Dust Polarization toward Embedded Protostars in Ophiuchus with ALMA. II. IRAS 16293-2422

Sadavoy, Sarah I.,Myers, Philip C.,Stephens, Ian W.,Tobin, John,Kwon, Woojin,Segura-Cox, Dominique,Henning, Thomas,Commerç,on, Benoî,t,Looney, Leslie American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.869 No.2

Dust Polarization toward Embedded Protostars in Ophiuchus with ALMA. I. VLA 1623

Sadavoy, Sarah I.,Myers, Philip C.,Stephens, Ian W.,Tobin, John,Commerç,on, Benoî,t,Henning, Thomas,Looney, Leslie,Kwon, Woojin,Segura-Cox, Dominique,Harris, Robert American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.859 No.2

<P>We present high-resolution (similar to 30 au) ALMA Band 6 dust polarization observations of VLA 1623. The VLA 1623 data resolve compact similar to 40 au inner disks around the two protobinary sources, VLA 1623-A and VLA 1623-B, and also an extended similar to 180 au ring of dust around VLA 1623-A. This dust ring was previously identified as a large disk in lower-resolution observations. We detect highly structured dust polarization toward the inner disks and the extended ring with typical polarization fractions similar to 1.7% and similar to 2.4%, respectively. The two components also show distinct polarization morphologies. The inner disks have uniform polarization angles aligned with their minor axes. This morphology is consistent with expectations from dust scattering. By contrast, the extended dust ring has an azimuthal polarization morphology not previously seen in lower-resolution observations. We find that our observations are well-fit by a static, oblate spheroid model with a flux-frozen, poloidal magnetic field. We propose that the polarization traces magnetic grain alignment likely from flux freezing on large scales and magnetic diffusion on small scales. Alternatively, the azimuthal polarization may be attributed to grain alignment by the anisotropic radiation field. If the grains are radiatively aligned, then our observations indicate that large (similar to 100 mu m) dust grains grow quickly at large angular extents. Finally, we identify significant proper motion of VLA 1623 using our observations and those in the literature. This result indicates that the proper motion of nearby systems must be corrected for when combining ALMA data from different epochs.</P>

임상검사실 측정방법의 일치화를 위한 추진방향

W. Greg Miller,Gary L. Myers,Mary Lou Gantzer,Stephen E. Kahn,E. Ralf Schönbrunner,Linda M. Thienpont,David M. Bunk,Robert H. Christenson,John H. Eckfeldt,Stanley F. Lo,C. Micha Nübling,Catharine M. S 대한진단검사의학회 2012 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.2 No.1

Results between different clinical laboratory measurement procedures (CLMP) should be equivalent, within clinically meaningful limits, to enable optimal use of clinical guidelines for disease diagnosis and patient management. When laboratory test results are neither standardized nor harmonized, a different numeric result may be obtained for the same clinical sample. Unfortunately, some guidelines are based on test results from a specific laboratory measurement procedure without consideration of the possibility or likelihood of differences between various procedures. When this happens, aggregation of data from different clinical research investigations and development of appropriate clinical practice guidelines will be flawed. A lack of recognition that results are neither standardized nor harmonized may lead to erroneous clinical, financial, regulatory, or technical decisions. Standardization of CLMPs has been accomplished for several measurands for which primary (pure substance) reference materials exist and/or reference measurement procedures (RMPs) have been developed. However, the harmonization of clinical laboratory procedures for measurands that do not have RMPs has been problematic owing to inadequate definition of the measurand, inadequate analytical specificity for the measurand,inadequate attention to the commutability of reference materials, and lack of a systematic approach for harmonization. To address these problems,an infrastructure must be developed to enable a systematic approach for identification and prioritization of measurands to be harmonized on the basis of clinical importance and technical feasibility, and for management of the technical implementation of a harmonization process for a specific measurand.

