inhibitory κB (IκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which led to the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and iNOS expressions. These results demonstrate that ellagic acid from strawberry ‘Seolhyang’ is the major component playing a crucial role in inflammation, suggesting the possible application of metabolomic analysis to determining the key ingredients having biological functions in the complicated food matrix.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jafcau/2014/jafcau.2014.62.issue-18/jf4038503/production/images/medium/jf-2013-038503_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jf4038503'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Ethyl Acetate와 Methanol을 이용한 블루베리 추출물 대사체 분석
조영희(Young-Hee Jo),김수경(Sugyeong Kim),권다애(Da-Ae Kwon),이홍진(Hong Jin Lee),최형균(Hyung-Kyoon Choi),어중혁(Joong-Hyuck Auh) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.3
본 연구에서는 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 블루베리의 methanol과 ethyl acetate 추출 분획에 존재하는 대사체의 분석을 통해 효율적인 대사체 profiling의 가능성을 탐색하였다. LC-MS/MS에서 검출되는 대사체를 통계 처리한 결과, methanol 추출 분획에서는 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, malvidin hexoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin hexoside, delphinidin, petunidin hexoside와 같은 안토시아닌 계열의 화합물들이 존재하였고, ethyl acetate 분획에서는 chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid dimer, 6,8-di-C-arabinopyranosylluteolin, luteolin과 같은 플라보노이드 계열의 화합물이 검출되었다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와 달리 대사체학 기법을 이용한 블루베리 추출물 전체 대사물질의 profiling을 시도한 최초의 연구로서 블루베리에 함유된 유용 성분의 스크리닝등 향후 응용 연구에 유용한 기반으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Metabolite profiling of blueberry (cultivar "Spartan") was performed by extraction using different solvents, methanol and ethyl acetate, through metabolomic analysis using LC-MS/MS. Unsupervised classification method (PCA) and supervised prediction model (OPLS-DA) provided good categorization of metabolites according to the extraction solvents. Metabolites of the anthocyanin family, including delphinidin hexoside, delphinidin, 5-O-feruloylquinic acid, malvidin hexoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, petunidin-3-arabinoside, and petunidin hexoside, were mainly detected in methanol fractions, whereas those of the flavonoid family, including chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid dimer, 6,8-di-C-arabinopyranosyl-luteolin, and luteolin were successfully prepared in the ethyl acetate fraction. Thus, metabolomic analysis of blueberry extracts allows for the simple profiling of whole and distinctive metabolites for future applications.