전처리된 섬유소계 바이오매스로부터 Lactic acid생산

안수진 ( Su Jin Ahn ),( Roent Dune Cayetano ),김태현 ( Tae Hyun Kim ),김준석 ( Jun Seok Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.53 No.1

Lactic acid(젖산)는 가장 널리 사용되는 Hydroxy-carboxylic acid로서 일반적으로 식품, 화장품, 의약품 및 화학산업의 원료로 사용된다. 하지만 다양한 분야의 적용과 대량생산의 광범위한 잠재력에도 불구하고 원재료의 높은 가격으로 인하여 Lactic acid 생산의 주된 문제가 된다. Lactic acid는 발효 또는 화학적 합성에 의하여 얻어진다. 최근, 자연적으로 생산되는 Lactic acid의 시장 수요가 증가하여 미생물 발효 방법에 의한 Lactic acid 생산을 일반적으로 사용한다. 일반적으로 Lactic acid 생산의 원재료는 순수한 전분 또는 글루코오스를 이용한다. 이의 경제적인 원재료의 대안으로, 지구상에서 가장 풍부한 재생가능 자원인 바이오매스를 가수분해물로 전환하여 이용한다. 본 연구에서는 Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863을 이용하여 전처리 된 가수분해물로부터 발효 방법에 의해 L(+)-Lactic acid를 생산하였다. 전처리 된 가수분해물은 암모니아 침출 공정(AP) 후 효소 당화에 의하여 얻었다. 효과적으로 Lactic acid 생산 수율과 전환율을 높이기 위하여 순수 글루코오스 조건에서 배지, 온도, 글루코오스 농도를 조절하여 수행하였다. 발효 최적조건에서 순수 글루코오스와 가수분해물의 Lactic acid 생산을 비교하였다. Lactic acid, the most widely occurring hydroxy-carboxylic acid, has traditionally been used as food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Even though it has tremendous potential for large scale production and use in a wide variety of applications, high cost lactic acid materials are primarily problems. Lactic acid can be obtained on either by fermentation or chemical synthesis. In recent years, the fermentation approach has become more successful because of the increasing market demand for naturally produced lactic acid. Generally, lactic acid was produced from pure starch or from glucose. As an alternative, biomass which is the most abundant renewable resources on earth have been considered for conversion to readily utilizable hydrolysate. In this study, we conducted the fermentation method to produce L(+)-lactic acid production from pretreated hydrolysate was investigated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 10863. The hydrolysate was obtained from pretreatment process of biomass using Ammonia percolation process (AP) followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. In order to effectively enhance lactic acid conversion and product yield, controlled medium, temperature, glucose concentration was conducted under pure glucose conditions. The optimum conditions of lactic acid production was investigated and compared with those of hydrolysate.

Effect of Increase in Occlusal Vertical Dimension on Appendage Muscle Strength

Su-Jin Ahn(안수진),Richard Sung-bok Lee(이성복),Suk-Won Lee(이석원) 대한턱관절교합학회 2010 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.26 No.2

HMD(Head Mounted Display) 기반 가상현실에서 사용자의 적응시간에 따른 주의집중과 주시특성

안수진(Ahn, Su-Jin),김주연(Kim, Juyeon) 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.27 No.5

The first important sense that humans take is vision, and VR is a technology that uses such characteristics of humans to realize virtual reality that is similar to reality. This research is intended to be a study that can identify the characteristics of observation according to the immersive VR and the user"s adaptive time. Results of HMD-based immersion VR line tracking experiments are as follows. First, there are five types of eye for subjects. Most subjects can see that the location of the start and end points is different from the location of the most viewed sites. After observing the 360° image for two minutes, we looked at the sum of the top two sections of the collected surveillance data with the highest values of fixing per subjects, and the subjects used HMD-based immersive VR. When observing a 360° image, focus most on the desired information, usually at a time of not less than 61 seconds and not more than 70 seconds after starting the experiment. The highest concentration of attention of the subjects from segment 7 and then lower from segment 8 and then higher from segment 12 again, were analyzed by viewing the characteristics of the watch type according to the time to be identified by the subjects. Based on this research, it is necessary to develop contents for virtual reality and to understand user characteristics according to immersive virtual reality.

