韓國人의 和合과 相扶相助의 慣行硏究

孫仁銖 서울市立大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this essay is to see in the light of good morals and manners the Korean traditional practice for harmony and mutual aids seen in the Korean traditional community lives such as Dureh, Poomasi, Dongjeh, Hyang Yahk, Gyeh and etc. In the Korean traditional societies people used to work together in cooperation, and the houses were likely to concentrate in certain places to the formation of the villages big or small, in which we see sense of harmony and cooperative spirit on the part of the Koreans. The term 'we' we are willing to use has got unique connotations and denotations; it is meant not only by 'you and I' but also by 'all the people' we are familiar with. Here a question is raised "Why are only the Koreans willing to use the word 'we'?" It is because the Koreans are endowed by nature with instinct that they want to become one and the same with those they like. To the Koreans the word 'we' has referred to good will, sympathy, solidarity and cooperation. As we see here the Koreans used to help with one another and were willing to share happiness and misery with others. The Koreans used to put the prosperity of community before their own individual happiness, which says they hamde high of harmony and of mutual aids. So to preserve and make better these good morals and manners is important to make Korea better and richer. They used to see the true the good and the beautiful in solidarity in the strict sense of the world. Sense of harmony and cooperative spirit are impartant to all other countries, and they are all the more to Korea because it encounters so many problems to solve nowadays. In fact in the contemporary societies we are in wide contact, conscious or unconscious, with the unknown people. To be in good terms and good harmony with the unknown in these complicated societies, the first thing we should do is to accept they are different in nature, thought and personalities from us. To this sense of harmony, cooperative spirit and sense of mutual aids are indispensable, because mutual understanding and acceptance derive from them.

韓國敎育과 庸齋 白落濬 先生

孫仁銖 연세대학교 교육대학원 1979 연세교육과학 Vol.15 No.-

George Paik (Whose pen-name is Yong-jae) is a big tree, all of which we cannot see well at all close at hand. It is very difficult for a man to build up a good personality, to acquire a brilliant scholarship and at the same time to leave an eternal and excellent achivements on educational fields. Dr. Paik has so far been an excellent Bender of both scholarly and educational circles and he is an international figure Korea has ever produced. After eleven years of study in the United States he returned home in the autumn of 1927 to accept the professorship at Chosun Christian College (now Yonsei University), which was the first occasion for him to devote all his life and energy to the great task of education. In 1928 for the first time since the foundation of the College Dr. Paik, in spite of a Korean, sat as the Chairman of the Department of Liberal Arts. In order not to let C.C.C. remain an institute of a fort·sign culture, he tried every effort of his to digest and modify the imported foreign elements into Korean culture. His endeavor resulted in the fact that Yonsei led the development of Korean culture and therefore the Scholarly achievements and culture of Yonhee became an essential part of Korean culture. It is not a mere accident that Yonsei pursues the attitude of "Review the Old and Learn the New" and maintains the position of "Seek the Substantial" for its academic tradition. When Dr. Paik was appointed as the President of Yonhee University after 1945 Liberation from Japan, he did not hesitate to practice the system of co-education because he rightly recognized the vital fact that females who consist the half of the whole population of the World must also be educated at equal terms at colleges and universities and they must be trained to be utilized as resources for the good of the world. His devotion is not merely restricted to the educational achievements of Yonsei. He has so far played a great and important role in the educational circles of Korea as well. When he was appointed as a Committee of council of Korean Educational Law he advocated the conception of Honik Ingan which is stated in the First Act of the law. The spirit of Honik Ingan-for the universal good of all peoples·is the very faith that Koreans have long believed in since their history began. My belief is that Dr. Paik, who had emphasized on the education of moral people and moral society, advocated the spirit of Honik Ingan for the balance between our people's ideal and the education of morality. He has been and devoted only for the good of others. Dr. Paik was appointed as the End Minister of Ministery of Education (from April, 1950 to Oct., 1952) and he put emphasis on the education of 'Moral Conduct', 'One Man One Skill' and 'Nation Defense First'. He also proclaimed 'the Special Educational Law in War Time' and 'the Special Statute for College and University Education in War Time' for the continuance of education in various levels of schools. The system of War-time Confederate Universities was the first. example in the world history of education that he established and succeeded. The establishment of one national university in one province is due to the result of his ceaseless effort. He also enforced the Compulsory Education Law and practised the system of education self-administration. The law and the system are a new start in our educational history and the system especially is significant in the fact that our education started on its own. These two practices number among his greatest achievements in our educational fields. He was appointed as the third and fourth chairman of Education Committee for the City of Seoul (May 1953-Aug 1956) and the Chairman of Confederate Education Committee of Korea from Aug. 1956 to Aug. 1958. He contributed to consolidate the Committee as a Professional Society in its Characteristics and to unite teachers to stand together. He believed that national rehabilitation lay in education and tried his best to solve and achieve our national democratic tasks successfully. He advocates the education to hold man in high esteem and laid stress on the democratic contents of education, democratic administration of schools, 4emocratic community and democratic system of education. For the purpose of achieving our national subjects on hand in educational circles he also puts emphasis on the education of liberal man, moral man, social man, productive man, modern man, and world man. What he asserts is the very educational task in our future which must be carried out without fail. My idea is that his educational philosophy, his love in education, and his achievements in education will remain long in our history. His further achievements in scholarship and education are expected as he still, in his seventies, devotes himself to the profound research and he is willing to give advice for the development of education.

