Soil Carbon Dioxide Evolution in Three Deciduous Tree Plantations

Yowhan Son(손요환),Goo Lee(이구),Ji-Young Hong(홍지영) 한국토양비료학회 1994 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Fertilization Effects on Understory Vegetation Biomass and Structure in Four Different Plantations

Son, Yowhan,Lee, Mi-Hyang,Noh, Nam Jin,Kang, Byeung Hoa,Kim, Kun Ok,Yi, Myong Jong,Byun, Jae Kyung,Yi, Koong Korean Society of Forest Science 2007 한국산림과학회지 Vol.96 No.5

Biomass and species diversity of understory vegetation after fertilization were studied for 28-year-old Quercus acutissima plantation (MQA), 29-year-old Pinus densiflora plantation (MPD), 8-year-old Betula platyphylla var. japonica plantation after coal reclamation (YBP), and 4-year-old Pinus densiflora plantation after forest fire (YPD) in central Korea. Nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium (6:4:1) fertilizer was applied for 3 years from 2004. Thereafter photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and understory species richness and diversity were measured in late July-early August 2006. PAR (${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}S^{-1}$) was higher at the fertilization treatment (100.9) than at the control (67.0) for MQA while was lower at the fertilization treatment (156.5) than at the control (268.7) for MPD. Total understory biomass (t $ha^{-1}$) was lower at the fertilization plot (1.8) than at the control plot (3.0) for YPD, however, there were no differences in biomass between fertilization and control plots for MQA, MPD and YBP. Total species number of understory vegetation was higher for fertilization than for control at MPD (47 vs. 45) and YPD (21 vs. 13), and was higher for mature plantations (33 vs. 37 for MQA and 47 vs. 45 for MPD) than for young plantations (16 vs. 16 for YBP and 21 vs. 13 for YPD). Species richness and diversity were higher at the fertilization treatment than at the control for MQA, YBP, and YPD while were lower at the fertilization treatment than at the control for MPD, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that there were no consistent patterns in light conditions, biomass and species richness and diversity of understory vegetation following fertilization. More detailed long-term studies with different fertilizer applications would be necessary to conclude the influence of fertilization on understory vegetation in the region.

장기 생태계 연구의 필요성과 실행 방향

손요환 高麗大學校自然資源科學硏究所 1997 自然資源科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

Long-term ecological research is receiving more attention now than ever before, and there is a growing interest to expand ecological research both temporally and spatially. This paper described the importance and approaches of long-term ecological research, which gives us basic understandings of ecosystems to manage natural resources and environments properly. Also the value and attributes of long-term monitoring in ecosystems were explained.

대기오염과 산림생태계 : Ⅰ. 산성강하물이 산림토양에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. Effects of Acid Deposition on Forest Soils

손요환 高麗大學校自然資源科學硏究所 1994 自然資源科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

A definitive understanding of acid deposition effects on forest soils clearly has not been achieved. However, impacts on forest soil properties most likely to occur include soil acidification, increased mobilization of heavy metals including aluminum, changes in mineral weathering rates, increased rates of cation leaching, altered soil biology, and changes in nitrogen cycling. What appears to be needed is the expansion of current efforts to investigate and to monitor, on a long-term basis, the elemental fluxes which take place in various conditions. Recommended research directions will help narrow the degree of uncertainty.

Comparison of Mass and Nutrient Dynamics of Coarse Woody Debris between Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis Stands in Yangpyeong

Kim, RaeHyun,Son, Yowhan,Hwang, Jaehong The Ecological Society of Korea 2004 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.27 No.2

Coarse woody debris (CWD, $\ge$ 5 cm in maximum diameter) is an important functional component, especially to nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. To compare mass and nutrient dynamics of CWD in natural oak forests, a two-year study was conducted at Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis stands in Yangpyeong, Kyonggi Province. Total CWD (snag, stump, log and large branch) and annual decomposition mass (Mg/ha) were 1.9 and 0.4 for the Q. serrata stand and 7.5 and 0.5 for the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. Snags covered 72% of total CWD mass for the Q. variabilis stand and 42% for the Q. serrata stand. Most of CWD was classified into decay class 1 for both stands. CWD N and P concentrations for the Q. variabilis stand significantly increased along decay class and sampling time, except for P concentration in 2002. There were no differences in CWD N concentration for the Q. serrata stand along decay class and sampling time. However, CWD P concentration decreased along sampling time. CWD N and P contents (kg/ha) ranged from 3.5∼4.7 and 0.8∼1.3 for the Q. serrata stand to 22.8∼23.6 and 3.7∼4.7 for the Q. variabilis stand. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg/ha/yr) into mineral soil through the CWD decomposition were 0.7 and 0.3 for the Q. serrata stand and 1.6 and 0.3 for the Q. variabilis stand, respectively. The number of CWD and decay rate were main factors influencing the difference in CWD mass and nutrient dynamics between both stands.