Validation of the Performance of MRE for the Detection of Advanced Fibrosis due to NASH across Multiple Clinical Trials

( Rohit Loomba ),( Naim Alkhouri ),( Mazen Noureddin ),( Jie Zhang ),( Bryan J. Mccolgan ),( C. Stephen Djedjos ),( Robert P. Myers ),( Michael Middleton ),( Zachary Goodman ),( Kris Kowdley ),( Atsus 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Magnetic resonance elastography(MRE) is a quantitative imaging biomarker for the detection of advanced fibrosis due to NASH. Our aim was to validate the performance of MRE for detection of advanced fibrosis using data from multiple clinical trials. Methods: Baseline data were pooled on 296 subjects with NASH from seven randomized, phase 2 and 3 trials including ATLAS and STELLAR-3/-4 trials. All subjects underwent 2D MRE and liver biopsy with staging of fibrosis according to NASH CRN classification. Associations between MRE-stiffness, fibrosis stage, noninvasive tests (NITs) of fibrosis (ELF, FibroTest, FIB-4, NAFLD Fibrosis Score [NFS]), and NASH activity (NAFLD Activity Score ≥5 vs <5) were determined. The discrimination of MRE for advanced fibrosis (F3-F4 vs F0-F2) and cirrhosis (F4 vs F0- F3) was evaluated using areas under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves, and cutoffs from literature-based MRE thresholds (3.64 and 4.67 kPa, respectively) and optimal thresholds(defined by the maximal sum of sensitivity and specificity) were determined. Results: Among 296 subjects, fibrosis stages were F0-1(6%), F2(11%), F3(44%), and F4(40%); median MRE-stiffness was 4.71 kPa(IQR 3.52, 6.35). MRE-stiffness was correlated with fibrosis stage(Spearman ρ=0.60), and other NITs of fibrosis(ρ =0.47-0.52; all P<0.05). The AUROCs(95% CI) of MRE-stiffness for detecting advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.85(0.80, 0.90) and 0.81(0.76, 0.86), respectively. In general, cutoffs from the literature and optimal cutoffs derived from this dataset had similar performance for classification of fibrosis by 2D MRE. Among subjects with F0-F2 fibrosis on biopsy, those with MRE-stiffness ≥3.64 kPa (potential misclassification) had higher ELF and FibroSure than those with MRE-stiffness <3.64 kPa (both P<0.05). Conversely, among subjects with F3-F4 fibrosis on biopsy, those with MRE-stiffness <3.64 kPa had lower ELF, FibroSure, FIB-4, and NFS compared with those with MRE-stiffness ≥3.64 kPa(all P<0.05). Conclusions: This multi-center, multi-study validation demonstrates the clinical utility of 2D MRE for the detection of advanced fibrosis due to NASH.

InAs/GaSb 제2형 응력 초격자 nBn 장적외선검출소자 설계, 제작 및 특성평가

김하술,이훈,Brianna Klein,Nutan Gautam,Elena A. Plis,Stephen Myers,Sanjay Krishna 한국진공학회 2013 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.22 No.6

Long-wave infrared detectors using the type-II InAs/GaSb strained superlattice (T2SL)material system with the nBn structure were designed and fabricated. The band gap energy of the T2SL material was calculated as a function of the thickness of the InAs and GaSb layers by the Kronig-Penney model. Growth of the barrier material (Al0.2Ga0.8Sb) incorporated Te doping to reduce the dark current. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 1st satellite superlattice peak from the X-ray diffraction was around 45 arcsec. The cutoff wavelength of the fabricated device was ∼10.2 μm (0.12 eV) at 80 K while under an applied bias of –1.4 V. The measured activation energy of the device was ∼0.128 eV. The dark current density was shown to be 1.0×10-2 A/cm2 at 80 K and with a bias −1.5 V. The responsivity was 0.58 A/W at 7.5 μm at 80 K and with a bias of −1.5 V. InAs/GaSb 제2형 응력 초격자(strained layer type II superlattice, T2SL)을 이용한 nBn 구조 장적외선 검출소자의 설계 및제작을 하였다. InAs와 GaSb 두께에 따른 T2SL 구조의 장적외선 밴드갭 에너지를 Kronig-Penney 모델을 이용하여 계산하였다. 소자의 암전류 밀도를 줄이기 위해서, nBn 구조에서 장벽층인 Al0.2Ga0.8Sb 성장 중에 Te 보상도핑(compansated doping)을 하였다. 온도(T) 80 K 및 인가전압(Vb) –1.5 V에서, 반응스펙트럼 측정을 통한 소자의 차단파장은 ∼10.2 μm (∼0.122 eV)로 나타났다. 또한 온도 변화에 따른 암전류 측정으로부터 도출된 활성화 에너지는 0.128 eV로 계산 되었다. T=80 K 및 Vb=–1.5 V에서 암전류는 1.0×10-2 A/cm2으로 측정 되었다. 흑체복사 적외선 광원을 이용한 반응도(Responsivity)는 소자 온도 80 K 및 인가전압 –1.5 V의 조건에서 0.58 A/W로 측정되었다.