접착제(본드)흡입이 간장의 기능 및 조직변화에 미치는 영향

김인수,손동렬,신인철 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1984 環境科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

접착제의 흡입으로 일어날 수 있는 유해작용에 대하여는 이미 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 그 유해작용은 접착제 제조에 사용된 유기용매의 종류와 순수성에 따라 좌우되므로 만성독성으로 인한 신경장애에 대한 작용이외에 많은 연구들이 일치된 견해가 없고 각 나라마다 자국산의 접착제에 대하여 철저한 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 우리나라에선 거의 연구되어 있지 않는 실정이다. 따라서, 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제의 흡입으로 일어날 수 있는 만성독성에 대한 연구가 필요하여 백서에 장기간 접착제를 흡입시켰을 때 특히 간 기능과 조직변화에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 접착제는 사용된 유기용매의 종류에 따라 toluene과 acetone이 주 용매인 Gt와 hexane과 acetone이 주 용매인 Gh 2 종류로 구분하였으며 실험동물은 체중 180g 내외의 웅성 백서를 대조군, Gt 흡입군과 Gh 흡입군 3군으로 나누었다. 1) 접착제를 10분간 흡입시키는 동안에는 약간의 흥분작용 이외에 별다른 증상을 볼 수 없었으나 40일간의 흡입에서 부터 흥분작용이 증가되어 공격적이며 적의심을 나타냈다. 이러한 중추신경에 대한 영향은 Gt 흡입군에서 더욱 심화하였고 흡입이 중단된지 60일이 경과되어도 정상으로 회복되지 않았다. 2) 혈청 GOT와 GPT는 10일에서 부터 증가되어 30∼40일에 최고의 증가치를 나타냈으나 흡입이 계속되고 있음에도 감소되였다. 혈청 alkaline phosphatase 수준은 20일에서부터 증가하여 50 일까지 지속되었으나(59.2%∼73.1%) 60일에서는 감소되었다. 총 bilirubin은 전 실험기간에서 별 변동이 없었으며 혈청효소의 변동은 흡입이 중단된 후 20일에서는 거의 정상수준으로 회복되었고 Gt와 Gh 흡입군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 간의 무게를 체중비로 나타낸 결과 20일에서 부터 25% 증가되었고 60일에서는 50%의 증가를 나타냈으나, 흡입이 중단된 후 50일이 경과되어서는 정상으로 회복되는듯 하였다.(Gt 12.2%, Gh 16.3%) 4) 간의 병리 조직학적 소견으로는 20일에서 문맥주변부의 염증 세포 침윤, 충혈 및 간세포 종창이 관찰되었으나, 흡입이 계속되고 있음에도 더 이상 약화되지 않고 60일간 같은 변화를 보였다. 흡입이 중단된 후 40 일에서는 정상 조직상태를 나타냈으며 이러한 조직변화는 Gt와 Gh 흡입군에서 별 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제의 만성흡입은 내성의 출현으로 인하여 특정적인 심한 간 손상을 유발하지 않는 것으로 판단되며 간 기능 손상은 조직변화에 선행되어 나타나고 간 기능 및 조직손상은 회복성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 우리나라에서 생산되는 접착제는 비교적 장기간 백서에 흡입하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 접착제의 만성흡입은 특징적인 심한 간 손상을 유발하지 않았으며 이는 내성의 출현으로 인한 것으로 판단되고 간 기능 손상은 조직 변화에 선행되어 나타나고 간 기능 및 조직 손상은 회복성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. There have been a number of studies on the acute and chronic toxicities induced by continuing, heavy exposure to glue or its solvents. However the reports besides on the neuronal damage are still controversial, for the toxic actions probably depend on the kind and purity of the solvents used in glue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chronic exposure to the inhalation of glue on the functional and histological liver damages. 210 healthy Sprague-Dawely male rats weighing about 180g. were divided into 3 groups: 1)control group exposed to the inhalation of fresh air, 2) Gt group exposed to the inhalation of glue whose main solvents were toluene and acetone, 3) Gh group exposed to the inhalation of glue whose main solvents were hexane and acetone. The results obtained were as follows: 1) During 10 minutes exposure to the inhalation of glue, slight excitement was observed in all rats and in 40 days exposure, excitement was more profound and aggressiveness and hostility were found in Gt group rather than Gh group. The excitement was not subsided even 60 days after stopping inhalation. 2) Serum GOT and GPT levels were elevated in 10 days exposure and reached to the highest level in 30∼40 days exposure followed by decrease to normal ranges. Serum alkaline phosphatase level remained raised from 20 days to 50 days exposure (59.2%∼73.1%) and returned to almost normal level in 60 days exposure. Total bilirubin level were within normal limits in all experimental period. The serum enzyme levels were recovered to normal ranges 20 days after being exposed to the final inhalation and have no significant difference between Gt and group. 3) The relative liver weights were increased by 25% in 20 days exposure, and by 50% in 60 days exposure but it seemed to be returned to normal weight 50 days after stopping inhalation (Gt 12.2%, Gh 16.3%). 4) The histopathological changes induced by 20 days exposure to the inhalation of glues Gt and Gh were mononuclear cell infiltration in periportal zone, congestion and cellular swelling on the liver and were not enhanced even by increase in exposure time. These findings were completely subsided 40 days after receiving the final exposure. From these results, it may be concluded that the chronic inhalation of glues available in Korea fails to cause severe or characteristic liver disease, the functional damage is followed by the histological changes in liver and the functional and histological damages are reversible.