가상현실(Virtual Reality)개념과 국내 선행연구 동향

안수진(Ahn, Su-Jin),김주연(Kim, Ju-Yeon) 한국실내디자인학회 2018 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.20 No.1

Virtual Reality refers to technology and making users accept what is not reality as real. The word `virtual` has the implication of `practically real`. Previous researches show that Virtual Reality content is closely related to architectural and interior design, and that future developments are highly anticipated. In Korea, however, there is insufficient information on VR space research based on HMD and human eye characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the concepts of Virtual Reality were organized according to the development process by year, and the trend of application of Virtual Reality was looked at through preceding studies related to Virtual Reality and space. As technology advances, the flow pattern is increasing, and movable HMD technologies will help in the way studies are conducted, helping to extract data on human experience.

가상현실(Virtual Reality) 시선추적 실험 환경에서 길 찾기 정보 인지 난이도에 따른 시선 응시의 차이

안수진(Ahn, Su-Jin),김주연(Kim, JuYeon) 한국실내디자인학회 2019 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.1

When a destination is established for the space user in the wayfinding process, the user is active in exploring the surrounding environment to find the final destination, and a number of visual activities take place in the process. In this study, we studied how the pathways of the user"s eyes based on the spatial structure or the configuration of the surrounding environment affect the decision-making process by indirectly experiencing the user"s exploratory process in the VR environment. This study presented some of the paths leading to the exhibition hall through the Byeolmadang Library at the entrance of Samsung Station"s COEX Starfield, allowing subjects to have indirect experience of the route in immersive VR space. As a result, we were able to see the difference between the test takers" gaze over time due to difficulty. The subjects who answered the difficulty level "easy" chose the route after an intensive search of the route by the subjects who obtained the information through a search for the directional sign. On the other hand, subjects who answered "ordinary and difficult" could see that they stared at the route and the directional sign constantly.

시 · 지각 반응 연구의 실증적 프로젝트 기반 탐색

안수진(Ahn, Su-Jin),김종하(Kim, Jong-Ha),김주연(Kim, Ju-Yeon) 한국실내디자인학회 2019 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.3

By studying the user’s physiological signals in the space design field to quantify the preferences and sensibilities of the space, it can be a variety of indicators for the improvement of existing space or the provision of new space in the space design or design process. On the other hand, not only in the field of academic research, but also at the level of national or local autonomous bodies, much effort is being made to regenerate or improve the urban environment based on these human physiologic signals. However, it is still in its early stages and requires a lot of experience, as well as basic data and deep understanding, to bring together the techniques used in academic research into the practical stage. The direction of academic and empirical research has been proposed according to the purpose and method in the visual and perceptual response study, which is a fundamental material in this process, will be the basis for the impact of the spatial design field at the urban and national levels.

창동역 주변 점포 분포와 보행자의 감성 어휘 평가 조사

안수진(Ahn, Su-Jin),김주연(Kim, Ju-Yeon) 한국실내디자인학회 2017 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

Existing research on the commercial space focuses on research on the physical behavior of people or on the color of signage or appearance. The results of this study are as follows. First, the external design of the shop is influenced by people"s emotional influence and consumption. It is necessary to study the psychological emotional response of the people when the shops are gathered and the streets are formed. Therefore, this study investigated and analyzed the emotional response according to the distribution of mall through surveys to residents visiting and using Chang-dong Station. As a result, it was found that the type of shopping street affects people"s feeling of negative emotion in Chang-dong street. However, in order to further confirm the relevance of the emotion evaluation to the commercial distribution in the future, it will be necessary to perform the emotion evaluation by comparing the different street distribution to the similar distance form.

디지털 방식을 이용하여 제작한 양악 가철성 의치 수복 증례

이지수,안수진,이성복,이석원,Lee, Ji-Soo,Ahn, Su-Jin,Leesungbok, Richard,Lee, Suk-Won 대한치과보철학회 2018 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.56 No.3

