Acid Response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 Is Accompanied by Modification of the Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition

( Songling Liu ),( Fazheng Ren ),( Jingli Jiang ),( Liang Zhao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.6

The acid response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 has been studied in our previous study. The fab gene, which is supposed to be involved in membrane fatty acid biosynthesis, was demonstrated to be induced in acid response. In order to investigate the relationship between acid response and cell membrane fatty acid composition, the acid adaptation of BBMN68 was assessed and the membrane fatty acid composition at different adaptation conditions was identified. Indeed, the fatty acid composition was influenced by acid adaptation. Our results showed that the effective acid adaptations were accompanied with decrease in the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (UFA/SFA) and increase in cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) content, which corresponded to previous studies. Moreover, both effective and non-effective acid adaptation conditions resulted in decrease in the C18:1 cis- 9/C18:1 trans-9 ratio, indicating that the C18:1 cis-9/C18:1 trans-9 ratio is associated with acid tolerance response but not with acid adaptation response. Taken together, this study indicated that the UFA/SFA and CFA content of BBMN68 were involved in acid adaptation and the C18:1 cis-9/C18:1 trans-9 ratio was involved in acid tolerance response.

FULL - FIELD STRESS ANALYSIS FOR PREVENTION OF FAILURE OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

Wei Songling 한국농업기계학회 1996 ICAMPE 요약집 Vol.2 No.-

Peroxisomal Fitness: A Potential Protective Mechanism of Fenofibrate against High Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

JIANG SONGLING,UDDIN MD JAMAL,Xiaoying Yu,Lingjuan Piao,Dorotea Debra,Oh Goo Taeg,Ha Hunjoo 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.6

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing in association with the epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Peroxisomes are single membrane-enclosed organelles that play a role in the metabolism of lipid and reactive oxygen species. The present study examined the role of peroxisomes in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD using fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist.Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a normal diet or HFD for 12 weeks, and fenofibrate (50 mg/kg/day) was orally administered along with the initiation of HFD.Results: HFD-induced liver injury as measured by increased alanine aminotransferase, inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation was effectively prevented by fenofibrate. Fenofibrate significantly increased the expression of peroxisomal genes and proteins involved in peroxisomal biogenesis and function. HFD-induced attenuation of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation was also significantly restored by fenofibrate, demonstrating the functional significance of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. In <i>Ppara</i> deficient mice, fenofibrate failed to maintain peroxisomal biogenesis and function in HFD-induced liver injury.Conclusion: The present data highlight the importance of PPARα-mediated peroxisomal fitness in the protective effect of fenofibrate against NAFLD.

Acid Response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 Is Accompanied by Modification of the Cell Membrane Fatty Acid Composition

Liu, Songling,Ren, Fazheng,Jiang, Jingli,Zhao, Liang The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.7

The acid response of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BBMN68 has been studied in our previous study. The fab gene, which is supposed to be involved in membrane fatty acid biosynthesis, was demonstrated to be induced in acid response. In order to investigate the relationship between acid response and cell membrane fatty acid composition, the acid adaptation of BBMN68 was assessed and the membrane fatty acid composition at different adaptation conditions was identified. Indeed, the fatty acid composition was influenced by acid adaptation. Our results showed that the effective acid adaptations were accompanied with decrease in the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (UFA/SFA) and increase in cyclopropane fatty acid (CFA) content, which corresponded to previous studies. Moreover, both effective and non-effective acid adaptation conditions resulted in decrease in the C_18:1 cis-9/C_18:1 trans-9 ratio, indicating that the C_18:1 cis-9/C_18:1 trans-9 ratio is associated with acid tolerance response but not with acid adaptation response. Taken together, this study indicated that the UFA/SFA and CFA content of BBMN68 were involved in acid adaptation and the C_18:1 cis-9/C_18:1 trans-9 ratio was involved in acid tolerance response.

Venture Capital Backing and Issuance of Seasoned Equity Offerings: Evidence from China

Juncheng Li,Songling Yang,Hemei Li,Qiuyue Zhang,Qianqian Shi 한국증권학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.49 No.6

We analyze how venture capital (VC) affects the timing of seasoned equity offering (SEO) issuance and the post-SEO performance of Chinese companies during the 2006–2018 period. Empirical analysis confirms that VC “accelerates” SEO issuance because of greater financing demands. Thus, VC-backed firms prefer to issue their first SEOs earlier than non-VC-backed firms. Moreover, quick SEOs promoted by venture capitalists are more underpriced because of information asymmetry.

Contact stress of O-ring under uniform squeeze rate by photoelastic experimental hybrid method

남정환,황재석,Songling Han,박성한 대한기계학회 2008 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.22 No.12

In this paper, photoelastic experimental hybrid methods using the external traction free boundary condition and that using the relative equation of two stress functions in contact problems are developed. The validities of these two methods are confirmed through experiments and discussions. Hertz’s contact theory and the two photoelastic experimental hybrid methods explained are applied to the analysis of the contact stress of an O-ring under 10% or 20% squeeze rate. The photoelastic experimental hybrid method using the relative equation of two stress functions in contact problems was found to be more effective. When the squeeze rates of an O-ring were 10% or 20%, the maximum of absolute te σ x was greater than the maximum of absolute σ y , but was almost equal. Maximums of absolute τ xy were 1 8 of absolute σ x and 1 5 of absolute σ x when the squeeze rates of the O-ring were 10% and 20%, respectively.

