Genome‑wide mining of respiratory burst homologs and its expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in Triticum aestivum

Sudhir Navathe,Sakshi Singh,Vinay Kumar Singh,Ramesh Chand,Vinod Kumar Mishra,Arun Kumar Joshi 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.9

Background Membrane-bound NADPH oxidases (Nicotinamide adenine ainucleotide phosphate oxidase) also called respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rboh) play an essential role in ROS production under normal as well as environmental stress conditions in plants. Objective To identify and study respiratory burst homologs (Rboh) from the wheat genome as well as characterize their role in various biological and molecular processes along with expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Methods The Rboh homologs in the wheat genome were predicted based on data processing, alignment of sequences and phylogenetic analysis of sequences in numerous plant species and wheat. The conserved motifs were known followed by domain design study. The 3-D structure prediction and similarity modeling were administered for NADPH enzyme domain. Gene ontology and a functional study were done in addition to expression analysis of Triticum aestivum respiratory burst oxidase (TaRboh) gene family in response to biotic as well as abiotic stress. Results Phylogenetic analysis of Rboh gene family members among seven plant species including wheat, classified the family into four subfamilies. Rboh genes are mainly involved in various biological processes such as Response to oxidative stress, Superoxide anion generation, Hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process. Among the molecular functions, calcium ion binding, peroxidase activity, oxidoreductase activity, superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase activity are essential. Enzyme annotation of the family and superfamily revealed that it encodes to five structural clusters and coding to enzymes NAD(P)H oxidase ( H2O2-forming) (EC:1.6.3.1), Ferric-chelate reductase (NADH) (EC: 1.16.1.7), Peroxidase (EC: 1.11.1.7), Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase (EC: 2.7.6.1). The enzymes contain six membrane-spanning domains, two hemes, and conserved motifs associated with NADPH, EF-hand and FAD binding. The outcomes additionally reflect a distinct role of this enzyme in different molecular functions which are responsible for the stress signaling. Further, the transcripts of TaRboh found expressed in various plant parts such as stem, leaves, spike, seed, and roots. We also observed expression of these gene family members under drought/combination of drought + heat and important wheat pathogens such as Puccinia striformis, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, Fusarium graminiarum, F. pseudograminiarum, and Zymoseptoria tritici. Conclusions The investigation demonstrated that identified respiratory burst homologs (Rboh) in T. aestivum were involved in pathogen activated ROS production and have regulatory functions in cell death and defense responses.

A new species of Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitizing mango leaf gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), from India

Sudhir Singh 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2

A new species of Aprostocetus doonensis Singh sp. nov. is described from northern India. The new species is a parasitoid of mango leaf gall midge, Procontarinia mangiferae (Felt) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Some observations on biology and parasitization rate are also given.

Effect of suspension parameters on dynamics of a metro coach: A parametric study

Sudhir Kumar Singh,Abhilash Vishwakarma,Sanjay R Singh,Vikranth Racherla 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.6

This work aims to analyse the effect of primary and secondary suspension parameters on the dynamics of a BEML metro coach plying on the Kolkata metro track with short straight segments, sharp curves, rapid acceleration, and deceleration. For this, instrumented field trials were conducted on the metro coach on the newly built track in Kolkata, India. During the trials, vehicle speed, coach acceleration, and primary, secondary springs compressions were recorded. A multibody dynamics model for the BEML metro coach plying on the metro track is built in commercial software Simpack. Vertical and lateral track irregularities, non-linear air spring and rail-wheel contact models are considered in modeling for accurate representation of the coach. The developed multibody dynamics model is validated using the field trials data by matching vertical and lateral ride comfort indices for the coach along with roll, pitch, and equivalent bounce motions of the coach and bogies. Effect of four suspension parameters, namely, effective area of air spring, horizontal stiffness of air spring, damping coefficient of lateral damper and horizontal stiffness of primary spring, on metro coach dynamics is studied. Vehicle output response parameters monitored include average vertical ride comfort, average lateral ride comfort, maximum derailment coefficient, average wear index, and vehicle stability. Central composite design is used to design the simulation runs. Response surface methodology is used to obtain second order polynomial models for output response variables in terms of selected suspension parameters. Significant reduction of around 8 % in average wear index was observed for 20 % reduction in horizontal stiffness of primary and secondary springs. Separately, around 7 % reduction in lateral ride comfort index was observed for 20 % reduction in lateral damping coefficient, secondary spring horizontal stiffness and 20 % increase in primary spring horizontal stiffness.

Duty ratio control technique with torque ripple minimization for induction motor‑based electric vehicle applications

Sudhir Sharma,Bhoopendra Singh,Ashutosh Datar 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.4

DTC drives are utilized in modern electrical vehicles. This paper proposed a blend of the conventional direct torque control (DTC) and a duty ratio control technique known as the modified duty ratio control for torque ripple reduction. In this modified technique, voltage vector selection is based on the conventional DTC technique, which utilizes six entire voltage vectors and two zero vectors. The torque error modifies the duty ratio of the voltage vector. In the presented technique, the magnitude of the torque error is the controlling variable for the modification of the duty ratio of the voltage vectors. Depending on the magnitude of the torque error, a duty ratio-modulating factor is generated from a lookup table, which is then multiplied by the duty ratio for any of the selected voltage vectors. Thus, improved performance in terms of low torque and current ripples is achieved from a DTC drive by a control strategy with less complexity, which preserves the simplicity of switching to table-based traditional DTC drives. Simulation and experimental results validate the proposed switching strategy.

