초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

초·중·고등학교 학생·학부모·일반교사의 보건교육 영역별 요구도와 보건교육

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through x^(2)­test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teacher. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC that those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.

항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 장관골 감염성 불유합의 이단계 치료

조세현,정순택,박형빈,황선철,하용찬,황인환 대한골절학회 2004 대한골절학회지 Vol.17 No.4

목적: 장관골 감염성 불유합의 치료 시 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 이용한 이단계 재건술의 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2002년 9월까지 장관골 감염성 불유합으로 이단계 재건 수술을 받은 41예 (대퇴골 26예, 경골 15예)를 대상으로 하였다. 일단계 수술에서는 광범위한 변연 절제술, 부골 제거 및 세척술과 기존 고정 장치의 제거 또는 외고정 장치로의 교환을 시행한 후 시공 (dead space)과 불유합 주변 연부조직 내 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정을 삽입하였다. 임상적 감염 증상이 호전된 평균 8.7주 (3주~32주) 후 이단계 재건술로서 Ⅰ군은 내고정 장치 (금속판 5예, 골수강내 금속정 8예), Ⅱ군은 외고정 장치 (Ilizarov 25예, Monofixator 3예)로 각각 고정하고 17예에서는 골내 이동술이나 골 연장술을 시행하였다. 양군 모두 필요한 경우 골 이식과 시멘트 정의 교환을 추가하였다. 추시 기간은 16개월에서 최장 71개월로 평균 45개월 이었다. 치료 결과는 골유합 기간 및 Paley 방법에 의한 방사선상 골유합 상태와 하지 기능으로 평가하였다. 결과: Ⅰ군 13예 전부와 Ⅱ군 28예 중 26예에서 감염의 치료와 골유합을 얻었다. 이단계 재건술 후 골 이식술, 골 소파술, 외고정 핀 교환과 각변형 교정술, 피부 이식 또는 근육 피판 회전술 등의 보조적 시술이 Ⅰ군은 평균 2회, Ⅱ군은 평균 6.2회 추가되었다. 평균 골유합 기간은 Ⅰ군이 19.3주이고 Ⅱ군이 23.1주로 내고정군이 더 빨랐다. 방사선상 Paley 골유합 상태는 Ⅰ군이 우수 8예, 양호 5예이었고, Ⅱ군이 우수 18예, 양호 7예, 보통 1예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.492). 기능적 결과는 Ⅰ군에서 우수 6예, 양호 6예, 보통 1예 이었고, Ⅱ군에서는 우수 10예, 양호 13예, 보통 3예, 불량 2예 이었다 (p=0.267). 결론: 항생제 혼합 시멘트 정의 골수염 치료 효과가 관찰되었으며, 감염이 호전된 후 내고정 장치로 교환해 준 군이 외고정을 유지한 군에 비하여 추가 수술 횟수가 적고, 골유합 기간도 빨랐다. Purpose: To evaluate treatment results between internal na external fixation groups in two-stage reconstruction of infected nonunion of long bones using antibiotics-impregnated cement beads. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, preexisting hardwares were removed and radical debridement was done. The dead space was filled with antibiotics -impregnated cement beads and the nonunion sits was immobilized by external fixation, cast or skeletal traction. In the second stage, all cases were divided into two groups; the nonunion was fixed by internal fixation in group Ⅰ versus external fixation in group Ⅱ. The intervening period between the first and second stage was average 8.7 weeks (range, 3~23 weeks). Results: The follow-up period was average 45 months (range, 16~71 months). Infection control and bone union were achieved in all 13 cases of group Ⅰ. Infection recurred in two of 28 cases in group Ⅱ, one underwent above-knee amputation and the other case was lost in follow-up. The mean number of supportive operations including repeated curettage, augmentation and change of infected pins, angular correction, and soft tissue flap was average 2 and 6.2 times respectively in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ. Bony union period was average 19.3 and 23.1 weeks in each group. According to Paley's classification, group Ⅰ was similar to group Ⅱ in bony and functional result (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antibiotics-impregnated cement beads provided positive effect on infection control. Internal fixation group showed less number of additional operations and earlier bony union than external fixation group.

앵커볼트 인발거동의 파괴역학적 해석

조영혁,김인순,변근주,송하원 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1996 논문집 Vol.28 No.2

Anchor bolts embedded in concrete, used to transfer local loads into structures, are important structural details. The accurate predictions of the ultimate tensile capacity of the anchor bolts governed by the concrete cone failure are very important. The objectives of this study are to predict the fracture behavior of the concrete and to obtain the tensile capacity numerically for the pull-out of anchor bolts embedded in concrete. For this purpose, the methods to evaluate the ultimate tensile capacity of the anchor bolts embedded in concrete are summarized and the fracture behavior and cracking model of concrete are studied. From the concrete fracture analysis based on finite element modeling of the pull-out test, the fracture behavior of concrete including the ultimate tensile capacity of the anchor bolt is obtained. From the comparison between the numerical results and the experimental data, it is shown that the smeared modeling for the numerical predictions of the progressive fracture of concrete due to the pull-out of anchor bolts can be improved by using the line of interface elements along the crack path.

