SPAR Markers-Assisted Assessment of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn) Mini-Core Collection

Subramani Pandian,Karuppasamy Marichelvam,Lakkakula Satish,Stanislaus Antony Ceasar,Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian,Manikandan Ramesh 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.5

Finger millet is an important staple food crop of semi-arid tropics also known as “super cereal” and has a higher calcium content than any other crops. Thousands of germplasm are being maintained and its genetic characterization is essential for further utilization in crop improvement. This research was performed to estimate the diversity and population genetic structure in the mini-core collection of finger millet by using SPAR markers, namely RAPD, ISSR, and DAMD markers. Altogether, 32 primers were used in this study, which produced 408 bands among which 344 were polymorphic. Analysis by combining all three marker systems revealed 84.31% of polymorphism among 90 genotypes of finger millet. Average polymorphism information content (PIC) produced by the ISSR, RAPD, and DAMD markers were 0.79, 0.81, 0.62, and average Rp values were 12.84, 8.17, and 8.53, respectively. The Jaccard's similarity value ranged from 0.233-0.861. IE 6059 and IE 5870 genotypes showed the highest Jaccard's similarity value of 0.861 in UPGMA analysis. Neighbor joining-based phylogenetic analysis produced two major clusters and the genotypes were grouped based on their geographical region of origin. Principal component analysis and principal coordinates analysis also confirmed the results. In population STRUCTURE analysis, the genotypes were divided into two subpopulations (P1and P2). These results confirmed that the genotypes we have assessed were genetically diverse and were clustered based on their geographic region of origin. The information obtained from this study will be useful in population management strategies and selection of genotypes for an effective breeding program in the future.

Tree Diversity Changes over a Decade (2003-2013) in Four Inland Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest Sites on the Coromandel Coast of India

Pandian, Elumalai,Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Forest tree diversity inventory and its periodical monitoring are important to understand changes in tree population structure and to provide information useful for biodiversity conservation and reserve management. In a long-term forest dynamics program in Indian tropical dry evergreen forest, this communication deals with tree diversity changes at decadal interval. The initial inventory of tree diversity was carried out in 2003, in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites - (much disturbed sites Shanmuganathapuram - SP and Araiyapatti - AP and moderately disturbed sites - Karisakkadu - KR and Maramadakki - MM) on the Coromandel Coast of peninsular India, by establishing four 1ha permanent plots, one in each site. In 2013, the four plots were re-inventoried for tree diversity (${\geq}10cm\;gbh$) changes which yielded 56 species from 46 genera and 26 families. The studied forest sites are threatened by disturbance due to multiple reasons; cutting of trees inside of the forest, grazing by goats, construction of temple approach road, and some aspects cultural attachment of local people like constructing new, additional strctures of temple by denuding a portion of forest etc.. Tree species richness over a decade increased by four species in site SP, two species in site AP, and one species in site KR, but decreased by one species in site MM. Tree density decreased drastically by 480 (28.92%) and 102 (12.63%) stems $ha^{-1}$ respectively in sites SP and AP, but moderately increased by 82 (12.09%) stems $ha^{-1}$ in site KR and 26 (3.46%) stems $ha^{-1}$ in site MM. Tree basal area declined in site KR from $21.6m^2$ to $20.26m^2ha^{-1}$ and in site SP from 21.1 to $20.38m^2ha^{-1}$, but increased from $19.1m^2$ to $19.43m^2$ and from 15.5 to $18.63m^2ha^{-1}$ in sites AP and MM respectively. Three tree species (Allophylus serratus, Maytenus emarginata and Ehretia pubescens) were lost out of the 57 species recorded in 2003, and two species (Jatropha gossypiifolia and Streblus asper) were new additions in ten years. The long-term forest monitoring data will be valuable to understand forest dynamics and for conservation and management of this and similar tropical forests.

Dihydrogen Phosphate as a Hydrogen-Bonding Donor Element: Anion Receptors Based on Acylhydrazone

Pandian, T. Senthil,Cho, Seung Joo,Kang, Jongmin American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.78 No.23

