Hyperbolic Model to Evaluate Uplift Force on Pile in Expansive Soils

B. Soundara,R. G. Robinson 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.3

The piles in expansive soils would experience uplift force on the shaft of the piles due to the swelling of the soils. For a given soil, the magnitude of interface shear stress (uplift force) on pile depends on the interface friction between the pile material and the soil, normal stress acting on the pile surface and the magnitude of swelling, which in turn creates the relative movement at the interface between the soil and the pile material. The hyperbolic representation of stress strain curves has been found to be a convenient and useful means of representing the non-linearity of the stress strain curves of soils and forms an important part of the stress strain relationship. In this paper a simplified hyperbolic model is proposed to evaluate the pile uplift in expansive soil. The hyperbolic model is developed based on the model pile uplift tests, interface shear tests and consolidation test results. The interface shear stress is also evaluated using a program PIES (Axial response of Pile In Expansive Soils). Both the analytical studies gave a good correlation of interface shear stress profile obtained by laboratory studies. Finally a design procedure is proposed to evaluate the uplift force along the shaft of pile in expansive soils.

p53 Expression Helps Identify High Risk Oral Tongue Premalignant Lesions and Correlates with Patterns of Invasive Tumour Front and Tumour Depth in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cases

Viveka, Thangaraj Soundara,Shyamsundar, Vidyarani,Krishnamurthy, Arvind,Ramani, Pratibha,Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer subtype with a maximum propensity for regional spread. Our objective was to study if p53 expression might have any correlation with aggressive patterns of invasion within oral tongue cancers as well as with the histologically identified degree of oral tongue dysplasia. p53 immunoexpression was studied using immunohistochemistry in early staged OTSCCs (n=155), oral tongue dysplasias, (n=29) and oral tongue normal specimens (n=10) and evaluated for correlations with histological and clinicopathological parameters. Our study (n=194) showed a pattern of p53 expression increasing with different grades of tongue dysplasia to different grades of invasive OTSCC (p=0.000). Among the OTSCC tumours, positive p53 expression was seen in 43.2% (67/155) and a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased Bryne's grade of the tumour invasive front (p=0.039) and increased tumour depth (p=0.018). Among the OTSCC patients with tobacco habits, (n=91), a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased risk of local recurrence (p=0.025) and with lymphovascular space involvement (p=0.014). Evaluation of p53 through varying degrees of dysplasia to oral tongue cancer indicates that p53 expression is linked to aggressive features of oral tongue cancers and tongue precancers entailing a closer monitoring in positive cases. Among the OTSCCs, p53 expression is associated with tumour aggressiveness correlating with increased grading of invasive tumour front and tumour depth.

Altmetrics: Factor Analysis for Assessing the Popularity of Research Articles on Twitter

Pandian, Nandhini Devi Soundara,Na, Jin-Cheon,Veeramachaneni, Bhargavi,Boothaladinni, Rashmi Vishwanath Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2019 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.7 No.4

Altmetrics measure the frequency of references about an article on social media platforms, like Twitter. This paper studies a variety of factors that affect the popularity of articles (i.e., the number of article mentions) in the field of psychology on Twitter. Firstly, in this study, we classify Twitter users mentioning research articles as academic versus non-academic users and experts versus non-experts, using a machine learning approach. Then we build a negative binomial regression model with the number of Twitter mentions of an article as a dependant variable, and nine Twitter related factors (the number of followers, number of friends, number of status, number of lists, number of favourites, number of retweets, number of likes, ratio of academic users, and ratio of expert users) and seven article related factors (the number of authors, title length, abstract length, abstract readability, number of institutions, citation count, and availability of research funding) as independent variables. From our findings, if a research article is mentioned by Twitter users with a greater number of friends, status, favourites, and lists, by tweets with a large number of retweets and likes, and largely by Twitter users with academic and expertise knowledge on the field of psychology, the article gains more Twitter mentions. In addition, articles with a greater number of authors, title length, abstract length, and citation count, and articles with research funding get more attention from Twitter users.

Risk Stratification of Early Stage Oral Tongue Cancers Based on HPV Status and p16 Immunoexpression

Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi,Soundara, Viveka T.,Shyamsundar, Vidyarani,Ramani, Prathiba,Krishnamurthy, Arvind Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: Recent epidemiological data have implicated human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in the pathogenesis of head and neck cancers, especially oropharyngeal cancers. Although, HPV has been detected in varied amounts in persons with oral dysplasia, leukoplakias and malignancies, its involvement in oral tongue carcinogenesis remains ambiguous. Materials and Methods: HPV DNA prevalence was assessed by PCR with formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections (n=167) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients and the physical status of the HPV16 DNA was assessed by qPCR. Immunohistochemistry was conducted for p16 evaluation. Results: We found the HPV prevalence in tongue cancers to be 51.2%, HPV 16 being present in 85.2% of the positive cases. A notable finding was a very poor concordance between HPV 16 DNA and p16 IHC findings (kappa<0.2). Further molecular classification of patients based on HPV16 DNA prevalence and p16 overexpression showed that patients with tumours showing p16 overexpression had increased hazard of death (HR=2.395; p=0.005) and disease recurrence (HR=2.581; p=0.002) irrespective of their HPV 16 DNA status. Conclusions: Our study has brought out several key facets which can potentially redefine our understanding of tongue cancer tumorigenesis. It has emphatically shown p16 overexpression to be a single important prognostic variable in defining a high risk group and depicting a poorer prognosis, thus highlighting the need for its routine assessment in tongue cancers. Another significant finding was a very poor concordance between p16 expression and HPV infection suggesting that p16 expression should possibly not be used as a surrogate marker for HPV infection in tongue cancers. Interestingly, the prognostic significance of p16 overexpression is different from that reported in oropharyngeal cancers. The mechanism of HPV independent p16 over expression in oral tongue cancers is possibly a distinct entity and needs to be further studied.