현재까지 의치는 전통적인 방법을 이용하여 제작하는 것이 일반적이지만, 최근 디지털 기술의 발달로 이를 이용한 의치 제작 빈도가 증가하는 추세이다. 디지털 방식을 이용하여 의치를 제작하는 방법에는 인상체를 3D 스캔하여 CAD 상에서 인공치를 배열한 뒤 이를 3D 프린팅하여 레진상 총의치를 제작하는 방식과 모델을 3D 스캔 후 CAD를 이용하여 frame-work을 디자인하고 3D 프린팅으로 resin pattern을 제작하여 이를 주조 후 금속상 총의치나 국소의치를 제작하는 방식이 대표적이다. 본 증례에서는 디지털 방식의 의치 제작 방법으로써 전자 서베잉을 이용한 진단과 CAD 프로그램을 이용한 framework 디자인, 그리고 이를 3D 프린팅 후 주조하여 상악 총의치와 하악 국소의치를 제작하였으며, 만족스러운 결과를 얻었기에 이를 보고하고자 한다. Generally dentures are manufactured by conventional method, however the frequency of fabricating denture using digital method is increasing due to the recent development of digital technology in dentistry. The digital method of manufacturing denture is classified into two systems; 3D scan of the impression to arrange the artificial teeth on the CAD (Computer-aided design) and 3D printing to produce the resin-based complete denture, or 3D scan of the model to design of the framework using CAD, resin pattern formation by 3D printing and casting of metal framework of complete denture or removable partial denture. In this case report, electronic surveying and design the metal framework of the dentures were performed using CAD program, and plastic resin patterns fabricated by 3D printing were casted for upper full denture and lower removable partial denture. During follow-up periods, dentures using digital method have provided satisfactory results esthetically and functionally.

마이크로그루브 상 인간치은섬유아세포의 유전자 발현 분석: DNA microarray 연구

이경호,이성복,안수진,박수정,이석원,Lee, Kyungho,Leesungbok, Richard,Ahn, Su-Jin,Park, Su-Jung,Lee, Suk Won 대한치과보철학회 2017 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.55 No.4

목적: 마이크로그루브 상 인간치은섬유아세포의 유전자발현감식을 DNA microarray를 이용하여 연구하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: Grade II 티타늄 시편을 이용하여 표면에 마이크로그루브(폭/깊이: $60{\mu}m/10{\mu}m$, E60/10)를 형성하고 불산으로 산에칭하여 실험군으로 사용하였다. 표면처리를 하지 않은 평활한 티타늄 표면(NE0)을 대조군으로 사용하였다. 실험군과 대조군에 인간치은섬유아세포를 배양한 후 total RNA를 추출하였다. Oligonucleotide microarray를 시행하여 실험군과 대조군 간 다양한 유전자 발현량의 변화를 확인하였다. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis를 통해 DNA chip의 발현 결과를 mapping하여 실험 조건에 따른 유전자 발현량의 변화를 pathway 수준에서 파악하였다. 결과: E60/10 마이크로그루브 표면과 NE0 표면에 대한 유전자 발현량 비교분석 결과, NE0 표면에 비하여 E60/10 마이크로그루브 표면에서 1.5배 이상 유의한 발현 차이를 보인 유전자는 123개, 2배 이상 유의한 발현 차이를 보인 유전자는 19개였다. 실험 조건에 따른 유전자 발현량의 변화를 KEGG pathway analysis를 통하여 확인하였고, 다양한 유전자 발현 결과들 중 대표적인 세포접착, 증식, 활성 관련 세포신호전달을 규명하였다. 결론: 마이크로그루브 표면은 다양한 유전자 발현 변화를 유도하고 관련 세포신호 전달을 유도한다. 본 연구의 결과에 따라서, 마이크로그루브는 유전자 발현 변화 및 세포신호 전달 활성화 등을 통한 세포활성도 증진을 필요로 하는 다양한 생체재료들의 표면으로 사용될 수 있다. Purpose: We aimed to investigate the gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts on microgroove surface using DNA microarray. Materials and methods: Microgrooves were applied on grade II titanium discs to have 0/$0{\mu}m$ (NE0, control group), 60/$10{\mu}m$ (E60/10, experimental group) of respective width/depth by photolithography. The entire surface of the microgrooved Ti substrata was further acid etched and used as the two experimental groups in this study. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured in the experimental group and the control group, and total RNA was extracted. The oligonucleotide microarray was performed to confirm the changes of various gene expression levels between experimental group and control group. Changes of gene expression level were determined at the pathway level by mapping the expression results of DNA chips, using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis. Results: Gene expression levels on E60/10 and NE0 were analyzed, there were 123 genes showing significant differences in expression more than 1.5 times on E60/10 microgrooved surface compared to NE0 surface, and 19 genes showing significant differences in expression more than 2 times. The KEGG pathway analysis confirmed the changes in gene expression levels under experimental conditions. Cell signaling, proliferation, and activity among the various gene expression results were identified. Conclusion: Microgrooved surfaces induce gene expression changes and related cell signaling. According to the results of this study, microgrooves can be used as the surface of various biomaterials which need to improve cell activity through gene expression changes and activation of cell signaling.