1~2기 본태성 고혈압 환자들에서 Imidapril 대 Enalapril의 항고혈압 효과를 평가하기 위한 무작위, 이중맹검 임상시험

최영진,손대원,김용진,이홍자,채인호,김효수,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,채윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

한국인에서 혈소판 당단백 Ⅲa 유전자 다형성과 급성 관동맥 증후군의 관계

김광일,채인호,김효수,손대원,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

Factors Associated with Indeterminate and False Negative Results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in Active Tuberculosis

( Ki Won Cho ),( Eun Ha Cho ),( Soo Hoon Kwon ),( Sang Hyuk Im ),( In Sohn ),( Sook Hee Song ),( Hyeok Kim ),( Su Hyun Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

노인 환자에서 경피적 관동맥 중재술 후 조영제 유발 신부전의 발생률, 위험인자와 임상적 의의

김광일,배장환,강현재,채인호,김효수,손대원,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식 대한노인병학회 2004 대한노인병학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Factors Associated with Indeterminate and False Negative Results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in Active Tuberculosis

Cho, Ki-Won,Cho, Eun-Ha,Kwon, Soo-Hoon,Im, Sang-Hyuk,Sohn, In,Song, Sook-Hee,Kim, Hye-Ok,Kim, Su-Hyun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.5

Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

로자탄 대 포시노프릴의 고혈압 환자들에서 항고혈압 효과, 안전성 및 내약성의 비교

박대균,이명묵,채인호,이무용,이홍자,김효수,김철호,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

간장 및 비장손상에서 국소지혈제로써의 인체양막의 이용에 대한 실험적 연구

손수상,강중신,김인호 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1988 계명의대학술지 Vol.7 No.2

The hemostatic mechanism of action of collagen appears to involve both activation of the intrinsic clotting mechanism via factors XII and XI and a platelet interaction consisting of adherence and aggregation of platelets vis adenosine diphosphate release. Of many commercially available local hemostats, the microcrystalline collagen(Avitene) is known to be one of the most effective agents. Human amniotic membrane contains collagen that initiates platelet aggregation and activation of the intrinsic pathway of the clotting mechanism. The authors studied the hemostatic effectiveness of the human amniotic membrane and the results were compared with that of Avitene web, Collastat and Gelfoam. Canine liver and splenic bleeding models were used. Human amniotic membrane and Avitne web had similar effectiveness(97.2%) and were more effective than Collastat(77.8%) or Gelfoam(61.1%). First application success rates also revealed that amniotic membrane(80.6%) and Avitene web(77.8%) were more successful than others(47%). Human amniotic membrane is an effective topical hemostatic agent in experimental canine lever and splenic wounds when compared with several currently used agents and can also result in cost savings.