<P>Chromogenic anion receptors based on acylhydrazone are designed and synthesized. UV–vis and <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR titration showed that receptors <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> are selective receptors for dihydrogen phosphate (H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>). Both showed strong association constants with H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> even in polar solvents. Receptor <B>1</B> was found to recognize H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> through three types of hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) donors: indole N–H, amide N–H, and imine C–H hydrogens. However, receptor <B>2</B> seemed to sense H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> through two types of H-bonding donors. Despite this seemingly different number of H-bonding elements, the binding constants of receptors <B>1</B> and <B>2</B> with H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> were almost equal. To understand this puzzling result, we investigated the binding poses of complexes using density functional theory. The proposed <B>2</B>·H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> complex structure revealed another possible H-bonding element involving an aromatic nitrogen acting as a H-bonding acceptor. To confirm this, we synthesized receptor <B>3</B>, which is devoid of this nitrogen. The binding constant of receptor <B>3</B> for H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> was 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of receptors <B>1</B> and <B>2</B>. This decreased binding affinity strongly supports the existence of a N(aromatic)···H–O(phosphate) interaction. These results provide a rare opportunity to identify H<SUB>2</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>–</SUP> acting as a H-bonding donor during an anion-recognition event.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2013/joceah.2013.78.issue-23/jo402103d/production/images/medium/jo-2013-02103d_0013.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo402103d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Asian Aquaculture Journals: Problems and Possibilities

Pandian, T.-J. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2001 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

Global status of aquaculture and aquaculture scientific journals is briefly described. Asia is the centre of fishing and aquaculture activities but most publishers, editors and editorial board members of fisheries and aquaculture journals are from Europe and/or USA. The contribution by Asian fisheries/aquaculture scientists to these journals remains low. Language barrier and requirement for monitory investment seem to inhibit Asian participation in this realm of scientific activity. The need for glob-alization of aquaculture scientific journals is emphasized. Selected strategies, which are adopted by the Western journals to improve their image and management, are indicated.

Analytical Threshold Voltage Modeling of Surrounding Gate Silicon Nanowire Transistors with Different Geometries

Pandian, M. Karthigai,Balamurugan, N.B. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.6

In this paper, we propose new physically based threshold voltage models for short channel Surrounding Gate Silicon Nanowire Transistor with two different geometries. The model explores the impact of various device parameters like silicon film thickness, film height, film width, gate oxide thickness, and drain bias on the threshold voltage behavior of a cylindrical surrounding gate and rectangular surrounding gate nanowire MOSFET. Threshold voltage roll-off and DIBL characteristics of these devices are also studied. Proposed models are clearly validated by comparing the simulations with the TCAD simulation for a wide range of device geometries.

Dihydrogen Phosphate Selective Anion Receptor Based on Acylhydrazone

Pandian, T. Senthil,Kang, Jongmin Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.7

Anion receptor 1 based on acylhydrazone has been designed and synthesized. UV-vis and $^1H$ NMR titration showed that receptor 1 is selective receptor for dihydrogen phosphate ($H_2PO_4{^-}$). Dihydrogen phosphate was complexed by the receptor 1 via at least 4 hydrogen bonding interactions, contributing from two amide N-Hs and two imine C-Hs. In addition, nitrogen in the aromatic ring could make 2 additional hydrogen bondings with OH groups in the dihydrogen phosphate. However, the receptor 1 could make only 4 hydrogen bonds with halides. Therefore, receptor 1 could bind anions through hydrogen bonds with a selectivity in the order of $H_2PO_4{^-}$ > $Br^-$ > $Cl^-$ in highly polar solvent such as DMSO.

Transgenesis in Fish: Indian Endeavour and Achievement

Pandian, T.J The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2003 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

The first Indian transgenic fish was generated in 1991 using borrowed constructs from foreign sources. To construct transformation vectors for the indigenous fishes, growth hormone genes of rohu (r-CH), Labeo rohita and catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis were isolated, cloned and sequenced; their fidelity was confirmed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. A vector was constructed with grass carp b-actin promoter driving the expression of r-GH. Rohu eggs are large. fragile and swell 2~3 times. when fertilized. Hence they were amenable only for electroporated sperm-mediated gene transfer. Accordingly, the sperm electroporation technique was standardized to ensure 25% hatchling survival and 37% Presumptive transgenics without suffering any deformity. Southern analysis confirmed genomic integration in 15% of the tested individuals (Ti) belonging to family lines 2 and 3: another 25% of the Juveniles (Te) were also proved transgenic but with the transgene persisting extrachromosomally for longer than 1 to 2 years. perhaps due to the presence of replicon in the vector. Transgenics belonging to different family lines grew 6~8 times faster than the respective controls. Difference in growth trends of Ti and Te within a family line was not significant. In the Ti family 3 remarkable growth acceleration was sustained for a period longer than 36 weeks but in those of family 2, it gradually decreased. All transgenic fishes including the rohu converted the food at a significantly higher efficiency. Barring the transgenic mudloach, all the other transgenic fishes consumed food at significantly reduced rate.