마이크로그루브 및 열산화 복합 티타늄 표면의 골아세포분화 증진효과

서진호,이성복,안수진,박수정,이명현,이석원,Seo, Jin-Ho,Lee, Richard sungbok,Ahn, Su-Jin,Park, Su-Jung,Lee, Myung-Hyun,Lee, Suk Won 대한치과보철학회 2015 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.53 No.3

목적: 다양한 크기의 마이크로그루브가 형성된 티타늄 표면에 열산화 처리를 한 복합 표면의 표면특성을 규명하고, 인간치주인대세포 배양 시 표면에 따른 다양한 세포행동들간 차이와 상관관계를 분석하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: Grade II 티타늄 디스크를 시편으로 제작하였다. 포토리소그라피를 이용하여 티타늄 시편의 마이크로그루브 크기를 폭/깊이 $0/0{{\mu}m}$, $15/3.5{{\mu}m}$, $30/10{{\mu}m}$, $60/10{{\mu}m}$로 각각 형성하였다. 평활한 티타늄 표면인 대조군(ST)을 제외한 모든 실험군(ST/TO, Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO)에 $700^{\circ}C$에서 3시간동안 열산화 처리하고, 주사현미경 사진을 사용하여 표면특성을 평가하였다. 인간치주인대세포를 배양한 후 BrdU (Bromdeoxyuridine) 실험, 알칼리성 인산가수분해효소 활성 실험, 세포외 칼슘 침착 실험을 통해 세포접착, 세포분화 및 골광화를 평가하였다. 통계분석으로는 일요인분산분석과 피어슨상관관계분석(SPSS version 17.0)을 사용하였다. 결과: 열산화를 동반한 마이크로그루브가 형성된 실험군(Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO)들은 평활한 대조군(ST)과 단순 열산화 처리 실험군(ST-TO)에 비하여 BrdU 실험, 알칼리성 인산가수분해효소 활성 실험, 세포 외 칼슘 침착 실험 모두에서 유의하게 증가된 활성도를 나타내었다. 특히, Gr60-TO군은 대조군 및 Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO 군 등에 비해 가장 증진된 세포접착 및 골아세포분화/골광화를 나타냈다. 결론: 본 연구의 한계 내에서, 열산화 처리 및 마이크로그루브 복합 티타늄 표면은 골아세포분화에 효과적 방법임이 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 규명 된 적정한 마이크로그루브 크기와 열산화 처리 조건은 마이크로그루브-열산화 복합 표면 티타늄 임플란트 개발의 기초 확립에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of combined various microgrooves and thermal oxidation on the titanium (Ti) and to evaluate various in vitro responses of human periodontal ligament cells (PLCs). Materials and methods: Grade II titanium disks were fabricated. Microgrooves were applied on titanium discs to have $0/0{{\mu}m}$, $15/3.5{{\mu}m}$, $30/10{{\mu}m}$, and $60/10{{\mu}m}$ of respective width/depth by photolithography. Thermal oxidation was performed on the microgrooves of Ti substrata for 3 h at $700^{\circ}C$ in air. The experiments were divided into 3 groups: control group (ST), thermal oxidation group (ST/TO), and combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation group (Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO). Surface characterization was performed by field-emission scanning microscopy. Cell adhesion, osteoblastic differentiation, and mineralization were analyzed using the bromodeoxyurdine (BrdU), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and extracellular calcium deposition assays, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the oneway analysis of variance and Pearson's bivariate correlation analysis (SPSS Version 17.0). Results: In general, the combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation group (Gr15-TO, Gr30-TO, Gr60-TO) showed significantly higher levels compared with the control (ST) or thermal oxidation (ST-TO) groups in the BrdU expression, ALP activity, and extracellular calcium deposition. Gr60-TO group induced highest levels of cell adhesion and osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, we conclude that the Ti surface treatment using combined microgrooves and thermal oxidation is highly effective in inducing the cell adhesion andosteoblastic differentiation. The propose surface is also expected to be effective in inducing rapid and strong osseointegration of Ti oral implants.