Preventive and Risk Reduction Strategies for Women at High Risk of Developing Breast Cancer: a Review

Krishnamurthy, Arvind,Soundara, Viveka,Ramshankar, Vijayalakshmi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed invasive cancer among women. Many factors, both genetic and non-genetic, determine a woman's risk of developing breast cancer and several breast cancer risk prediction models have been proposed. It is vitally important to risk stratify patients as there are now effective preventive strategies available. All women need to be counseled regarding healthy lifestyle recommendations to decrease breast cancer risk. As such, management of these women requires healthcare professionals to be familiar with additional risk factors so that timely recommendations can be made on surveillance/risk-reducing strategies. Breast cancer risk reduction strategies can be better understood by encouraging the women at risk to participate in clinical trials to test new strategies for decreasing the risk. This article reviews the advances in the identification of women at high risk of developing breast cancer and also reviews the strategies available for breast cancer prevention.

Use of Fast Transfer Analysis Cartridges for Cervical Sampling and Real Time PCR Based High Risk HPV Testing in Cervical Cancer Prevention - a Feasibility Study from South India

Vijayalakshmi, Ramshankar,Viveka, Thangaraj Soundara,Malliga, JS,Murugan, Kothandaraman,Kanchana, Albert,Arvind, Krishnamurthy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Background: Molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most objective and reproducible of all cervical cancer screening tests and also less demanding in terms of training and quality assurance. However, there is an impending need for cost effective molecular HPV testing methods with sampling ease, easy storage measures and minimum turn around times suitable for a low resource setting. Objective : Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of using a fast transfer analysis (FTA) mini elute cartridge for cervical sampling to identify high risk HPV by real time PCR and to compare molecular HPV testing and Pap cytology testing to predict histologically confirmed cervical precancer (CIN 2+ lesions) in a cervical cancer prevention program. Materials and Methods: This was conducted as a pilot study (n=200) on women sampled using FTA mini elute cartridges, genotyped by two different real time PCR assays, detecting 13 high risk HPV (HR HPV) species, including HPV16 along with its physical DNA status. Results obtained from each of the tests were compared and analysed using suitable statistical tests. Results: With FTA mini elute cartridge samples HR HPV positivity was seen in 48/200 (24%). Of these, presence of HPV 16 DNA was observed in 28/48 (58.3%) women. High risk HPV was positive in 20% (37/185) of women with benign cytology and 73.3% (11/15) of women with abnormal cytology findings. A very significant correlation (${\chi}^2=22.090$ ; p=0.000) was observed between cytology and HR HPV findings showing an increasing trend of HR HPV prevalence in 50% (1/2) of LSIL, 75% (3/4) of HSIL and 100% (3/3) of SCC. Of the CIN 2+ lesions identified by histopathology, 88.9% (8/9) had HR HPV. A significant association (${\chi}^2=11.223$ ; p=0.001) of HR HPV and histopathologically confirmed CIN 2+ lesions was found. Sensitivity of the two tests were comparable but specificity of Pap testing was better (90.7% vs 70.4%) to predict histopathologically diagnosed cervical precancers. Conclusions: The current study explored the feasibility of using a FTA mini elute cartridge for cervical sampling for the first time in India as a part of a community based cervical cancer prevention program. We suggest that FTA based sampling is suitable and feasible for real time based HPV testing. Molecular HR HPV testing can be more sensitive and useful to identify high risk women requiring Pap testing which is more specific to detect histologically confirmed cervical precancer.

Performance Study on Stabilization of Fine Grained Clay Soils Using Calcium Source Producing Microbes

Ponnusamy Kulanthaivel,Balu Soundara,Arunava Das 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.9

In recent years, the method to produce bio-cementation in sand using bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation (BCCP) process has become more popular. The major objective of this research paper is to study the capability of BCCP to enhance the unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils. Two types of bacteria were used to generate calcium carbonate precipitation. The experimental design variables adopted in this study are bacteria types (L. fusiformis and S. pasteurii), soil types (low compressible clay and intermediate compressible clay), types of externally supplied calcium solution (calcium chloride and eggshell solution), molarities of cementing solution (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 M) and curing period (1, 3 and 7 days). The experimental test results showed that the BCCP process significantly improves the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of both soils. The improvement however varied with bacterial types, soil types, types of externally supplied calcium solution, molarities of cementing solution and curing period. In BCCP treatment, S. pasteurii treated soils give more strength than L. fusiformis because of high urease activity of S. pasteurii in the order 450 U/ml. The maximum improvement ratio was achieved in CL soil (2.51) compared to CI soil (2.26) due to particle sizes. The optimum externally supplied calcium solution and molarity of cementing medium were established as an eggshell solution and 0.50 M, respectively. The images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the experimental findings.

On fuzzy $\beta$-Volterra spaces

V. Chandiran,S. Soundara Rajan,G.Thangaraj 한국전산응용수학회 2024 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.42 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study the new class of spaces called the fuzzy $\beta$-Volterra spaces with the help of fuzzy $\beta$-dense and fuzzy $\beta$-$G_{\delta}$ sets. Examples are given to illustrate the concept. Some interesting characterizations of the fuzzy $\beta$-Volterra spaces are established in this paper.