Altmetrics: Factor Analysis for Assessing the Popularity of Research Articles on Twitter

Pandian, Nandhini Devi Soundara,Na, Jin-Cheon,Veeramachaneni, Bhargavi,Boothaladinni, Rashmi Vishwanath Korea Institute of Science and Technology Informat 2019 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.7 No.4

Altmetrics measure the frequency of references about an article on social media platforms, like Twitter. This paper studies a variety of factors that affect the popularity of articles (i.e., the number of article mentions) in the field of psychology on Twitter. Firstly, in this study, we classify Twitter users mentioning research articles as academic versus non-academic users and experts versus non-experts, using a machine learning approach. Then we build a negative binomial regression model with the number of Twitter mentions of an article as a dependant variable, and nine Twitter related factors (the number of followers, number of friends, number of status, number of lists, number of favourites, number of retweets, number of likes, ratio of academic users, and ratio of expert users) and seven article related factors (the number of authors, title length, abstract length, abstract readability, number of institutions, citation count, and availability of research funding) as independent variables. From our findings, if a research article is mentioned by Twitter users with a greater number of friends, status, favourites, and lists, by tweets with a large number of retweets and likes, and largely by Twitter users with academic and expertise knowledge on the field of psychology, the article gains more Twitter mentions. In addition, articles with a greater number of authors, title length, abstract length, and citation count, and articles with research funding get more attention from Twitter users.

Tree Diversity Changes over a Decade (2003-2013) in Four Inland Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest Sites on the Coromandel Coast of India

Elumalai Pandian,Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Forest tree diversity inventory and its periodical monitoring are important to understand changes in tree population structure and to provide information useful for biodiversity conservation and reserve management. In a long-term forest dynamics program in Indian tropical dry evergreen forest, this communication deals with tree diversity changes at decadal interval. The initial inventory of tree diversity was carried out in 2003, in four tropical dry evergreen forest sites - (much disturbed sites Shanmuganathapuram - SP and Araiyapatti - AP and moderately disturbed sites - Karisakkadu - KR and Maramadakki - MM) on the Coromandel Coast of peninsular India, by establishing four 1ha permanent plots, one in each site. In 2013, the four plots were re-inventoried for tree diversity (≥10 cm gbh) changes which yielded 56 species from 46 genera and 26 families. The studied forest sites are threatened by disturbance due to multiple reasons; cutting of trees inside of the forest, grazing by goats, construction of temple approach road, and some aspects cultural attachment of local people like constructing new, additional strctures of temple by denuding a portion of forest etc.. Tree species richness over a decade increased by four species in site SP, two species in site AP, and one species in site KR, but decreased by one species in site MM. Tree density decreased drastically by 480 (28.92%) and 102 (12.63%) stems ha-1 respectively in sites SP and AP, but moderately increased by 82 (12.09%) stems ha-1 in site KR and 26 (3.46%) stems ha-1 in site MM. Tree basal area declined in site KR from 21.6 m2 to 20.26 m2 ha-1 and in site SP from 21.1 to 20.38 m2 ha-1, but increased from 19.1 m2 to 19.43 m2 and from 15.5 to 18.63 m2 ha-1 in sites AP and MM respectively. Three tree species (Allophylus serratus, Maytenus emarginata and Ehretia pubescens) were lost out of the 57 species recorded in 2003, and two species (Jatropha gossypiifolia and Streblus asper) were new additions in ten years. The long-term forest monitoring data will be valuable to understand forest dynamics and for conservation and management of this and similar tropical forests.

Nanostructured Nickel–Cobalt–Titanium Alloy Grown on Titanium Substrate as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Ganesan, Pandian,Sivanantham, Arumugam,Shanmugam, Sangaraju American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.14

<P>One of the important challenges in alkaline water electrolysis is to utilize a bifunctional catalyst for both hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions to increase the efficiency of water splitting devices for the long durable operations. Herein, nickel-cobalt-titanium (NCT) alloy is directly grown on a high corrosion resistance titanium foil by a simple, single, and rapid electrochemical deposition at room temperature. The electrocatalytic activity of NCT alloy electrodes is evaluated for both HER and OER in aqueous electrolyte. Our NCT electrocatalyst exhibits low overpotentials around 125 and 331 mV for HER and OER, respectively, in 1 M KOH. In addition to this outstanding activity, the bifunctional catalyst also exhibits excellent OER and HER electrode stability up to 150 h of continuous operation with a minimal loss in activity. Further, the NCT alloy directly grown on titanium foil is used to directly construct membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for alkaline electrolyte membrane (AEM) water electrolyzer, which make the practical applicability. This single-step electrodeposition reveals NCT on titanium foil with high activity and excellent electrode stability suitable for replacing alternative commercial viable catalyst for the alkaline water splitting.</P>