Choose your shortcuts wisely: COVID-19 rapid reviews of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine

Jennifer Hunter,Susan Arentz,Joshua Goldenberg,Guo-yan Yang,Jennifer Beardsley,이명수,Stephen P. Myers 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.3

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an explosion of rapid reviews geared towards providing time sensitive answers for clinical and policy decision-makers. Rapid reviews (RRs) strike a balance between rigour and rapidity to minimise bias and optimise transparency within specified constraints. Methods: This review article appraised the methods and reporting standards of a convenience sample of RR protocols and RRs of COVID-19 clinical management questions, published in the first six-months of 2020. Inclusion criteria were all RR protocols evaluating traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) registered on PROSPERO, and all RRs indexed on PubMed or published on the Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service. A purpose-specific 9-item reporting checklist reflecting recommended minimum requirements for RRs was applied. Findings were synthesised and narrated in the context of methodological considerations for conducting and reporting RRs of TCIM. Results: Included studies were five RR protocols of TCIM and 16 RRs, of which five considered TCIM. Wide variations in RR methods were proposed or applied, as were the reporting standards. All five RRs that evaluated TCIM had the lowest reporting standards that limited reproducibility and transparency. Despite accepted recommendations, most RRs did not publish a protocol. Conclusions: We propose that specific research disciplines, such as TCIM, have a uniqueness that may lead to unacceptable outputs if minimum methodological standards are not applied. The recommended minimum requirements will optimise the credibility of rapid reviews of TCIM and limit the risk of prematurely disregarding a potentially effective intervention.

InAs/GaSb 제2형 응력 초격자 nBn 장적외선 검출소자 설계, 제작 및 특성평가

Kim, Ha Sul,Lee, Hun,Klein, Brianna,Gautam, Nutan,Plis, Elena A.,Myers, Stephen,Krishna, Sanjay 한국진공학회 2013 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.22 No.6

InAs/GaSb 제2형 응력 초격자(strained layer type II superlattice, T2SL)을 이용한 nBn 구조 장적외선 검출소자의 설계 및 제작을 하였다. InAs와 GaSb 두께에 따른 T2SL 구조의 장적외선 밴드갭 에너지를 Kronig-Penney 모델을 이용하여 계산하였다. 소자의 암전류 밀도를 줄이기 위해서, nBn 구조에서 장벽층인 $Al_{0.2}Ga_{0.8}Sb$ 성장 중에 Te 보상도핑(compansated doping)을 하였다. 온도(T) 80 K 및 인가전압($V_b$) -1.5 V에서, 반응스펙트럼 측정을 통한 소자의 차단파장은 ${\sim}10.2{\mu}m$ (~0.122 eV)로 나타났다. 또한 온도 변화에 따른 암전류 측정으로부터 도출된 활성화 에너지는 0.128 eV로 계산 되었다. T=80 K 및 $V_b$=-1.5 V에서 암전류는 $1.0{\times}10^{-2}A/cm^2$으로 측정되었다. 흑체복사 적외선 광원을 이용한 반응도(Responsivity)는 소자 온도 80 K 및 인가전압 -1.5 V의 조건에서 0.58 A/W로 측정되었다. Long-wave infrared detectors using the type-II InAs/GaSb strained superlattice (T2SL) material system with the nBn structure were designed and fabricated. The band gap energy of the T2SL material was calculated as a function of the thickness of the InAs and GaSb layers by the Kronig-Penney model. Growth of the barrier material ($Al_{0.2}Ga_{0.8}Sb$) incorporated Te doping to reduce the dark current. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the $1^{st}$ satellite superlattice peak from the X-ray diffraction was around 45 arcsec. The cutoff wavelength of the fabricated device was ${\sim}10.2{\mu}m$ (0.12 eV) at 80 K while under an applied bias of -1.4 V. The measured activation energy of the device was ~0.128 eV. The dark current density was shown to be $1.0{\times}10^{-2}A/cm^2$ at 80 K and with a bias -1.5 V. The responsivity was 0.58 A/W at $7.5{\mu}m$ at 80 K and with a bias of -1.5 V.