The effect of Virtual CSR Co-Create on Users' Gameful Pleasure

Fei Zhou,Songling Xu,Yuanxi Ding Institute of Management Research 2023 Journal of East Asia Management Vol.4 No.2

With the progress of information technology and the rapid development of the gamification marketing, corporate marketing through virtual CSR co-create as customer acquisition, customer retention strategy has become the hot topic, but the reality results show that the effect of virtual CSR co-create fails to reach an enterprise's marketing purposes. Based on the success model of D&M information system, from the perspective of customer engagement, this study analyzes how enterprises achieve customer engagement and bring gameful experience to customers through gamification marketing in the context of virtual CSR co-create. The empirical results show that the quality of game information -- social interaction and sense of achievement in the context of virtual CSR co-create have a significant positive impact on consumers' gameful experience, and customer engagement plays a partial mediating role between social interaction, sense of achievement and consumers' gameful experience.

A study on the analysis of O-ring under uniform squeeze rate and internal pressure by photoelastic experimental hybrid method

황재석,남정환,Songling Han,Osung Kwon,Sunghan Park 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.8

There are three kinds of loading conditions applied to the O-ring, The first loading condition is the case in which uniform squeeze rates are applied to the upper side and the lower side of the O-ring (the strain condition). The second loading condition is the case in which uniform squeeze rates are applied to the upper side and the lower side of the Oring and other squeeze rates are applied to the front side of the O-ring. The third loading condition is the case in which uniform squeeze rates are applied to the upper side and the lower side of the O-ring, other squeeze rates are applied to the front side of the O-ring, and internal pressures are applied to another front side of the O-ring(loading condition is the combination of stress condition and the strain condition). In this research, a new photoelastic experimental hybrid method under the third loading condition was developed and it was verified. The stresses of the O-ring under the third loading condition were analyzed by the new photoelastic experimental hybrid method developed in this research. The internal pressures applied to the O-ring were 0.98 MPa, 1.96 MPa, 2.94 MPa and 3.92 MPa.

Bioactive Compounds / Food Microbiology : Enhanced Acid Tolerance in Bifidobacterium longum by Adaptive Evolution: Comparison of the Genes between the Acid-Resistant Variant and Wild-Type Strain

( Yunyun Jiang ),( Fazheng Ren ),( Songling Liu ),( Liang Zhao ),( Huiyuan Guo ),( Caiyun Hou ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.3

Acid stress can affect the viability of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium. This study aimed to improve the acid tolerance of Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 using adaptive evolution. The stress response, and genomic differences of the parental strain and the variant strain were compared by acid stress. The highest acid-resistant mutant strain (BBMN68m) was isolated from more than 100 asexual lines, which were adaptive to the acid stress for 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, and 50th repeats, respectively. The variant strain showed a significant increase in acid tolerance under conditions of pH 2.5 for 2 h (from 7.92 to 4.44 log CFU/ml) compared with the wildtype strain (WT, from 7.87 to 0 log CFU/ml). The surface of the variant strain was also smoother. Comparative whole-genome analysis showed that the galactosyl transferase D gene (cpsD, bbmn68_1012), a key gene involved in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis, was altered by two nucleotides in the mutant, causing alteration in amino acids, pI (from 8.94 to 9.19), and predicted protein structure. Meanwhile, cpsD expression and EPS production were also reduced in the variant strain (p < 0.05) compared with WT, and the exogenous WT-EPS in the variant strain reduced its acid-resistant ability. These results suggested EPS was related to acid responses of BBMN68.

Pan-Src kinase inhibitor treatment attenuates diabetic kidney injury via inhibition of Fyn kinase-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress

Dorotea Debra,Jiang Songling,Pak Eun Seon,Son Jung Beom,Choi Hwan Geun,Ahn Sung-Min,Ha Hunjoo 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

Src family kinases (SFKs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis. However, the specific mechanism by which SFKs contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Our preliminary transcriptome analysis suggested that SFK expression was increased in diabetic kidneys and that the expression of Fyn (a member of the SFKs), along with genes related to unfolded protein responses from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway, was upregulated in the tubules of human diabetic kidneys. Thus, we examined whether SFK-induced ER stress is associated with DKD progression. Mouse proximal tubular (mProx24) cells were transfected with Fyn or Lyn siRNA and exposed to high glucose and palmitate (HG-Pal). Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with KF-1607, a novel pan-Src kinase inhibitor (SKI) with low toxicity. The effect of KF-1607 was compared to that of losartan, a standard treatment for patients with DKD. Among the SFK family members, the Fyn and Lyn kinases were upregulated under diabetic stress. HG-Pal induced p70S6 kinase and JNK/CHOP signaling and promoted tubular injury. Fyn knockdown but not Lyn knockdown inhibited this detrimental signaling pathway. In addition, diabetic rats treated with KF-1607 showed improved kidney function and decreased ER stress, inflammation, and fibrosis compared with those treated with losartan. Collectively, these findings indicate that Fyn kinase is a specific member of the SFKs implicated in ER stress activation leading to proximal tubular injury in the diabetic milieu and that pan-SKI treatment attenuates kidney injury in diabetic rats. These data highlight Fyn kinase as a viable target for the development of therapeutic agents for DKD.