Fertilization Effects on Fine Root Biomass, Production, and Turnover Rate in a Pinus rigida Plantation

Hwang, Jaehong,Son, Yowhan The Ecological Society of Korea 2003 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.26 No.2

We examined the effects of fertilization [control (C), 200 kg N ha^{-1} + 25 kg P ha^{-1}$ (LNP), and 400 kg N $ha^{-1} + 50 kg P ha^{-1}$ (HNP)] on fine root (< 2 mm diameter) dynamics using monthly soil coring method in a 39-year-old Pinus rigida plantation of central Korea. The average fine root biomass (live + dead) (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) during the first growing season for C, LNP, and HNP was 1301 $\pm$ 54, 1084 $\pm$ 47, and 1328 $\pm$ 22, respectively. The fine root production (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) was 2394 $\pm$ 128 for C, 2048 $\pm$ 101 for LNP, and 2768 $\pm$ 150 for HNP, respectively. Over the same period, fertilization treatments had impact on N and P concentrations of live fine root. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg $ha^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$) into the soil through fine root turnover for C, LNP, and HNP were 16.6 and 0.9, 17.2 and 0.9, and 24.1 and 1.6, respectively. There were no significant differences in fine root biomass and production during the first growing season after fertilization. However, fertilization increased fine root N and P concentrations, and in consequence resulted in increased N and P inputs into soil through fine root turnover.

경기도 양평지역 굴참나무와 졸참나무 고사목의 부후균에 대한 기초 연구

박안나,손요환,김규혁 고려대학교 2004 생명자원연구 Vol.12 No.-

굴참나무와 졸참나무의 고사목을 대상으로 부후균이 수종, 직경, 부후 등급별로 분포 및 생장률에 차이가 있는지 파악하고자 수행된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.굴참나무와 졸참나무의 고사목 내에는 다양한 균들이 서식하고 있었으며, MEA 배지상에서 집락의 색과 형태학적 특징 및 균사의 현미경적 특징에 따라, 부후균을 13개의 부류로 나눌 수 있었다. 그리고 이들 13개 부류는 수종, 직경, 부후 등급별로 상이한 분포를 나타내었다. 2.13개 부류의 목재 기생균류중 담자균류의 전형적 특징인 clamp connection이 관찰되는 6개 부류를 대상으로 백색부후균과 갈색부후균으로 구분한 결과, 갈색부후균은 백색부후균에 비해 수종별 차이가 크지않았다. 반면 백색부후균은 갈색부후균과는 달리 고사목 직결별로 분포의 차이가 있었으며, 백색부후균과 갈색부후균의 분포는 부후 등급별로 상이하였다. 3.목재 부후균류로 분류된 6개 부류의 생장률과 백색부후균의 경우 Bavendamm test시 형성되는 갈색 착색대의 직경이 부류에 따라 상이하여 이들 부류가 각기 다른 종임을 알 수 있었다. 4.이상과 같이 목재 부후균의 종류와 분포는 고사목의 직경, 수종, 부후 등급에 따라 상이하였으나, 이외에도 배양상의 온도 및 습도와 같은 환경 조건에 따라 차이를 나타낼 것으로 예상되는 바, 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

고등학교 과학 교과서에 나타난 생태 환경 관련 교육 내용 분석 연구

정선미,손요환 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

Soil CO₂ Efflux in Ecological Studies: Current Status and Challenges

Tae Kyung Yoon,Yowhan Son,Hyeon Min Yun,Nam Jin Noh,Gayoung Yoo,Haegeun Chung,Seong-Taek Yun 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Soil Carbon Dioxide Evolution in Three Deciduous Tree Plantations

손요환,이구,홍지영,Son, Yowhan,Lee, Goo,Hong, Ji-Young 한국토양비료학회 1994 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Soil $CO_2$ evolution was measured using the soda-lime method for 20-year-old L. tulipifera, P. albaglandulosa, and Q. rubra plantations planted on a similar soil type in the Kwangneung Experimental Forest during the growing season of 1994. Soil $CO_2$ evolution ranged from $0.21g/m^2/hr$ for Q. rubra to $0.33g/m^2/hr$ for L. tulipifera. and was significantly different among species. We found positive correlations between soil $CO_2$ evolution and air(p<0.001, r=0.39) and soil temperatures(p<0.001, r=0.49). Peaks in seasonal soil $CO_2$ evolution occurred in July and August. Seasonal soil $CO_2$evolution did not necessarily follow changes in air and soil temperatures. This study implies that more work is needed to clarify the influence of other factors on soil $CO_2$evolution. 각기 다른 수종이 토양발생 이산화탄소량에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 광릉시험림내에서 비슷한 입지에 식재된 20년생 백합나무, 은수원사시나무, 루브라참나무 인공조림지를 대상으로 soda-lime 법으로 1994년 5월부터 10월까지의 임목생육기간동안 이산화탄소 발생량을 측정하였다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 수종에 따라 $0.21g/m^2/hr{\sim}0.33g/m^2/hr$로 차이가 있었다. 이산화탄소 발생량과 대기 및 토양온도간에는 정의 상관관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이산화탄소 발생량은 7, 8월에 가장 높았고, 이산화탄소 발생량의 계절적 변화는 대기 및 토양온도와 반드시 일치하지는 않았다. 이산화탄소 발생에 영향을 미치는 제반 환경 및 삼림인자들에 대한 보다 상세한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.