특발성 경련질환으로 오인된 원발성 부갑상선기능저하증 1례

신성하,최정영,김준기,고영춘,조상욱,김순호,임중규 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.1

자외선 소독과 소독설비

염철민,조순행,정해웅,윤제용 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.2

탈회폐수의 질소제거

이병진,조순행 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The purposes of this study were to investigate the possibility of applying ammonia stripping process for the removal of the highly concentrated ammonia nitrogen in deliming wastewater and to suggest optimal operating conditions of ammonia stripping process in the consideration of economics according to changes in the operating condition. As results, the additional effects of COD_cr, T-N, turbidity, color removal as well as increased pH of wastewater were expected by use of Ca(OH)_2 and using Ca(OH)_2 was superior economically to use of NaOH. The optimal reaction pH of ammonia stripping was 10.5. Ammonia nitrogen was removed rapidly as reaction temperature was higher and air flow rate was increased. The reaction time to satisfy 100mg NH_3-N/L was 8.4, 4.3, 3, 1.7 hrs at 25, 35, 45 and 55℃, respectively, at the air flow rate of 20L/min and up to 96.1% of organic nitrogen was removed by ammonia stripping. CaCO_3 removal process was required after ammonia stripping since the effluent of ammonia stripping process contained high concentration of CaCO_3 which were produced during aeration. Capital cost and operating cost were decreased with the increasing reaction temperature and air input. In conclusion, the ammonia stripping process was very efficient in the treatment of highly concentrated ammonia nitrogen in deliming wastewater and among applied conditions of ammonia stripping in the current study, the optimal conditions were at the pH of 10.5, the temperature of 55℃, and the air flow rate of 20L/min.

축산폐수 전처리를 위한 암모니아 탈기

이병진,조순행 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.3

The treatment of piggery wastewater depends on biological treatment process mostly. However, the removal process of highly concentrated ammonia nitrogen is required as a pretreatment to expect the appropriate efficiency of the biological treatment process. In this study, the possibility of applying ammonia stripping process with diffused air system to remove ammonia nitrogen contained in the influent of biological treatment process of piggery wastewater was investigated. Moreover, the efficiency of treatment and overall cost were reviewed according to operation conditions of ammonia stripping such as pH, temperature, and air input to suggest the optimum operation condition. As results, using Ca(OH)_2 for pH control of wastewater was superior economically to use of NaOH and additional effects such as organic substances, phosphorus, turbidity, and color removal were observed. The optimum pH of ammonia stripping was 10.5, ammonia nitrogen was removed rapidly as reaction temperature and air input were increased, and the reaction time to increase C/N ratio of 10 was 6.1, 3.8, 2.5, 1.4 hrs at 25, 35, 45, 55℃, respectively, at the air flow rate of 20 L/min. Capital cost and operating cost were decreased with the increasing reaction temperature and air input. Therefore, ammonia stripping was very efficient in the treatment of highly concentrated ammonia nitrogen in piggery wastewater and among applied conditions of ammonia stripping in the current study, the optimal conditions were at the pH of 10.5, the temperature of 55℃, and the air flow rate of 20 L/min.

Epstein-Barr 바이러스 형질전환법을 이용한 파상풍 톡소이드에 대한 사람 단세포군 항체의 생산

유승민,조정제,호순태,하윤문 大韓免疫學會 1993 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.15 No.-

For production of tetanus toxoid(TT) specific human monoclonal antibodies, anti-TT antibody secreting peripheral B lymphocytes were separated by rosetting with TT-coated SRBC. And, B lymphoblastoid cell line(BLCL) was established by Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) transformation methods. Stable BLCLs were established after three times of cloning by limiting dilution. To establish the maximal antibody producing condition, several environmental factors were tested. The optimal condition for maximum antibody prodiction was 4 day culture of 1 x 105cells/ml concentration in RPMI 1640 complete culture media supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum, and the maximum concentration of secreted antibody was about 900ng/ml. The antibody production of BLCL was decreased during long-term culture after establishment of cell line, but antibody production was maintained by repeated cloning by limiting dilution.

서울시 정수장의 필요 소독능 관리 현황

염철민,조순행,윤제용 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

This study was designed to evaluate the disinfection performance in water treatment plants (WTPs, n=16) in Seoul. Disinfection requirement based on the SWTR (Surface Water Treatment Rule) of the U.S. (0.5-log and 1.5-log Giardia removal) was applied in estimating the disinfection performance of WTPs in Seoul. The water treatment process or unit steps used for this evaluation includes inlet pipe line, flocculation basin, sedimentation basin, clearwell, and storage tank. The major results are as follows. First, it was found that all WTPs in Seoul meet a virus removal criteria (4-log removal). Second, the baffling factors (T_10/T) in treatment processes used for this evaluation which was selected by Seoul Water Works were found 1.0 for inlet pipe line, 0.2 for flocculation basin, 0.7 for sedimentation basin, and 0.5 for clearwell, respectively. Since the selection of right baffle factors (T_10/T) is critically important, further rationalization is required in this process. Residual chlorine concentration in clearwell varied from 0.4 to 1.0mg/L. Third, for the disinfection criteria of 3-log Giardia inactivation, almost all of disinfection data which were provided by Seoul Water Works can meet the CT requirement even at worst water quality condition. However, if disinfection criteria is strengthened to 4-log Giardia inactivation, then only 38% of disinfection data can meet the CT requirement. Rational disinfection criteria need to be developed, based on the occurrence of Giardia or other indicating microorganisms occuring in source water. Fourth, significant improvement of disinfection performance in 2001 at all WTPs in Seoul was made as compared to that of 1999 year.