The combination of exercise training and Zataria multiflora supplementation increase serum irisin levels in postmenopausal women

Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki,Ayoub Saeidi,Mehdi Ahmadian,Leila Gharahcholo,Nooshin Naghavi,Mohammad Fazelzadeh,Soleiman Mahjoub,Stephen Myers,Andrew Williams 한국한의학연구원 2018 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.7 No.1

Background: We examined the effect of antioxidant supplementation and exercise on irisin within postmenopausal women. Methods: Forty-eight participants (age: 55.7 ± 4.9 years; weight: 68.0 ± 6.3 kg; BMI 27.0 ± 2.7; mean ± SD) were randomized into four groups for the eight week intervention: control group (CG; n = 12), resistance training group (RTG; n = 12), supplementation with Zataria multiflora group (ZG; n = 12), or supplementation with Z. multiflora and resistance training group (ZRTG; n = 12). RTG and ZRTG performed circuit resistance training, and both ZG and ZRTG consumed 500 mg of Z. multiflora every day during the intervention. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before and after the intervention. Results: There was a significant difference in irisin at post-training, with greater levels in ZRTG compared to CG. A significant increase was noted for irisin at post-training compared to pre-training for ZG, RTG, and ZRTG. Moreover, we identified a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in the RTG and ZRTG groups and increase in glutathione in the ZG, RTG, and ZRTG groups when compared to CG. Conclusion: These findings showed that exercise, Z. multiflora supplementation or their combination led to an increase in irisin.

Honeybee products for the treatment and recovery from viral respiratory infections including SARS-CoV-2: A rapid systematic review

Susan Arentz,Jennifer Hunter,Baljit Khamba,Michelle Mravunac,Zemirah Lee,Kristen Alexander,Romy Lauche,Joshua Goldenberg,Stephen P Myers 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background This rapid review systematically evaluated the effects of honeybee products compared to controls for the prevention, duration, severity, and recovery of acute viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs), including SARS-CoV-2, in adults and children. Methods Cochrane rapid review methods were applied. Four English databases plus preprint servers and trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The evidence was appraised and synthesized using RoB 2.0 and GRADE. Results 27 results were derived from 9 RCTs that included 674 adults and 781 children. In hospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2, propolis plus usual-care compared to usual-care alone reduced the risk of shock, respiratory failure and kidney injury and duration of hospital admission. Honey was less effective than Guaifenesin for reducing cough severity at 60-minutes in adults with non-specific acute viral RTIs. Compared to coffee, honey plus coffee, and honey alone reduced the severity of post-infectious cough in adults. Honey reduced the duration of cough in children compared to placebo and salbutamol; and the global impact of nocturnal cough after one night compared to usual-care alone and pharmaceutical cough medicines. Conclusion More studies are needed to robustly assess honeybee's role in SARS-CoV-2 and non-specific viral respiratory infections. Protocol registration PROSPERO: CRD42020193847.