Hydrogen Peroxide Prompted Lignification Affects Pathogenicity of Hemi-biotrophic Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana to Wheat

Ajit Poudel,Sudhir Navathe,Ramesh Chand,Vinod K. Mishra,Pawan K. Singh,Arun K. Joshi 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has spread to more than 9 million ha of wheat in the warm, humid areas of the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia and is a disease of major concern in other similar wheat growing regions worldwide. Differential lignin content in resistant and susceptible genotypes and its association with free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2 -) and hydroxyl radical (OH-) were studied after inoculation under field conditions for two consecutive years. H2O2 significantly influenced lignin content in flag leaves, whereas there was a negative correlation among lignin and H2O2 to the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The production of H2O2 was higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible ones. The O2 - and OH- positively correlated with AUDPC but negatively with lignin content. This study illustrates that H2O2 has a vital role in prompting lignification and thereby resistance to spot blotch in wheat. We used cluster analysis to separate the resistant and susceptible genotypes by phenotypic and biochemical traits. H2O2 associated lignin production significantly reduced the number of appressoria and penetration pegs. We visualized the effect of lignin in disease resistance using differential histochemical staining of tissue from resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shows the variable accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin around penetration sites.

Burr height and hole diameter error minimization in drilling of AL6063/15%/SiC composites using HSS step drills

Abhishek Kamboj,Sudhir Kumar,Hari Singh 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.7

In drilling process, burr plays an important role on the quality parts. It is necessary to minimize the burr height. This paper presents theeffect of CNC drilling process parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, step angle and cutting environment on burr height and hole diametererror of Al6063/15%/SiC composites. The composites are fabricated using mechanical stir casting. An experimental study on compositeswas conducted using three HSS drills. The Taguchi design of experiments and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are used to optimizethe response for Al6063/15%/SiC composites. The results revealed that the quality of the holes can be improved by proper selection ofcutting process parameters. SEM analysis and XRD analysis are also carried for composite, drilled surface and drill bits. These analysisprovide the good agreement with the effect of cutting parameters on burr height and hole diameter error.

Fibrous Dysplasia Mimicking Bone Metastasis on Both Bone Scintigraphy and $^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT: Diagnostic Dilemma in a Patient with Breast Cancer

Suman K.C., Sudhir,Sharma, Punit,Singh, Harmandeep,Bal, Chandrasekhar,Kumar, Rakesh The Korea Society of Nuclear Medicine 2012 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.46 No.4

Hydrogen Peroxide Prompted Lignification Affects Pathogenicity of Hemi-biotrophic Pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana to Wheat

Poudel, Ajit,Navathe, Sudhir,Chand, Ramesh,Mishra, Vinod K.,Singh, Pawan K.,Joshi, Arun K. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has spread to more than 9 million ha of wheat in the warm, humid areas of the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia and is a disease of major concern in other similar wheat growing regions worldwide. Differential lignin content in resistant and susceptible genotypes and its association with free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), superoxide ($O_2{^-}$) and hydroxyl radical ($OH^-$) were studied after inoculation under field conditions for two consecutive years. $H_2O_2$ significantly influenced lignin content in flag leaves, whereas there was a negative correlation among lignin and $H_2O_2$ to the Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The production of $H_2O_2$ was higher in the resistant genotypes than susceptible ones. The $O_2{^-}$ and $OH^-$ positively correlated with AUDPC but negatively with lignin content. This study illustrates that $H_2O_2$ has a vital role in prompting lignification and thereby resistance to spot blotch in wheat. We used cluster analysis to separate the resistant and susceptible genotypes by phenotypic and biochemical traits. $H_2O_2$ associated lignin production significantly reduced the number of appressoria and penetration pegs. We visualized the effect of lignin in disease resistance using differential histochemical staining of tissue from resistant and susceptible genotypes, which shows the variable accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lignin around penetration sites.

A new whitefly of quarantine importance infesting a native and invasive plant, Rubus ellipticus Sm. (Rosaceae) in the Western Himalaya, India

Dubey Anil Kumar,Singh Sudhir 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

Puparia of Pealius kufriensis Dubey sp. nov. found infesting a native and highly invasive plant, Rubus ellipticus Sm. (Rosaceae) are described. The host shrub was found highly infested with the new whitefly on the underside of leaves. Puparial characteristics of the genus Pealius Quaintance and Baker shared with Aleyrodes Latreille and Bemisia Quaintance and Baker are discussed.

Aggregate Cell Suspension Cultures of Psoralea corylifolia Improved Phytoestrogens Production

Ramesh Satdive,Amit N. Shinde,Sudhir Singh,Suchita Kamble,Shraddha Singh,Nutan Malpathak,Devanand P. Fulzele 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.2

The intensity of the hydrodynamic stress on cell aggregates is closely related to the growth and production of secondary metabolites. In this study, we have investigated the effects of cell aggregation in suspension cultures of Psoralea corylifolia on growth and phytoestrogens production. HPLC analysis revealed that cell aggregates of 1.2 mm size produced maximum amount of daidzein (2.84% dry wt.) and genistein (0.47% dry wt.) on day 20. The phytoestrogens production level was ~2-fold more than that of heterogeneous cell aggregates (control) in suspension cultures and 11-fold more than field grown plants. Analysis of spent medium revealed no leaching of phytoestrogens. Results indicated that certain degree of cell aggregation in suspension cultures directly supported phytoestrogen production.